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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7100 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 27, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Sharat Question by Sharat on May 27, 2024Hindi
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Thank you, Very Much Sir, I have Jeevan Saral Policy starting from 2010 to still now and its mature on September-2023, I have checked and surrender the value comes to Rs. 6 Lacs, overall, i check and confirm only 5 to 6% comes in LIC Policy. Please advise only 5 years remaining for maturity. Also, in My monthly income i can easily save Rs. 1.05 Lacs if consider Rs. 45k Monthly expense. Issue is I am from Market since long 15 years and Right Now Market is very high so its advisable to start a SIP. or invest on safe place like FD & RD. Can I increase NPS contribution Rs. 50 k to Rs. 1.50 LACS or invest in PPF account of Rs. 1.5 Lacs annually and also open a PPF account for daughter. Regards

Ans: Assessing Your Jeevan Saral Policy
It's commendable that you’re evaluating your investments. With only 5 years left on your Jeevan Saral policy, you should consider your options carefully.

Consider Surrendering Your Policy
Surrendering your Jeevan Saral policy now might be beneficial. You mentioned a surrender value of Rs. 6 lakhs, which could be reinvested for potentially higher returns.

Investing in Mutual Funds
Starting a SIP in mutual funds can be a wise choice, even if the market is high. Over the long term, mutual funds generally provide better returns than traditional savings options like FDs and RDs.

Increasing NPS Contribution
Increasing your NPS contribution from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 1.5 lakhs annually is a good move. It provides tax benefits and helps in building a substantial retirement corpus.

Investing in PPF
Investing Rs. 1.5 lakhs annually in a PPF account is a safe and tax-efficient option. Opening a PPF account for your daughter will also help in securing her future.

Balancing Your Portfolio
Diversify your investments between mutual funds, NPS, and PPF. This balance offers growth potential with safety, meeting both short-term and long-term financial goals.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7100 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 20, 2024

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I am having LIC of a 14 lakhs policy of Jeevan Anand paying premium of 71000. It's going to mature or complete it's 21years term. How much should I expect the maturity amount? Will I be be life covered post maturity amount withdrawal? Where should I invest this maturity amount?
Ans: Assessing Your LIC Jeevan Anand Policy
Understanding Maturity Amount
Your LIC Jeevan Anand policy is nearing the end of its 21-year term. Given a policy sum assured of ?14 lakhs and an annual premium of ?71,000, the maturity amount will include the sum assured along with any applicable bonuses. However, without specific bonus rates, an exact figure is challenging to determine. Generally, LIC policies like Jeevan Anand accrue bonuses over the years, which can significantly enhance the maturity amount.

Life Coverage Post Maturity
One key feature of the LIC Jeevan Anand policy is the continuation of life cover even after the maturity amount is paid out. This means you will still have a life cover equal to the sum assured (?14 lakhs) after the policy matures, providing continued financial security for your beneficiaries.

Investment Recommendations for Maturity Amount
Risk Assessment and Goals
Before deciding where to invest the maturity amount, consider your risk tolerance, financial goals, and investment horizon. Since the maturity amount is likely to be substantial, diversifying across various investment options is prudent.

Investment Options
1. Mutual Funds
Equity Mutual Funds: If you have a high-risk tolerance and a long-term investment horizon, consider equity mutual funds. They offer high growth potential but come with higher volatility.

Balanced or Hybrid Funds: For a moderate risk appetite, balanced funds invest in a mix of equities and debt, providing a balance of growth and stability.

Debt Mutual Funds: If you prefer low risk, debt funds are safer and provide regular income, suitable for short to medium-term goals.

2. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)
Consider investing a portion of the maturity amount in mutual funds through SIPs. This helps in averaging the purchase cost and reduces the impact of market volatility.

3. Public Provident Fund (PPF)
For long-term, risk-free investments, PPF is a good option. It offers attractive tax-free returns and has a lock-in period of 15 years, making it suitable for retirement planning.

