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Financial stress and infidelity: 42-year-old man seeks advice on securing retirement

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7438 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 17, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Asked by Anonymous - Jun 20, 2024Hindi
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Hi , I am a 42+yrs man ,working in a BPO,dealing with Domestic violence case imposed on me for not paying maintenance(Almost emptied my saving still accused me of that),filed divorce in my defense apart from DV case.daughter of 7yrs. Wife not allowing me to do any savings but she is making savings,Gold,flats ,renovating maternal home .She is not contributing in non-profit expense .she even asked for 30lacs to get relieved from her. I got involved with a 36yr old lady who had a bad breakup and she needed emotional support and I had too due to my personal family issues and no good terms with wife . 55k monthly income TATA AIA 2 Lakhs yearly investement PF 4.5lakhs 2.5 lakh Life insurance investment against return of 5lakhs in 10yrs KVP-5 lakhs(India post) An undivided property. Not sure how to approach retirement financial security with my 69yrs old mother . Please advise an approach in this situation.

Ans: Current Financial Position
You earn Rs. 55,000 monthly. You invest Rs. 2 lakhs annually in TATA AIA. Your Provident Fund (PF) balance is Rs. 4.5 lakhs. You have life insurance with a return of Rs. 5 lakhs in 10 years. Your Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) is worth Rs. 5 lakhs. Additionally, you have an undivided property. These assets need careful management for future security.

Immediate Financial Needs
Legal Expenses

You are facing legal issues, including domestic violence and divorce cases. Allocate a portion of your savings for legal fees. This ensures you have resources to defend yourself properly.

Daily Living Expenses

Your wife is not contributing to non-profit expenses. It is crucial to budget carefully. Track your monthly expenses and cut unnecessary costs. Ensure basic needs for you and your daughter are met.

Emergency Fund

Create an emergency fund. This should cover at least six months of living expenses. Given your legal situation, this fund is essential. It will help you manage any unforeseen expenses without financial strain.

Investment Strategy
Review Current Investments

You have significant investments, but they need reevaluation. The TATA AIA investment and life insurance policy might not yield the best returns. Consider consulting a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) to explore better options.

Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP)

KVP is a safe investment but offers moderate returns. Assess if this aligns with your long-term goals. It might be beneficial to diversify your investments for better growth.

Undivided Property

This property can be a valuable asset. Evaluate its potential for sale or rental income. This can provide additional financial support.

Future Financial Security
Retirement Planning

At 42, it is vital to plan for retirement. Start by estimating your retirement needs. Consider inflation and future living expenses. Increase your PF contributions if possible. Look into diversified mutual funds for better growth.

Mother’s Financial Support

Your mother is 69 years old. Ensure she has adequate financial support. This includes healthcare and living expenses. Set aside funds specifically for her needs.

Education Fund for Daughter

Your daughter is 7 years old. Start an education fund for her. Consider child education plans or mutual funds. This ensures her future education expenses are covered.

Dealing with Personal Issues
Emotional and Legal Support

You are dealing with significant personal stress. Seek professional legal and emotional support. This can help you manage the situation better. Join support groups or seek counseling for emotional well-being.

New Relationship

Your new relationship should be approached with caution. Ensure it does not complicate your legal issues. Prioritize resolving your current family situation first.

Investment Advice
Actively Managed Funds

Avoid index funds due to their limited flexibility. Actively managed funds, with a Certified Financial Planner’s guidance, offer better growth potential. They are managed by experts who make informed decisions, aiming for higher returns.

Regular Funds vs. Direct Funds

Direct funds might seem cost-effective but lack professional guidance. Regular funds, managed by a CFP, ensure expert handling of your investments. This can lead to better performance and peace of mind.

