Dear Sir, I am very grateful for your detailed clarification on my business cycle Mutual funds question. With best regards - Dr Chandra mouli Bhogu

Ans: Hello,

To begin with, thank you for contacting us. I am glad to know that your son is currently studying in the final year of B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering at VIT Chennai post which he is looking to pursue his higher education in Europe. You would be glad to know that a number of outstanding choices for postgraduate studies in Computer Science are offered across Europe, especially in nations such as Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. There are a number of leading universities that are renowned for their robust research output, industry partnerships, and global student assistance. These include ETH Zurich (Switzerland), TU Munich and RWTH Aachen (Germany), University of Amsterdam and TU Delft (Netherlands). Given that your son is in his final year, I would suggest that he starts preparing right away- as the majority of application deadlines fall between November and January for programs commencing in the following September.

Coming to the application procedure, this generally entails submitting academic transcripts, scores of English language proficiency tests like the IELTS or TOEFL, a Statement of Purpose (SOP), recommendation letters, and a Curriculum Vitae (CV). Even though a number of programs are instructed in English, a fundamental understanding of the local language may also be required in certain countries like Germany. Next, I would like to let you know that costs differ to a great extent: minimal or tuition-free education is offered at public universities in Germany or certain Nordic nations, whereas Switzerland or the Netherlands may charge between €8,000–€20,000 annually. Scholarships such as Erasmus+, DAAD (Germany), and particular university-based grants offer monetary assistance, and thus, I would suggest that your son looks into and applies for the same as soon as possible.

For more information, you can visit our website: www.edwiseinternational.com

You can also follow us on our Instagram page: edwiseint

Ans: With an OBC-NCL rank of 30,000 in JEE Main 2025, securing admission to MNIT Jaipur is challenging but not impossible, particularly with your female and Rajasthan domicile status. MNIT Jaipur's home state (HS) OBC-NCL cutoffs for 2024 typically ranged from 2,000-13,000 across various engineering branches, with core branches like CSE closing around 2,184 and Civil Engineering at 10,919. Your rank of 30,000 falls beyond these cutoffs, making direct admission difficult. However, your female quota provides an advantage, as OBC-NCL female seats historically have different cutoffs. Among NITs, IIITs, and GFTIs accessible through CSAB counselling with your rank, strong options include NIT Mizoram (OBC-NCL closing ranks around 16,000-18,000), NIT Sikkim (accepting ranks up to 20,000-25,000), NIT Agartala (OBC-NCL cutoffs around 20,000-25,000), IIIT Bhagalpur (OBC-NCL CSE closing around 28,000-30,000), IIIT Dharwad (OBC-NCL cutoffs around 25,000-35,000), IIIT Kottayam (OBC-NCL closing around 12,000-15,000), IIIT Manipur (OBC-NCL ranks extending to 30,000+), IIIT Raichur (OBC-NCL around 25,000-30,000), and select GFTIs like BIT Deoghar off-campus and Assam University Silchar.

Recommendation While MNIT Jaipur admission is unlikely with your current rank, focus on CSAB counselling for excellent alternatives: prioritize IIIT Bhagalpur CSE, IIIT Dharwad CSE, and NIT Mizoram for solid technical education with your OBC-NCL and female quotas maximizing admission chances. All the BEST for Admission & a Prosperous Future!

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Ans: Hello dear.
Chances are slim for GMC/SemiGMC with the mentioned category and quota. Try with state counseling in some private colleges.

Good luck.
Follow me if you receive this reply.
Radheshyam

Ans: Hello dear.
Prefer VIT Vellore if possible.

Good luck.
Follow me if you receive this reply.
Radheshyam

Ans: With a 96.4 percentile in MHT-CET (General-All India), your son is assured admission to numerous reputable Mumbai and Pune institutes whose CSE closing percentiles fall below his score. These colleges combine NBA/NAAC accreditation, modern AI/ML and networking labs, active placement cells achieving 75–90% branch-wise placements over three years, strong industry tie-ups, and supportive campus environments. Fifteen institutions in Maharashtra where admission in CSE is guaranteed for a 96.4 percentile include College of Engineering Pune (Shivajinagar, Pune); Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (Matunga, Mumbai); Sardar Patel College of Engineering (Andheri West, Mumbai); Pioneer Institute of Technology (Bhosari, Pune); Maharashtra Institute of Technology (WPU campus, Pune); Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering (Nigdi, Pune); Sinhgad Institute of Technology & Science (Lonavala, Pune); DY Patil College of Engineering (Akurdi, Pune); Pune Institute of Computer Technology (Tathawade, Pune); Army Institute of Technology (Dighi, Pune); Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering (Katraj, Pune); Reva University (off-campus CSE & Business Systems, Jayanagar, Bangalore); Acharya Institute of Technology (Soladevarabetta, Bangalore); RNS Institute of Technology (Channasandra, Bangalore); and BMS Institute of Technology & Management (Yelahanka, Bangalore).

