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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7888 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 06, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Laxmikant Question by Laxmikant on Apr 29, 2024Hindi
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In mutual fund investments, specially for MIDCAP and SMALLCAP category , which type is better option, INDEX or Actively managed funds ?

Ans: When it comes to mutual fund investments in the midcap and smallcap categories, actively managed funds tend to be a better option compared to index funds. Here's why:

Potential for Higher Returns: Actively managed funds are overseen by experienced fund managers who aim to outperform the benchmark indices by carefully selecting investments based on in-depth research and analysis. This active management approach can potentially lead to higher returns, especially in volatile and less efficient market segments like midcap and smallcap stocks.
Flexibility and Adaptability: Active fund managers have the flexibility to adjust their investment strategies based on changing market conditions, economic trends, and company-specific factors. This agility allows them to capitalize on emerging opportunities and navigate through market downturns more effectively than index funds, which passively track predefined benchmarks.
Alpha Generation: Actively managed funds strive to generate alpha, which represents the excess return earned by the fund compared to its benchmark index. Skilled fund managers use their expertise and judgment to identify undervalued stocks, exploit market inefficiencies, and capitalize on growth prospects, thereby potentially enhancing the fund's performance and delivering superior returns over the long term.
Research and Expertise: Actively managed funds typically employ dedicated teams of research analysts and investment professionals who conduct thorough fundamental analysis, company visits, and market research to identify promising investment opportunities. This active research-driven approach enables fund managers to make informed investment decisions and construct well-diversified portfolios tailored to specific investment objectives and risk profiles.
Potential for Risk Management: In volatile market segments like midcap and smallcap stocks, active management can provide an added layer of risk management through selective stock picking, sector rotation, and portfolio diversification. Fund managers aim to mitigate downside risks and preserve capital by actively monitoring and adjusting portfolio allocations based on risk-return considerations and market dynamics.
In summary, while index funds offer cost-effective and passive exposure to broad market indices, actively managed funds have the potential to outperform benchmarks and generate superior returns through active stock selection, research-driven strategies, and skilled fund management. Therefore, for investors seeking to capitalize on the growth opportunities in midcap and smallcap segments, actively managed funds are generally considered a preferable option over index funds.
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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SIR, GOOD DAY, KINDLY ADVISE ETF FUNDS AND MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES COVERING LARGE CAP, MID CAP, SMALL CAP COMPANIES. WOULD IT BE BETTER TO INVEST IN MULTI CAP OR FLEXY CAP MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES OR ETF FUNDS COVERING LARGE CAP, MID CAP AND SMALL CAP? THANKS AND REGARDS
Ans: When considering investments across large cap, mid cap, and small cap companies, it's important to weigh the options between ETFs and mutual funds. Both have their merits, but choosing the right one depends on your financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment strategy.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
Advantages of ETFs:

Lower Costs: ETFs typically have lower expense ratios. This is because they passively track an index, leading to lower management costs.

Transparency: ETFs provide daily disclosure of their holdings. You know exactly where your money is invested.

Liquidity: ETFs can be traded throughout the day, offering flexibility. You can buy or sell at any time during market hours.

Disadvantages of ETFs:

Passive Management: ETFs track an index, so they lack active management. This can be a disadvantage in a volatile market, where active managers might outperform.

Market Risks: ETFs are subject to market fluctuations. If the market dips, your investment value can decline rapidly.

No Flexibility in Strategy: ETFs are rigid in their investment strategy. They cannot adjust their portfolio to changing market conditions.

Actively Managed Mutual Funds
Advantages of Actively Managed Funds:

Expert Management: These funds are managed by professionals who actively select stocks. This can lead to better returns, especially in uncertain markets.

Dynamic Adjustments: Fund managers can shift investments based on market trends. This flexibility can protect your portfolio from losses.

Potential for Higher Returns: Over the long term, actively managed funds have the potential to outperform passive ETFs, particularly in specific market segments like mid cap or small cap.

Disadvantages of Actively Managed Funds:

Higher Costs: These funds come with higher expense ratios. This is due to the active management and research involved.

Inconsistency: Not all fund managers consistently outperform the market. This could lead to underperformance compared to ETFs.

Multi Cap and Flexi Cap Funds
Multi Cap Funds:

Broad Exposure: Multi cap funds invest across large cap, mid cap, and small cap companies. This provides a diversified exposure across market segments.