Final Insights
Your situation is complex, involving financial, legal, and personal issues. Prioritize legal and daily living expenses. Build an emergency fund and plan for future security. Consult a CFP for personalized investment advice. This ensures a 360-degree approach to managing your finances and securing your future.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Dear sir i am 51 yr old ,i had a very tough life,i was bright and honest student..i got adhoc lecturer ship which i have to left as it was adhoc only i like my profession but i had to left ..than i join with help of my friend sales which i don't like but to earn i did and rose to higher management level...my married elder brother was having depression,i left the parental home to help him ,my parents were both retired govt employees getting good pension...i struggled to make both ends meet..later on my parents get medical trouble still my wife took care of them at my house.. I left the job in 2010 me and my friends who bring me job started the business but he ditched me the first day on business i take courage and continued the business... Meanwhile my parents refused yo help....after 3 yr of my business my parents come to help them as my mother has to do 3 month complete bed rest ,me and my wife helped them after that they come for 2 -3 months in a year for 5 years but after that my mother starts querlling with my wife ,i stoped their coming but told i will help them they need..i helped them during covid ,and other medical problems ,in 2021 my father passed away in i met an car accident my mother refused to give registery of copy in cour yo get bail..i stopped my all relation on this ...my daughter went to canada in sep 2021..i took 7 lacs loan and rest i paid from my savings ..this month her course was supposed to finish but what i realize that she failed in 13 exams..she told me first time than i told her to not worry i concentrate for future one but she lied and failed in other one also what she disclosed now,i have to pay further 10 lacs..my business is alo down and my son is not selected my medical field business,i have to collect aprx 40 lacs from market ,i tried hard for tie up overtake or job at this age but kot getting...it is become hard to run business with no family member in same business in future and tonpay to daughter ..i am gojng to shut it down in next month and do something else...with low cost business as i have to pay monthly salaries and rent of aprox 2.5 lac...i am in big trouble...No one to help me out..i never tried my 0mother brother sister whom i helped in their every cause...i knew they will not help as they not helped me in all my troubles...
Ans: I'm really sorry to hear about the difficult circumstances you've faced in your life. It sounds like you've gone through a lot of challenges and have been dealing with various setbacks. It's understandable that you may feel overwhelmed and frustrated at this point.
In times of hardship, it's important to remember that there is always hope and the possibility of finding solutions. Here are a few suggestions to consider:

1. Seek Professional Help: Given the complexity of your situation and the emotional toll it has taken on you, it may be beneficial to seek professional support. Consider reaching out to a counselor, therapist, or support group to help you navigate through your challenges and emotions. They can provide guidance and assist you in developing coping strategies.
2. Financial Assistance: If you're struggling with loans and financial obligations, it might be worth exploring options for financial assistance. Consult with a financial advisor or research available schemes, grants, or loans that could potentially help you manage your debts and ease the financial burden.
3. Career Transition: As you mentioned, shutting down your current business and exploring other low-cost business options might be a viable solution. Assess your skills, interests, and market demand to identify alternative business opportunities that align with your capabilities and resources. Consider seeking advice from business mentors or professionals in your desired industry to help you make informed decisions.
4. Network and Support: While it may feel like you're alone, reach out to your social network for support. Friends, acquaintances, or industry professionals might have insights, connections, or opportunities that could be beneficial. Building a support system can provide emotional support and potentially open doors for new opportunities.
5. Prioritize Self-Care: In challenging times, taking care of yourself is crucial. Make sure to prioritize self-care activities such as exercise, relaxation, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones. Maintaining your physical and mental well-being will help you navigate through difficulties with a clearer mindset.
6. Maintain Resilience: Remember that setbacks are a part of life, and resilience is key. While it may feel overwhelming now, focus on developing a positive mindset and persevering through challenges. Draw on your past experiences of overcoming adversity to fuel your resilience and determination.

Finally, know that it's never too late to make a fresh start or seek new opportunities. It may take time, effort, and a shift in mindset, but with perseverance and resilience, you can work towards a better future. Reach out for help, explore available resources, and stay determined. Wishing you strength and the best of luck as you navigate through this difficult period.