Through CSAB counselling based on a 95 percentile JEE-Main score, strong CSE admission prospects exist at NIT Goa; NIT Durgapur; NIT Puducherry; IIIT Dharwad; IIIT Bhagalpur; IIIT Kottayam; IIIT Naya Raipur; IIIT Manipur; BIT Deoghar (off-campus CSE); and PEC Chandigarh.

Recommendation For MHT-CET choices, prioritize COEP Pune and VJTI Mumbai for top-tier CSE programmes, then PICT Pune, SPCE Mumbai, and MIT WPU Pune to balance cutoffs with infrastructure. For CSAB, lock IIIT Dharwad CSE first, followed by IIIT Bhagalpur, PEC Chandigarh, IIIT Kottayam, and NIT Goa to maximize CSE admission certainty. (About Newton School of Technology in Brief: Newton School of Technology’s four-year B.Tech in Computer Science & AI is UGC-approved via Rishihood University, delivered on a 25-acre residential campus with AI/ML labs, six-month industry internships, and mentorship by tech-firm experts. Its curriculum emphasizes hands-on projects and global tech-hub exposure, but the programme’s steep total fees and relative newness may challenge budget and long-term alumni support. Placement assistance holds around 40–50% conversion in core CS roles, reflecting early-stage recruiting dynamics.) All the BEST for Admission & a Prosperous Future!

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Ans: Guru, Please elaborate your 2nd part of the question, i.e., VIT-AP with ZERO Fee.

Ans: You are 45 years old with two daughters. You earn Rs 2 lakh per month. This gives you a good platform to plan your future. You are in a strong position to create wealth, protect your family, and plan for your daughters’ goals.

Let’s build a full strategy to help you grow, protect, and secure your money.

? Understand Your Financial Goals

– Begin with listing your life goals.
– Think about short-term, medium-term and long-term goals.
– Children's education and marriage will need focused planning.
– Retirement planning is also very important at this stage.
– Emergency fund, home upgrade, travel, and medical needs should also be covered.

? Assess Your Current Situation

– You earn Rs 2 lakh monthly. This gives financial comfort.
– You must know your current savings, investments, loans, and expenses.
– Keep track of your monthly surplus after regular expenses.
– This surplus is the base for your wealth building.

? Emergency Fund Must Be in Place

– Set aside 6 to 12 months’ expenses in liquid form.
– Keep it in a savings account, sweep-in F.D, or liquid mutual fund.
– Do not mix emergency funds with long-term investments.
– This gives peace of mind in job loss or health issues.

? Health Insurance and Term Insurance

– Take a family floater health insurance if not already done.
– Ensure it covers at least Rs 10 to 15 lakh.
– Even if employer gives group cover, buy your own.
– Also take a pure term insurance plan for yourself.
– It should cover at least 12–15 times your annual income.
– Avoid insurance-cum-investment plans. Returns are very poor in such policies.

? Review Existing LIC or ULIP Policies

– If you hold LIC endowment, money-back or ULIP policies, review them now.
– Most such policies give very low returns, often below 5% per year.
– Surrender such plans after checking surrender value and exit charges.
– Reinvest the money in mutual funds for better growth.
– Protecting family is best done through term insurance, not investment-linked policies.

? Asset Allocation: The Core of Investment Strategy

– Asset allocation gives stability and better returns over time.
– At 45 years of age, a balanced allocation is preferred.
– Around 60% can be in equity, 30% in debt, and 10% in gold.
– You can adjust based on your risk comfort.
– This mix balances growth and safety.

? Monthly SIPs for Long-Term Wealth Creation

– Start SIPs in mutual funds every month from your surplus.
– Equity mutual funds can help in long-term goals like retirement.
– SIPs create discipline and reduce risk through rupee cost averaging.
– Select actively managed funds. Avoid index funds and ETFs.
– Index funds just mirror markets. They don’t adjust in down cycles.
– Active funds have expert managers. They take better decisions in changing markets.
– Avoid direct plans if investing by yourself.
– Direct plans save on cost but lack guidance.
– Invest through regular plans via MFDs with CFP credentials.
– This gives you regular reviews and personal advice.