Balanced Risk: These funds balance risk and return by investing in a mix of market caps. They offer stability from large caps and growth potential from mid and small caps.

Consistent Allocation: The allocation among large, mid, and small caps remains fixed. This can be less flexible in changing market conditions.

Flexi Cap Funds:

Greater Flexibility: Flexi cap funds can shift investments between large, mid, and small caps. This allows fund managers to take advantage of market opportunities.

Dynamic Management: The fund manager can adjust the portfolio to maximize returns. This can be particularly useful in volatile markets.

Potential for Higher Returns: With flexibility, there's potential for higher returns. However, this also introduces the risk of misjudgment by the fund manager.

Comparing ETFs, Multi Cap, and Flexi Cap Funds
ETFs:

Suitable for investors looking for lower costs and transparency.

Best for those who prefer a passive investment strategy.

Limited in flexibility and may not perform well in volatile markets.

Multi Cap Funds:

Provide a balanced approach with diversified exposure.

Best for investors seeking a stable yet growth-oriented investment.

Less flexible than Flexi Cap funds but still offers good returns.

Flexi Cap Funds:

Offer the highest flexibility in terms of asset allocation.

Ideal for investors who trust the fund manager's ability to navigate market conditions.

Potentially higher returns, but also comes with higher risk.

Direct vs. Regular Mutual Funds
Disadvantages of Direct Funds:

No Guidance: Direct funds do not come with professional advice. Investors are on their own when selecting and managing funds.

Time-Consuming: Researching and selecting funds without expert help can be time-consuming. It requires a deep understanding of the market.

Risk of Poor Decisions: Without guidance, there is a higher risk of making poor investment decisions. This could lead to lower returns.

Advantages of Regular Funds with CFP Guidance:

Expert Advice: Investing through a Certified Financial Planner ensures you receive professional advice. This can lead to better fund selection and management.

Customized Strategy: A CFP can tailor a strategy to your financial goals and risk tolerance. This personalized approach can enhance your investment outcomes.

Ongoing Support: Regular funds with a CFP provide continuous support. This ensures your portfolio stays aligned with your goals as market conditions change.

Finally
Choosing between ETFs, multi cap, and flexi cap funds depends on your investment style. If you prefer lower costs and transparency, ETFs may be suitable. However, for those seeking active management, better returns, and flexibility, multi cap or flexi cap funds are preferable. Direct funds may seem cost-effective, but the lack of expert guidance can be detrimental. Investing through a Certified Financial Planner in regular funds can offer personalized strategies and ongoing support, which can lead to better long-term outcomes.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

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Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7888 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jan 16, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jan 15, 2025Hindi
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Whch Mutual Fund is better ? Large Cap Equity or Mid Cap Equity or Small Cap Equity
Ans: Choosing the right equity mutual fund depends on your goals, risk tolerance, and time frame. Let us analyse the three categories in detail.

1. Understanding Large Cap Equity Mutual Funds
Large-cap funds invest in established companies with a large market capitalisation.

These companies are industry leaders with a proven track record of stability.

Large-cap funds provide consistent returns over the long term.

They are less volatile compared to mid-cap and small-cap funds.

These funds suit conservative investors seeking steady growth and lower risk.

The potential for high returns is lower compared to mid-cap and small-cap funds.

2. Understanding Mid Cap Equity Mutual Funds
Mid-cap funds invest in companies with medium market capitalisation.

These companies are growing rapidly but are not as stable as large-cap companies.

Mid-cap funds offer a balance of risk and return.

Returns can be higher than large-cap funds but come with greater volatility.

These funds suit moderate-risk investors with a long-term horizon.

3. Understanding Small Cap Equity Mutual Funds
Small-cap funds invest in companies with smaller market capitalisation.

These companies have significant growth potential but higher risk levels.

Small-cap funds can deliver very high returns in favourable market conditions.

They are highly volatile and may underperform during economic slowdowns.

These funds suit aggressive investors with a high-risk appetite and patience.

4. Factors to Consider Before Choosing
Investment Goals: Identify if your goal is wealth creation or stable growth.

Risk Tolerance: Choose funds based on your ability to handle market fluctuations.

Time Horizon: Longer horizons allow you to ride out market volatility.

Market Conditions: Evaluate the market’s phase (bull or bear).

Diversification Needs: Combining categories can balance risks and returns.

5. Tax Implications
Large Cap Funds: Long-term capital gains (LTCG) above Rs. 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.