..Read more

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Asked by Anonymous - Jan 01, 2025Hindi
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Hello Sir, I am 45 and my wife is 42 and we are both working in the software industry and have an 11 year old daughter. We like to live a comfortable life and have taken home salaries of 3.5 L and 3 L per month respectively. Last year we paid off all loans and are EMI free now. Our current asset position is as follows Real Estate Flat 1 - 1.7 CR Flat 2 - 80 L which is rented out and fetches a rent of 20K Villa Plot 1 - Approx 2 CR Villa Plot 2 - Approx 40 L Our ancestral inheritance would be roughly 7-8 CR’s Financial assets PF - 1.25 CR PPF - 20 L NPS - 20 L Sukanya Samrithi - 10 L Mutual funds - 50 L Bonds & Structured Products - 25 L Bank balance / FD's - 40 L Shares / Options / RSU's ($80000) - ~65L Gold (physical & Digital) - ~1.5 CR Some Unlisted Shares - 6-7L Some LIC's - 6L Crypto - 7 -10 L We have 2 good Cars which are fully paid off which should be worth 30-40L Monthey Investments Mutual Fund SIP's - 2 L Bank RD'S - 1.2 L PF (take home salary is after taking out PF) - 1 L PPF - 25000 NPS - 60000 (take home salary is after taking out NPS) Sukanya Samrithi - 12500 Pension scheme - 5L per year for next 10 years for pension scheme which will give a pension of 35 K for next 35 years and the insured amount back on maturity Insurance cover Term Insurance - 4 CR ( 2 CR each) Health Insurance apart from corporate insurance - 1 CR Expenses Monthly expenses are around 1.7 L and typically take an international vacation every year. There is a lot of uncertainty in the IT industry and IT has started to become boring. Me and my wife both want to consider retiring early by 50 or switch to something which is more creative and interesting. I Want to understand how to achieve financial independence so that we can do something which satisfies our mind and not to be bothered about money. Of Course i would like to make money from these new work streams and continue active work till 55. Please advice
Ans: Achieving financial independence while ensuring a comfortable life requires a well-thought-out plan. Your strong asset base, disciplined savings, and thoughtful approach provide a solid foundation for planning early retirement or a creative career shift. Here's a comprehensive strategy to guide your journey:

Assessment of Your Current Financial Position
Assets Overview

Your real estate holdings are substantial but illiquid. Rental income is steady but limited.
Your financial assets are diverse and moderately liquid. Mutual funds, shares, and bonds form a robust portfolio.
Your gold holdings and crypto investments add diversification but have high volatility.
Insurance and Protection

Your term insurance and health cover are adequate, ensuring security for your family.
Evaluate the LIC policies. They may not yield competitive returns.
Savings and Investments

SIPs, RDs, and NPS contributions reflect disciplined savings.
Bank FDs offer low returns compared to inflation-adjusted growth.
Your PF and Sukanya Samriddhi contributions align with long-term goals.
Expenses

Current monthly expenses are high, which is natural for your income bracket.
International vacations are a recurring luxury but manageable with your income.
Retirement Planning: Steps to Financial Independence
Define Financial Independence

Decide the corpus required for early retirement. Consider inflation and future expenses.
Focus on creating a corpus that generates Rs 2.5–3 L monthly, post-tax.
Adjust Asset Allocation

Increase allocation towards equity mutual funds for inflation-beating returns.
Reduce dependence on low-return assets like FDs and LIC.
Consider liquidating one villa plot to reinvest in financial instruments with better returns.
Optimize Real Estate

Rental income from Flat 2 is low compared to its value. Explore options to enhance returns.
Retain ancestral inheritance as a backup for legacy planning or future contingencies.
Focus on Active Income Sources

Explore creative career options that align with your interests.
Aim to build part-time or consulting roles to sustain active income till 55.
Investment Strategies
Mutual Funds

Actively managed mutual funds provide better potential returns than index funds.
Continue SIPs but increase the amount in diversified funds.
Regular vs Direct Funds