? Plan for Daughters’ Education

– You have two daughters. Their higher education needs careful planning.
– Estimate the cost based on current fees and inflation.
– Use mutual funds for this goal.
– Allocate to equity funds if time horizon is more than 5 years.
– Closer to goal, shift to safer debt funds.
– Start SIPs with goal-linked amounts.
– Track progress every 6 months. Adjust if needed.

? Plan for Daughters’ Marriage

– Marriage is another major goal.
– Keep a separate investment plan for this.
– You can use balanced mutual funds if the timeline is 7 to 10 years.
– Avoid gold jewellery purchases now.
– Invest in digital gold or gold mutual funds for liquidity and growth.

? Retirement Planning Starts Now

– You still have 15 years to retire.
– That is a good time frame to build your retirement corpus.
– Use equity mutual funds to build wealth.
– SIPs, lumpsum investments, and bonuses should be directed to retirement.
– Have a clear retirement goal in mind.
– Consider expected lifestyle cost post-retirement.
– Don’t depend only on PPF or F.Ds for this goal.

? Avoid Real Estate as Investment

– Real estate gives poor liquidity and high entry costs.
– It also needs high maintenance and may stay idle.
– Rental yield is low.
– You already have a steady income. You don’t need rental income dependency.
– So avoid new real estate purchases as an investment tool.

? Tax Efficiency in Investments

– Mutual funds offer better tax-adjusted returns than F.Ds.
– Equity mutual funds held for more than 1 year have LTCG tax of 12.5% over Rs 1.25 lakh.
– Short-term gains in equity funds are taxed at 20%.
– Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.
– So plan your holding period smartly.
– Avoid frequent selling of mutual funds.

? Avoid Annuities and Guaranteed Return Products

– Annuities give very low returns.
– They also lack flexibility and have long lock-ins.
– Many insurance-linked guarantees are mis-sold.
– Avoid such low-yield, high-lock products.

? Use Goal-Based Investment Buckets

– Split your investments based on goals, not random SIPs.
– One SIP bucket for retirement, one for education, one for marriage, etc.
– This helps in clarity and focused tracking.
– Each goal has different risk and time frame.

? Avoid Risky Investment Behaviour

– Don’t chase hot tips or latest trends.
– Avoid crypto, futures, options, or direct equity without expertise.
– Stay away from unknown apps or schemes promising fixed monthly returns.
– Stick to proven, regulated, and guided products.

? Gold Allocation for Stability

– Around 5–10% of your portfolio can be in gold.
– Use gold mutual funds or sovereign gold bonds.
– Avoid physical gold for investment.

? Review and Rebalance Every Year

– Portfolio review is a must once in 6 to 12 months.
– Rebalance asset allocation if it shifts from target.
– For example, equity may grow to 70% from 60%.
– Rebalance it back to 60%.
– Review performance of funds too. Replace if lagging continuously.

? Estate Planning and Nomination

– Create a Will.
– Ensure all your investments and accounts have nominations.
– Share investment details with spouse or trusted person.
– This keeps things smooth for the family later.

? Work with a Certified Financial Planner

– You have many responsibilities and goals.
– A Certified Financial Planner helps you with a 360-degree plan.
– They offer customised strategies, regular tracking, and course correction.
– Investing without guidance often leads to mistakes.
– A planner ensures you stay on track for every goal.

? Finally

– You are financially sound at age 45.
– With structured planning, you can build wealth for your future.
– Use equity mutual funds for long-term growth.
– Avoid index funds, direct plans, and real estate.
– Invest through regular funds with help from an MFD-CFP.
– Secure your family with term and health cover.
– Build goal-based SIPs and keep rebalancing.
– Stay disciplined and track regularly.
– This approach will bring financial peace for you and your family.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: A regular pension of Rs 1.25 lakh, along with F.D and PPF backup, gives good financial security. The Rs 60 lakh amount now can be used for growth and support. A focused, balanced strategy will help you gain high returns over 5 to 6 years.

Let us create a detailed plan step-by-step.

? Understand Your Risk Profile

– You are a recent retiree. Capital safety must be your first goal.
– However, your regular pension and backups allow for some equity exposure.
– You can aim for moderate growth, not aggressive.
– Avoid high-risk choices like direct stocks or crypto.

? Clear Purpose for the Rs 60 Lakh

– Keep your investment goal clear: growth over 5–6 years.
– Do not use this amount for any emergency use.
– Your emergency fund should be in F.D or savings account.