Mid Cap Funds: Same taxation rules apply as for large-cap funds.

Small Cap Funds: Similar tax rules, but higher gains increase taxable amounts.

Plan withdrawals to minimise taxes.

6. Disadvantages of Index Funds for Comparison
Index funds track indices and lack flexibility.

Actively managed funds outperform during market fluctuations.

Professional fund managers adjust portfolios to capitalise on market opportunities.

Invest in actively managed funds through a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) for better results.

7. Direct Funds vs Regular Funds
Direct funds offer no guidance or professional support.

Regular funds with a CFP provide expertise in fund selection and monitoring.

Long-term wealth creation requires expert management for optimisation.

Avoid direct funds unless you are highly experienced in investing.

8. Advantages of Professional Guidance
A CFP helps align funds with your financial goals.

Regular monitoring ensures your portfolio adapts to changing markets.

Expert advice can maximise returns while managing risks effectively.

9. Who Should Choose Large Cap Funds?
Investors with low risk tolerance prefer large-cap funds.

Suitable for retirement planning or steady income needs.

Ideal for those seeking stability over aggressive growth.

10. Who Should Choose Mid Cap Funds?
Investors willing to take moderate risks for higher returns.

Ideal for long-term goals such as children’s education or wealth creation.

Suits those looking to diversify their portfolio.

11. Who Should Choose Small Cap Funds?
Aggressive investors seeking high growth potential.

Suitable for long-term goals beyond 10 years.

Not recommended for short-term goals or low-risk investors.

12. Diversification is Key
Combine large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds for balanced growth.

Diversification reduces overall portfolio risk.

Allocate more to large-cap if risk tolerance is low.

Increase mid-cap and small-cap allocation for higher growth potential.

13. Review and Monitor Regularly
Regularly assess your portfolio's performance.

Adjust allocations based on changing goals or market conditions.

Consult a CFP to optimise and rebalance your investments.

Final Insights
Each mutual fund category serves specific purposes and risk profiles. Large-cap funds offer stability, mid-cap funds balance growth and risk, while small-cap funds provide high growth potential. Diversifying across these categories ensures balanced returns and managed risks. Work with a Certified Financial Planner to create and manage a portfolio tailored to your needs.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7888 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Feb 07, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Feb 07, 2025Hindi
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I am planning to invest monthly 10,000 in nifty ETF, 10,000Motilal Oswal NASDAQ 100 ETF, 8000 in Axis Midcap fund, 6,000 in Tata small cap Fund, 3,000 in SBI innovation Fund, 3000 in Tata consumer fund, 3,000 in Tata nifty 200 alpha 30 fund and 2,000 in Motilal oswal nifty 500 momentum 50 fund. I am planning to invest for next 25 years for my daughter's education and marriage. My risk appetite is high. Is above strategy or funds are good for maximum return? I am planning to deploy more whenever market corrects and hold investment for 25 years, will it work for maximize portfolio return?
Ans: Your long-term investment plan is well-structured and shows a strong commitment. Since your goal is to maximize returns for your daughter’s education and marriage, let’s evaluate your approach from multiple angles.

Investment Horizon and Discipline
A 25-year investment horizon is a strong advantage.
Staying invested through market cycles can help compound your wealth.
Adding more funds during market corrections is a smart approach.
Avoid panic selling during market downturns.
Disadvantages of Index ETFs
Index ETFs do not aim to beat the market.
They follow a fixed set of stocks, limiting growth potential.
Active funds adjust portfolios to maximize returns.
ETFs do not benefit from expert fund management.
Some ETFs struggle with liquidity and tracking errors.
Advantages of Actively Managed Funds
Fund managers select high-growth stocks.
They adjust portfolios based on market conditions.
Active funds can outperform indices over long periods.
Well-managed funds can deliver higher alpha.
Diversification within active funds helps reduce risk.
Portfolio Diversification
Your investments cover large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap segments.
Exposure to international markets adds diversification.
Including thematic and sectoral funds increases risk but can yield high returns.
A balanced mix of growth and stability is important.
Potential Portfolio Improvements
Reducing ETF allocation can improve long-term returns.
A mix of flexi-cap and focused funds can enhance growth.
Too many funds can dilute portfolio performance.
Reducing overlapping funds may improve efficiency.
Mid and small-cap allocation should align with your risk profile.
Investment Through a Certified Financial Planner
Direct plans lack expert guidance.
A Certified Financial Planner (CFP) helps in fund selection.
Portfolio rebalancing is crucial for maximizing returns.
Regular funds through a CFP provide structured wealth management.
Risk Management and Market Corrections
Market downturns are opportunities, not threats.
Investing extra during dips can boost returns.
Avoid over-concentration in a single asset type.
Ensure an emergency fund before deploying surplus.
Taxation Impact on Mutual Fund Returns
Long-term capital gains (LTCG) above Rs 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.
Short-term capital gains (STCG) are taxed at 20%.
International fund taxation differs from domestic equity funds.
Reviewing tax implications can optimize post-tax returns.
Inflation and Future Planning
Education costs will rise significantly over 25 years.
Inflation-adjusted returns matter more than absolute returns.
Staying invested in high-growth funds helps beat inflation.
Regular portfolio reviews ensure alignment with goals.
Final Insights
Your plan is strong but needs fine-tuning.
Reducing ETF exposure can improve long-term gains.
Active fund management provides better growth potential.
Investing through a Certified Financial Planner ensures structured wealth building.
Market corrections should be used strategically for additional investments.
Periodic review and rebalancing will keep your portfolio on track.
Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