Direct funds save commission but lack professional guidance.
Regular funds through a Certified Financial Planner ensure timely reviews and rebalancing.
Stocks and RSUs

Your equity exposure through shares and RSUs is healthy.
Maintain diversity by investing in Indian and global markets.
Debt Instruments

Bonds and structured products are stable but less liquid.
Shift some allocation to dynamic bond funds for better returns and flexibility.
PPF and Sukanya Samriddhi

These are long-term, safe options. Continue contributions.
Crypto and Gold

Crypto adds risk. Limit further investments due to its volatility.
Gold offers stability but avoid overexposure.
Tax Efficiency
Capitalize on long-term capital gains tax benefits on mutual funds.
Plan redemptions strategically to minimize tax liability.
Utilize HUF or other structures for better tax efficiency.
Expense Management
Build a contingency fund covering 12 months of expenses in liquid assets.
Regularly track spending and adjust discretionary expenses like vacations.
Consider term plans for international trips, ensuring minimal financial impact.
Retirement Corpus Building
Phase 1: Till Age 50

Invest aggressively in equity and hybrid mutual funds.
Target an annualized return of 10–12% to build your corpus.
Phase 2: Post Age 50

Gradually move investments to debt funds, balanced funds, and dividend-yielding options.
Ensure stable and regular income streams post-retirement.
Lifestyle and Career Transition
Identify creative or fulfilling careers that can generate moderate income.
Upskill in areas of interest while leveraging your IT expertise.
Gradual transition allows a steady income flow and mental preparedness.
Final Insights
Financial independence at 50 is achievable with your disciplined approach. Focus on balancing risk and liquidity in your investments. Realign your portfolio to prioritize returns while protecting your lifestyle and family’s future.

Plan systematically for a phased retirement, ensuring your passion drives your career decisions without financial worries.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

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Remember, the decision about how to proceed must ultimately align with what brings you the most peace and fulfillment. Balancing love and family expectations is difficult, but staying true to yourself and your values is essential for long-term happiness.

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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7438 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jan 05, 2025

Money
Hello Sir, I am 44 years old man. I want to start SIP for my children, 6.5 years old daughter and 2.5 years old son. The objective is to secure their future and the funds can be used when they want to go for graduation/higher studies. I have shortlisted the following funds, please let me know if you recommend any changes. Thank you! 1-UTI Nifty50 Index Direct: Rs.2000 2-ICICI Prudential Nifty Next 50 Index Fund: Rs.2000 3-Canara Robeco Bluechip Equity Fund: Rs.2000 4-ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund: Rs.3000 5-Parag Parikh Flexi Cap Fund: Rs.2000 6-ICICI Prudential Equity & Debt Fund: Rs.3000 7-Quant Active Find: Rs.3000 8-SBI Contra Fund: Rs.3000 9-Nippon India small cap fund: Rs.3000 10-Nippon India ETF Gold BeES: Rs.2000
Ans: Creating a portfolio for your children’s future is a thoughtful and responsible step. Ensuring the right mix of funds can maximise returns, manage risks, and help achieve your financial goals effectively. Below is an evaluation of your selected portfolio, along with recommendations to streamline and optimise it.

Evaluating Your Portfolio
1. Too Many Funds
You have selected 10 funds, which might lead to over-diversification.
Over-diversification can dilute returns and make tracking difficult.
2. Balanced Allocation Missing
There’s a heavy tilt towards equity with insufficient diversification across asset classes.
Adding a debt component can provide stability and reduce volatility.
3. Index Funds
UTI Nifty50 Index Fund and ICICI Prudential Nifty Next 50 Index Fund:
Index funds lack flexibility and cannot outperform during bear markets.
Actively managed funds might be better for your long-term goals.
4. Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Exposure
Nippon India Small Cap Fund:
High risk but high return potential.
Retain for diversification but limit exposure to 10%-15% of your total investments.
5. Thematic and Contra Funds
SBI Contra Fund and Quant Active Fund:
Thematic and contra funds have niche strategies, making them riskier.
Retain only one if aligned with your risk appetite.
6. Gold ETF
Nippon India ETF Gold BeES:
Adds diversification and inflation protection.
However, limit allocation to 5%-10% of your portfolio.
Recommended Portfolio for Your Goals
1. Core Equity Allocation (60%-70%)
Focus on funds that provide long-term stability and growth.