4. National Pension System (NPS)
NPS is another long-term investment option, especially beneficial for retirement planning. It offers a mix of equity, corporate bonds, and government securities with tax benefits.

5. Fixed Deposits (FD)
If you seek safety and assured returns, consider investing a portion in fixed deposits. Although returns are lower compared to equity, FDs provide guaranteed income.

6. Gold
Investing in gold through Gold ETFs or Sovereign Gold Bonds can provide a hedge against inflation and add stability to your portfolio.

Diversified Portfolio Approach
High-Risk Investments: Allocate around 40-50% in equity mutual funds or direct stocks for high growth potential.

Moderate-Risk Investments: Allocate 20-30% in balanced funds or hybrid funds for balanced growth and stability.

Low-Risk Investments: Allocate 20-30% in debt funds, PPF, or FDs for assured returns and safety.

Alternative Investments: Allocate a small portion, around 5-10%, in gold or other alternative assets for diversification.

Conclusion
Upon maturity of your LIC Jeevan Anand policy, you will receive a significant lump sum. Continue benefiting from life coverage even after maturity. To optimize this maturity amount, diversify your investments across equity, debt, and alternative options based on your risk profile and financial goals. Regularly review and adjust your portfolio to stay aligned with your objectives.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7100 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 27, 2024

Money
Hi, my age is 40, I want to retire by 50 with Rs. 2 Crore of Corpus, Right Now i have Rs. 17 lacs in PF, Rs. 5 Lacs in NPS, Rs.1 Lacs in PPF and Home loan Completed this year. I have one LIC policy of Premium of Rs. 24000 Yearly. Now I don’t have single saving in my saving account. my monthly expense is 35k. I want to start from Zero. My monthly on hand salary is Rs. 1.5 Lacs and i am ready to take risk for Higher return. I have Jeevan Saral Policy starting from 2010 to still now and its mature on September-2023, I have checked and surrender the value comes to Rs. 6 Lacs, overall, i check and confirm only 5 to 6% comes in LIC Policy. Please advise only 5 years remaining for maturity. Also, in My monthly income i can easily save Rs. 1.05 Lacs if consider Rs. 45k Monthly expense. Issue is I am from Market since long 15 years and Right Now Market is very high so it’s advisable to start a SIP. or invest on safe place like FD & RD. Can I increase NPS contribution Rs 50 k to Rs. 1.50 lacs or invest in PPF account of Rs. 1.5 Lacs annually and also open a PPF account for daughter.
Ans: Building a Robust Retirement Plan: A Strategic Approach
Congratulations on completing your home loan! With no debts and a strong monthly income, you are in a great position to plan for retirement. Here’s a comprehensive strategy to achieve your goal of a Rs. 2 crore corpus by the age of 50.

Assessing Your Current Financial Health
Here’s a summary of your current financial standing:

Provident Fund (PF): Rs. 17 lakh
National Pension System (NPS): Rs. 5 lakh
Public Provident Fund (PPF): Rs. 1 lakh
LIC Policy: Surrender value Rs. 6 lakh
You have a solid foundation but need to optimize your investments to reach your goal.

Evaluating Your Current Investments
You have Rs. 6 lakh in an LIC policy with a return of 5-6%. Considering its low return, it might be wise to redirect this amount into higher-yielding investments. Surrendering it and reinvesting in better options could be beneficial.

Creating a Diversified Investment Strategy
Given your readiness to take risks for higher returns, a diversified approach is ideal. Here's how you can structure your investments:

Increasing Contributions to NPS and PPF
NPS: Increasing your contribution to Rs. 1.5 lakh annually can provide additional tax benefits and long-term growth. NPS is a good mix of equity and debt.
PPF: Maximizing your PPF contribution to Rs. 1.5 lakh annually ensures risk-free returns with tax benefits. Opening a PPF account for your daughter is also a good long-term strategy.
Investing in Mutual Funds
Starting a Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) in mutual funds is advisable despite current market levels. SIPs average out the cost over time, reducing market volatility risk. Actively managed funds can offer better returns than index funds due to professional management and strategic asset allocation.