T S Khurana

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Tax Expert - Answered on Feb 07, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jan 19, 2025Hindi
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My querry is income taxrelated . I am under zero tax liability. I am a housewife. Earlier about twenty year back , I applied for PAN card and for the first year filed IT return with income of about 1 lacs from petty jobs ( like stictching, tuition etc.). After that I never filed return. But I was investing in mutual fund. In A.Y. 2021-22, I had divided income of about 38000/- in which TDS was deducted. To get the refund, I filed IT return showing income of rs. 38,000/- FROM MF dividend and I got the refund. In A.Y. 2022-23, I did not filed return . for A.Y. 2023-24, I filed for 4.5 lacs and for A.Y. 2024-25, I filed IT return for 4.88 lacs and tax liability was zero. for both the year source of income was indicated as: income from other sources, (sticting, tuition etc). Now a few days ago, I received email for IT department: please file updated return for A.Y. 2022-23." I tried using utility form. Filing updated return will attract a fee of rs. 1000/-. Is it necessary to file updated return for A.Y. 2022-23. If I do not file the updated return, what are the complications.
Ans: 01. First of all, kindly confirm what was your Income during A/Y 2022-23.
02. If this income was less than Rs.2,50,000.00, you may not file your ITR.
03. If your income during this period was more than Rs.2,50,000.00, it is mandatory for you to file your ITR.
04. You may file Updated ITR, if para no.3 above is applicable in your case.
05. Otherwise write to IT Department that your income was below minimum taxable limit, as such you are not required to file ITR. In this case, you are not required to take any action on the mail of department.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7888 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Feb 07, 2025

Money
I am 47 years old and currently working in software, while my wife is employed with BSNL. Together, we have accumulated around ₹3 crore and are considering retirement. My wife is willing to continue working for another five years, but due to the pressure from my job, I am thinking of retiring now. We have a 14-year-old son, and I am happy to say that we have no outstanding loans. Additionally, we have health insurance coverage of ₹15 lakh, as well as personal and term insurance ₹1 crore. Below are the details of our savings: PPF: ₹32,65,920 FD: ₹20,60,820 Stocks, Mutual Funds & Company Stocks: ₹72,73,750 EPF: ₹69,98,400 Gold: ₹10,60,900 ICICI Pru: ₹15,14,240 Real Estate: ₹31,21,200 LIC: ₹21,63,200 HDFC ERGO: ₹3,30,750 Cash: ₹5,20,200 My Gratuity: ₹7,28,280 Wife Gratuity : ₹4,16,160 Given these savings, could you please advise if our corpus will be sufficient for retirement? Or would you recommend that I continue working for a few more years? I feel like I am ready to retire, but I need your guidance.
Ans: Your financial planning is already strong. You have a well-diversified portfolio, no liabilities, and a supportive spouse who is willing to work for five more years. This puts you in a comfortable position to consider early retirement. However, we need to assess whether your current corpus can sustain your retirement needs for the next several decades.

Assessing Your Current Financial Position
Your Age: 47 years
Wife’s Age: Not mentioned, but assuming similar age
Son’s Age: 14 years
Total Corpus: Around Rs. 3 crore
Health Insurance: Rs. 15 lakh coverage
Life Insurance: Rs. 1 crore term insurance
Wife’s Job Stability: Will continue for five more years
No Outstanding Loans: Financially stress-free situation
Your financial discipline is strong. However, early retirement requires careful planning to ensure long-term financial security.