Large-Cap Funds: Replace index funds with actively managed large-cap funds for better returns.
Flexi-Cap Funds: Retain Parag Parikh Flexi Cap Fund for its global diversification and balanced approach.
Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Funds: Retain one small-cap fund (Nippon India Small Cap Fund) for growth potential.
2. Hybrid Funds (20%-25%)
Include hybrid funds to balance equity and debt.

Retain ICICI Prudential Equity & Debt Fund for stability and moderate returns.
3. Gold (5%-10%)
Continue investing in Nippon India ETF Gold BeES for diversification.

Proposed Allocation
To streamline your portfolio, allocate investments more strategically:

Large-Cap Equity Fund: Invest Rs. 4,000 monthly in a strong actively managed large-cap fund like Canara Robeco Bluechip Equity Fund. Large-cap funds provide stability and consistent growth for long-term goals.

Flexi-Cap Fund: Continue investing Rs. 4,000 monthly in Parag Parikh Flexi Cap Fund. This fund offers global diversification and a balanced approach to equity exposure.

Small-Cap Fund: Retain Nippon India Small Cap Fund and allocate Rs. 3,000 monthly. Small-cap funds add high-growth potential but keep the exposure minimal to manage risk.

Hybrid Fund: Allocate Rs. 5,000 monthly to ICICI Prudential Equity & Debt Fund. This hybrid fund balances equity and debt exposure, providing stability with moderate growth.

Gold ETF: Continue Rs. 2,000 monthly in Nippon India ETF Gold BeES. Gold adds a hedge against inflation and enhances portfolio diversification.

Additional Recommendations
1. Debt Component for Stability
Consider short-term debt funds or liquid funds for low-risk capital appreciation.
These can be used for nearer-term educational needs like school fees.
2. Gradual SIP Increases
Increase SIPs by 10%-15% annually as your income grows.
This ensures your investments grow in tandem with inflation.
3. Portfolio Review and Rebalancing
Review your portfolio annually to evaluate performance.
Rebalance if any fund consistently underperforms for over 2-3 years.
4. Tax Planning
Retain an ELSS tax-saving fund to maximise tax benefits under Section 80C.
Final Insights
Your disciplined approach to securing your children's education is commendable. This revised portfolio offers a balanced mix of growth and stability. It ensures you can meet future education milestones confidently. Stay consistent, increase contributions periodically, and monitor performance regularly.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

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Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jan 05, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jan 04, 2025Hindi
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I have 60 lakhs inr as retirement money.Where to invest to generate an income of 40000-50000 plus appreciate the capital and im what ratio to invest to save the capital in case of a rainy day?
Ans: To generate a monthly income of Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 50,000 while preserving and appreciating your retirement corpus of Rs. 60 lakhs, it is crucial to follow a balanced and diversified investment strategy. Here's a comprehensive plan that balances income generation, capital appreciation, and safety for rainy-day needs:

Investment Allocation for Income and Capital Growth
1. Fixed Income Instruments (30%-40%)
Objective: Stable monthly income and capital protection.

Options:

Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS): If you are 60+, invest up to Rs. 30 lakhs for quarterly payouts.
Post Office Monthly Income Scheme (POMIS): Offers reliable monthly income with low risk.
Bank Fixed Deposits (FD): Choose deposits with monthly interest payouts for stable cash flow.
Debt Mutual Funds: Consider high-quality short-term or dynamic bond funds for better tax efficiency and returns.
Approximate Allocation: Rs. 20-25 lakhs.