Liquid Savings and Emergency Fund
Maintaining liquidity is crucial. Since you can save Rs. 1.05 lakh monthly, allocate a portion to build an emergency fund. Aim for 6-12 months' worth of expenses, i.e., Rs. 2.7 lakh to Rs. 5.4 lakh. This fund should be easily accessible, such as in a high-interest savings account or liquid mutual funds.

Tax Planning and Optimization
Maximize tax-saving investments to enhance returns. Utilize Section 80C benefits with investments in PPF, NPS, and ELSS funds. Consider tax-efficient investment options that offer higher post-tax returns.

Reviewing Insurance Coverage
You have term insurance for family protection, which is excellent. Ensure the coverage amount is adequate considering inflation and future needs. Health insurance provided by your company is beneficial, but consider a separate policy for comprehensive coverage during job transitions or retirement.

Rebalancing Your Portfolio
Regularly review and rebalance your portfolio to align with your risk tolerance and financial goals. As you approach retirement, gradually shift from high-risk equity investments to safer debt instruments to protect your corpus.

Financial Discipline and Monitoring
Maintain financial discipline by sticking to your savings plan. Regularly monitor your investments and adjust strategies as needed based on market conditions and life changes.

Retirement Corpus Calculation
Estimate the corpus required for a comfortable retirement by considering inflation, life expectancy, and desired lifestyle. Use retirement planning tools or consult a Certified Financial Planner for precise calculations.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP)
Upon retirement, implement a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) from your mutual fund investments. SWPs provide a steady income stream and tax efficiency, ensuring your corpus lasts longer.

Continuous Learning and Adaptation
Stay informed about financial markets and investment opportunities. Financial planning is dynamic; adapt your strategy based on changing economic conditions and personal circumstances.

Conclusion
Your financial health is solid with no debts and a high savings potential. By following a diversified investment strategy and maintaining financial discipline, you can achieve your goal of retiring with a Rs. 2 crore corpus by 50. Optimize tax savings, regularly review your portfolio, and adjust as necessary to stay on track.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7100 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 06, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jun 25, 2024Hindi
Money
Sir I have LIC jeevan saral policy running for last 10 years. If I surrender it today, I get 7.2 L. Please advice where should I invest it ( lumpsum or elsewhere), keeping a horizon of 5-10 years for maximum returns.
Ans: First of all, kudos to you for taking a proactive approach to managing your finances and considering how to best utilize your LIC Jeevan Saral policy surrender value. With Rs. 7.2 lakhs available for reinvestment, it's crucial to plan wisely, especially given your 5-10 year investment horizon.

Understanding Your Financial Goals
To start, let's define your goals more clearly. With a horizon of 5-10 years, it seems you’re looking to achieve significant growth without taking on excessive risk. Are you aiming for higher returns, steady growth, or a balance of both? Clarifying this will guide us in choosing the right investment strategy.

Assessing Risk Tolerance and Investment Strategy
Before diving into specific investment avenues, consider your risk tolerance. Since you have a medium-term horizon, you might be comfortable with a balanced approach that includes both growth and stability. Let’s look at some options that can provide good returns while balancing risk and security.

Investment Options for Rs. 7.2 Lakhs
1. Mutual Funds: A Balanced Portfolio
Mutual funds offer diversified exposure to various asset classes. Given your horizon, a mix of equity and debt funds can be optimal.

Equity Mutual Funds: These funds invest in stocks and have the potential for high returns. Over a 5-10 year period, equity mutual funds can outperform most traditional saving instruments. However, they come with higher volatility. Consider large-cap or multi-cap funds, which invest in well-established companies and provide stable growth.