Breakdown of Your Assets and Their Role in Retirement
1. Liquid and Fixed Income Assets
PPF: Rs. 32.65 lakh
Fixed Deposits: Rs. 20.60 lakh
EPF: Rs. 69.98 lakh
Cash: Rs. 5.20 lakh
These funds provide stability but have limited growth potential. They can help with short-term needs but should not be over-relied upon for long-term wealth creation.

2. Market-Linked Investments
Stocks, Mutual Funds & Company Stocks: Rs. 72.73 lakh
These investments can generate high long-term returns. However, market volatility can impact short-term liquidity. A proper withdrawal strategy is essential.

3. Precious Metals and Insurance Policies
Gold: Rs. 10.60 lakh (Good for diversification but should not be considered for regular income)
ICICI Pru: Rs. 15.14 lakh (If it is a ULIP or endowment plan, consider exiting)
LIC Policy: Rs. 21.63 lakh (Check surrender value and shift to better options if it’s a traditional plan)
HDFC ERGO: Rs. 3.30 lakh (Assuming this is a general insurance policy, it is not an investment asset)
4. Real Estate Holdings
Real Estate: Rs. 31.21 lakh
Real estate is an illiquid asset. It should not be relied upon for regular retirement income unless it is rental property generating passive cash flow.

5. Retirement Benefits
Your Gratuity: Rs. 7.28 lakh
Wife’s Gratuity: Rs. 4.16 lakh
These funds will be received at retirement and can act as a financial cushion.

Retirement Feasibility Analysis
1. Expected Expenses in Retirement
Your current expenses need to be evaluated. Retirement expenses may include:

Household expenses
Medical costs
Child’s education
Lifestyle expenses
Travel and leisure
Inflation will erode purchasing power. A corpus that looks sufficient today may not last 30+ years without proper planning.

Major future expenses:

Son’s higher education: Can range from Rs. 30-80 lakh depending on domestic or international education.
Medical expenses: As you age, medical costs will rise.
2. Income Sources Post-Retirement
Your wife’s salary for five more years provides financial support.
Your investments need to generate passive income.
Health insurance is in place but may need enhancement.
Life insurance (term plan) is for dependents, not for investment.
Key Action Points for a Secure Retirement
1. Decide Whether to Retire Now or Work a Few More Years
If you retire now:

You must rely on investments to cover expenses.
You need a withdrawal strategy to sustain a 30+ year retirement.
You must ensure your portfolio can beat inflation.
If you work for a few more years:

You can build a bigger corpus.
You can cover your son’s higher education expenses comfortably.
You can retire with more financial security.
2. Restructure Investments for Growth and Stability
Exit underperforming insurance policies. LIC, ICICI Pru, and any endowment or ULIP plans should be surrendered, and funds should be reinvested in mutual funds.
Enhance your equity exposure. Keep a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and hybrid funds for steady growth.
Increase debt exposure selectively. Use short-duration debt funds or bonds to generate stable returns.
Create a systematic withdrawal plan. This ensures a steady cash flow during retirement.
3. Build an Emergency and Health Fund
Keep at least two years’ expenses in a liquid fund. This helps manage any immediate financial needs.
Increase health insurance beyond Rs. 15 lakh. Medical inflation is high. Consider adding a super top-up plan.
4. Plan for Child’s Education
Keep a dedicated fund for your son’s education. A mix of mutual funds and fixed-income assets is ideal.
Ensure adequate coverage. If something happens to you, your son’s future should be secure.
5. Tax-Efficient Withdrawal Planning
Mutual fund capital gains taxation:
LTCG above Rs. 1.25 lakh is taxed at 12.5%.
STCG is taxed at 20%.
Debt fund taxation:
Gains are taxed as per your income slab.
PPF and EPF withdrawals are tax-free. These should be used strategically.
Finally
Retiring now is possible, but you must have a strong withdrawal plan.
If you work for a few more years, your retirement will be financially safer.
Reallocate low-return assets into high-growth investments.
Ensure medical and emergency funds are sufficient.
Plan your withdrawals tax-efficiently.
If you feel mentally ready to retire, you can do so with a clear financial strategy. However, working for a few more years will provide greater long-term stability.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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