2. Equity Mutual Funds (40%-50%)
Objective: Long-term capital appreciation to counter inflation.

Options:

Balanced Advantage Funds (BAFs): Dynamically allocate between equity and debt for moderate risk.
Large Cap Funds: Focus on blue-chip companies for stability.
Multi-Cap Funds: Provide diversified exposure to large, mid, and small caps.
Approach: Start a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) from equity funds after 3 years for tax-efficient income.

Approximate Allocation: Rs. 25-30 lakhs.

3. Emergency Fund (10%-15%)
Objective: Cover unforeseen expenses or emergencies.

Options:

Keep 6-12 months’ expenses in liquid funds or high-interest savings accounts.
Use short-term FDs or sweep accounts for easy access to funds.
Approximate Allocation: Rs. 6-9 lakhs.

4. Alternative Investment (Optional - 5%-10%)
Objective: Enhance portfolio diversification.

Options:

Gold ETFs/Sovereign Gold Bonds: Hedge against inflation and economic uncertainty.
Corporate Bonds or Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs): Ensure AAA-rated for safety.
Approximate Allocation: Rs. 3-5 lakhs.

Monthly Income Strategy
Fixed Income Source: Use interest from SCSS, POMIS, and FDs for regular monthly cash flow.
Equity SWP: Start withdrawing Rs. 15,000-20,000 monthly after 3 years. This ensures tax efficiency and steady income.
Rainy-Day Protection
Maintain a liquid fund with Rs. 6-9 lakhs for quick access during emergencies.

Avoid locking too much in illiquid instruments like long-term FDs or property.

Points to Remember
Rebalance Annually: Review and adjust allocation to align with market conditions.
Tax Efficiency: Debt instruments like SCSS and POMIS are taxable. Equity funds offer LTCG tax benefits.
Inflation Adjustment: Reinvest surplus income to ensure your corpus grows with inflation.
Final Insights
A balanced mix of fixed income and equity can provide regular income and capital growth. Prioritise liquidity for emergencies while optimising tax efficiency. This approach ensures financial independence throughout retirement.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

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Pushpa R  |39 Answers  |Ask -

Yoga, Mindfulness Expert - Answered on Jan 05, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Nov 13, 2024Hindi
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Health
Hi Namita ji! I am a 41 yr old Male. I have always have too much of gas and keep passing odourless gas a lot through out the day. I have recently being diagnosed with early stages of ankylosing spondylitis. Please guide me. Also, is there any home medicines that I can take to relive from the gas.
Ans: Excessive gas can be caused by multiple factors, such as diet, gut health, or lifestyle habits. Since you've been diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, inflammation might also be contributing to gut issues. Here are some tips to help manage gas and improve digestion:

Yoga Practices:
Pawanmuktasana (Wind-Relieving Pose): This pose helps release trapped gas. Lie on your back, hug your knees to your chest one at a time, and gently press them down toward your abdomen.
Vajrasana (Thunderbolt Pose): Sit on your heels immediately after meals to aid digestion.
Cat-Cow Pose: This gentle movement improves spinal flexibility and stimulates digestive organs.
Home Remedies for Gas:
Ajwain (Carom Seeds) and Black Salt: Mix 1 tsp of ajwain with a pinch of black salt. Consume with warm water.
Fennel Tea: Boil fennel seeds in water, strain, and sip after meals.
Ginger and Lemon: Mix grated ginger with a few drops of lemon juice and chew before meals.
Important Notes:
Avoid gas-triggering foods like beans, carbonated drinks, and fried items.
Maintain a regular meal schedule and eat smaller portions.
Consult a healthcare provider for dietary guidance and a yoga coach for safe practice tailored to ankylosing spondylitis.

Warm Regards,
R. Pushpa, M.Sc (Yoga)
Online Yoga & Meditation Coach
Radiant YogaVibes
https://www.instagram.com/pushpa_radiantyogavibes/

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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