Debt Mutual Funds: These funds invest in fixed-income securities like bonds and government securities. They offer lower but more stable returns compared to equity funds. Including debt funds can reduce overall portfolio volatility and provide some level of predictability. Options like corporate bond funds or dynamic bond funds could be suitable.

Balanced or Hybrid Funds: These funds invest in a mix of equity and debt. They aim to provide moderate returns with lower risk compared to pure equity funds. A balanced advantage fund or aggressive hybrid fund could be a good middle ground.

Advantages: Diversification, professional management, liquidity.

Disadvantages: Market risk, costs associated with fund management.

Strategy: You could allocate 60% to equity funds and 40% to debt funds to maintain a balanced approach. Review and rebalance the portfolio periodically to stay aligned with your goals.

2. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) in Mutual Funds
Instead of investing the entire Rs. 7.2 lakhs at once, you might consider spreading it over time through a SIP. This method averages out the purchase price and reduces the impact of market volatility.

SIP in Equity Funds: Allocate a portion of your capital to a SIP in equity mutual funds. This strategy leverages rupee cost averaging, where you buy more units when prices are low and fewer units when prices are high.

SIP in Hybrid Funds: If you prefer a slightly less aggressive approach, SIPs in hybrid funds can balance between equity and debt, providing stability while still offering growth potential.

Advantages: Reduces impact of market volatility, disciplined investing, and more manageable investments.

Disadvantages: May miss out on bulk investment gains if markets rise sharply.

Strategy: Allocate Rs. 3 lakhs for SIPs over the next 1-2 years while keeping the rest in liquid or short-term debt funds. This phased approach allows you to benefit from potential market corrections.

3. Direct Investment in Equity: For the Savvy Investor
If you are comfortable with direct stock market investing and have the knowledge or support, consider this option. You can invest in blue-chip stocks or companies with strong growth potential. This route requires more active monitoring and involvement.

Advantages: Potentially higher returns, control over stock selection.

Disadvantages: Higher risk, requires time and knowledge for management.

Strategy: If you decide to go this route, allocate no more than 20% of your corpus to direct equities to manage risk effectively. Diversify across sectors to mitigate company-specific risks.

4. Fixed Income Instruments: Stability and Predictability
For a safer bet, you might consider fixed income instruments like bank fixed deposits (FDs), Public Provident Fund (PPF), or non-convertible debentures (NCDs).

Bank FDs: They provide guaranteed returns and capital protection but may not keep up with inflation in the long run.

PPF: Offers tax benefits and decent returns with a 15-year lock-in period, but it can be withdrawn after 5 years for specific purposes.

NCDs: Typically offer higher returns than FDs but come with credit risk. Choose those with high credit ratings to minimize default risk.

Advantages: Lower risk, predictable returns, and safety.

Disadvantages: Lower returns compared to equity, limited growth potential.

Strategy: Consider putting 20-30% of your corpus in fixed income instruments to ensure stability and liquidity.

5. Gold: A Hedge Against Inflation
Gold has historically been a good hedge against inflation and currency fluctuations. Investing in gold ETFs or sovereign gold bonds can be a strategic part of a diversified portfolio.

Advantages: Safe haven in times of uncertainty, liquidity, and protection against inflation.

Disadvantages: No regular income, price volatility.

Strategy: Allocate up to 10% of your portfolio to gold to add a layer of safety and diversification.

Creating Your Investment Mix
Based on your risk tolerance and financial goals, here’s a suggested allocation:

Equity Mutual Funds (via SIP): 40% - Rs. 2.88 lakhs
Debt Mutual Funds: 30% - Rs. 2.16 lakhs
Fixed Income Instruments: 20% - Rs. 1.44 lakhs
Gold: 10% - Rs. 72,000
This diversified portfolio aims to balance growth with stability. Adjust the proportions based on your comfort and risk appetite.

Monitoring and Rebalancing
Investing isn’t a one-time activity. Regularly review your portfolio to ensure it aligns with your goals. Market conditions and personal circumstances change, so it's important to rebalance your investments periodically.

Annual Review: Check your portfolio’s performance and adjust as needed. Ensure that your asset allocation remains in line with your objectives.

Rebalance: If your equity investments grow significantly, they might exceed your target allocation. Rebalance by shifting some gains into debt or other safer assets.

How a CFP Can Help You with Your Rs. 7.2 Lakhs Investment
Assessment and Goal Setting:

A CFP will start by understanding your current financial situation, goals, and risk tolerance.
They will help you articulate your investment objectives and set realistic expectations for returns.
Portfolio Construction:

Based on your goals and risk profile, the CFP will recommend a diversified investment portfolio.
They will balance between growth-oriented investments (like equity mutual funds) and stable options (like debt funds and fixed-income instruments).
Tax Planning:

The CFP will suggest tax-efficient investment strategies to maximize your after-tax returns.
They will guide you on how to utilize tax-saving instruments effectively.
Ongoing Management and Rebalancing:

The CFP will monitor your portfolio regularly and suggest rebalancing to maintain your target asset allocation.
They will keep you updated on market trends and adjust your investments as needed.
Risk Management:

The CFP will help you understand the risks associated with different investments and recommend strategies to mitigate them.
They will ensure that your investment choices align with your risk tolerance.
Review and Adjustments:

Periodic reviews with your CFP will ensure that your investments remain aligned with your evolving financial goals.
They will make necessary adjustments based on changes in market conditions or your personal circumstances.
Conclusion
Reinvesting the surrender value of your LIC Jeevan Saral policy into a well-planned investment portfolio can significantly impact your financial future. Whether you opt for mutual funds, fixed income instruments, direct equities, or a combination, each option has its unique advantages and risks.

Consulting a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) can provide invaluable insights and tailored strategies to help you make informed decisions. A CFP’s expertise ensures that your investment plan is aligned with your financial goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon, ultimately leading to a more secure and prosperous financial future.

If you have further questions or need specific recommendations, feel free to reach out!

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

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Anu Krishna  |1321 Answers  |Ask -

Relationships Expert, Mind Coach - Answered on Nov 22, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jul 28, 2024Hindi
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Hi sir, I am 40 yr old having work-expereince of 10 yrs behind me in ITes, customer support & service, banking and sales & marketing (product). My life till now can easily be converted into a bollywood biopic having its own twist & turns, roadblocks, struggles laughter, joy and sorrow. Change is the only constant in life and that exactly applies in my case. Although it has been a satisfactorily life till now given that I know myself and how I lead my life. Whenever I start to read something new I feel like going deep into it. I am also easily attracted to novel things & concepts. I usually get into procastination mode whenever I come across something entirely new and start to imagine myself trying it out in realilty.Why does this happens? Why can't I focus on one single thing at a time and see it to completion? I know in todays world generalists are looked down upon and it is an era of specialists, experts and professionals having good domain knowledge of their area of work. It is always better to be an expert than be a jack of all trades (which seems very filmy nowadays where a hero is expected to do everything on his own). Lately I have developed an avid interest in technology and i keep on reading various articles & books on IT and technology. I am also pursuing an online cyber security course from Great Learning Institute, Bangalore. I want to know am I going in the correct direction in life or is it something else I should do which ensures more satisfaction in life? Lately, I have become bit irriiated as well due to the above reasons as I tend to do multiple things at a time (multitasking). My parents are also fed up of me now. My mother keeps nagging me all day.I dont know how to really deal with her, as she always finds perfection in everything. That becomes too much at times. Does this happens in every household? Should I go out and travel to some place in order to temporarily escape from all this? Kindly suggest me some course of action. Pls answer. Thanks
Ans: Dear Anonymous,
You will be distracted and keep trying new things until you actually figure out what you want for yourself in life.
- How does you life seem like a few years down the line?
- What must you do NOW to actually get to where you want in life?

And to answer these questions, you first need to identify a strong, solid goal in life. Either you work with a mentor or your boss or a friend or an expert who can help you identify your goal and purpose. That might help you stay the course and actually streamline your thoughts, your job and your daily life.
Travel used for learning is great but using it to escape only worsens things...So, work on Goal-Setting!

All the best!
Anu Krishna
Mind Coach|NLP Trainer|Author
Drop in: www.unfear.io
Reach me: Facebook: anukrish07/ AND LinkedIn: anukrishna-joyofserving/

...Read more

Anu

Anu Krishna  |1321 Answers  |Ask -

Relationships Expert, Mind Coach - Answered on Nov 22, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Nov 16, 2024Hindi
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Relationship
Hi , I am a professor mech engineer , after death of my wife and due to having 5 year girl baby I planned for 2 nd marriage as I live alone away from home town because my of job with my little baby . I accepted a widow having 2 child ,she was working in a govt job 250 km away , after ensuring and agreeing her possibility of transfer and job vacancy @govt office near my house and ensuring she agreed that she will come to live with me along with her 2 kids and my little baby as her trasfer was due in comming few months . We lived apart during her job at 250 km away.,while meeting on weekly offs 6 /7 time in 6 months , then she take 360 degree u turn and said she will not get job transfer to my place and get her trasfer in other dept. in same previous office. And started telling many reasons like she will loose her children's inheritance in her in-laws property ,she will loose promotion , kids Don't want trasfer , and said we will live apart forever . This was contradictory to earlier agreed things .and my my purpose to live in family with my baby not fulfilled , so after long ruckus ,I mutually got divorce from her , Then After divorce I decided to marry non working women having no child and don't expect child as I am @48 year old and tired of living alone and managing job ,girl , house chores . I married to a divorcee girl from Pune ,she was BA first year college drop out girl of 44 yr age after 6 months of long dating on week ends . During 6 months I tried to know her indepth but was don't used to talk much as I was trying to know her true nature, we visited many places ,movies . She seemed perfect as per my requirement of girl wanting no child , and she is house wife . after marriage she behave well for 1 st week ,then she started trouble to hate my baby ( became kaikai )on pety things , she want my baby to house chores at the cost of her important year of 10th std study . She don't liked me taking tution of girl , she didn't like if I help my girl any way . She don't like if I spent some money on my girl . She used to fight all night and don't let me sleep . Now she stated demanding that she want baby , though I was against and b4 marriage agreed to not have any more child due to old age ,cost ,and no personal time for self , then I agreed to have child but b4 that I got her and my fertility tested ,she had weak eggs and syst on her reproductive organs and doc warned to not go for pregnancy due to risk and probability of unhealthy baby birth , but she kept repeating That she want child we consulted 4 Drs. She used to fight and go to her mother's home for 2/4 months after living with me for 2/3 days only . Now she wants divorce , and asks me to keep my girl in hostel if I want her in my life . This Ramayan has left me baffled , What should I do ??? .....
Ans: Dear Anonymous,
The reason to marry for you mainly has been companionship, a mother for your daughter...
And marriage is not a transaction BUT a meeting of minds...when there is no compatibility, there is no space for agreeing on the same things or wanting to make things work which is possibly what has happened with your 2nd and 3rd marriage.
If you want this marriage to work, there has to be an equal commitment by both of you, so, start by emotionally bonding first. Slowly build on this by making goals for the marriage and the future...your only goal can't be mother for your child...not all women are going to readily accept this and some may even falter along the way. Allow the lady and your daughter to bond together for sometime so they develop a unique relationship...
Understand that transactional relationships do not last; so, invest enough time in building trust in that companionship for it to become something meaningful

All the best!
Anu Krishna
Mind Coach|NLP Trainer|Author
Drop in: www.unfear.io
Reach me: Facebook: anukrish07/ AND LinkedIn: anukrishna-joyofserving/

...Read more

Anu

Anu Krishna  |1321 Answers  |Ask -

Relationships Expert, Mind Coach - Answered on Nov 22, 2024

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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