? Asset Allocation Strategy

– Diversifying is the key. Avoid putting all Rs 60 lakh in one place.
– A balanced approach between equity and debt is more suitable.
– 60% equity and 40% debt may suit your risk profile.
– This gives return potential along with capital safety.

? Equity Portion: Use Actively Managed Mutual Funds

– Allocate Rs 36 lakh (60%) to equity mutual funds.
– Use diversified, actively managed funds. Avoid index and ETF funds.
– Index funds just copy the market. They cannot beat the market.
– Actively managed funds are handled by professionals.
– These fund managers aim to beat the market through research.
– Avoid direct plans. They may look cheaper, but lack proper guidance.
– Regular plans via MFDs with CFP credentials offer personalised help.
– They guide, review, and suggest changes at the right time.

? Debt Portion: Use Debt Mutual Funds and Short-Term Instruments

– Allocate Rs 24 lakh (40%) to debt funds and other fixed options.
– Avoid locking entire debt money in F.D for long periods.
– Use short-duration debt mutual funds for better tax efficiency.
– Debt funds may give slightly better post-tax returns than F.Ds.
– Use laddering – keep part of the money maturing every year.
– This gives liquidity and reduces reinvestment risk.

? Stay Away from Index Funds and Direct Plans

– Index funds follow a passive style.
– They cannot handle market risks actively.
– When markets fall, index funds fall blindly.
– Actively managed funds protect better during such times.
– Direct plans may save 1% in cost, but they miss expert help.
– Regular plans through a qualified MFD-CFP give long-term support.
– This support matters more than just lower cost.

? Tax Treatment for Mutual Funds (As per latest rules)

– If you sell equity mutual funds after 1 year, gains over Rs 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.
– Short-term gains (within 1 year) in equity are taxed at 20%.
– For debt mutual funds, both short-term and long-term gains are taxed as per your slab.
– So stagger your withdrawals after 1 year for tax savings.

? Do You Have Any ULIPs or Traditional LIC Policies?

– You have mentioned LIC policy on retirement.
– Please check if this is a maturity benefit from a traditional plan or ULIP.
– If you still hold any ULIP or traditional insurance policy, assess the returns.
– These products give low returns, often below 5-6% per year.
– If you still hold such low-return policies, consider surrendering.
– Reinvest that amount in mutual funds with better growth potential.

? Inflation Protection

– F.Ds and PPF offer fixed returns. But they may not beat inflation over long term.
– Equity exposure is important to protect against inflation.
– Keeping money only in safe but low-return options may reduce wealth over time.
– So some part of your money must grow faster than inflation.

? Keep a 6-Year Timeline in Mind

– Since your investment goal is 5 to 6 years, plan exit from equity slowly.
– Start reducing equity exposure by the end of 4th year.
– Move funds to safer options step-by-step.
– This avoids risk of sudden market fall near your target year.

? Rebalancing Strategy

– Once every year, review your portfolio allocation.
– If equity grows more than expected, rebalance back to 60:40.
– Rebalancing locks gains and maintains your risk level.
– This review should be done with the help of a certified MFD or CFP.

? Stay Away from High-Risk or Locked-In Products

– Do not invest in corporate bonds directly without expert guidance.
– Avoid any new-age fintech schemes that promise high return.
– Do not put money in PMS or private equity schemes.
– Avoid NPS for now, as your retirement is already active and NPS has lock-in.
– Do not consider real estate again. It has high cost and low liquidity.

? Do Not Over-Depend on PPF

– PPF is a good tax-free option. But its limit is only Rs 1.5 lakh per year.
– You already have backup in PPF. Don’t allocate more now.
– Use mutual funds for better flexibility and growth.

? Be Careful with F.D Renewals

– Renew your F.Ds only after checking the latest interest rates.
– Do not keep all F.Ds in one bank. Use 2–3 reputed banks.
– Keep maturity dates spread over different years.
– Consider shifting some F.Ds to debt funds if tax slab is high.

? Monitor Your Investments

– Don’t keep your investments idle.
– Review at least once in 6 months.
– Watch fund performance, market outlook and interest rates.
– Rebalance if asset allocation shifts too much.

? Estate Planning and Nomination

– You are now retired, so estate planning becomes very important.
– Ensure all your investments have correct nominations.
– Make a Will and keep your family informed.
– This avoids legal issues later.

? Discuss with Certified MFD-CFP

– Your investment journey now needs professional guidance.
– Discuss your total assets, tax needs and future support needs.
– A Certified Financial Planner will build a full retirement plan for you.
– They will ensure proper risk, return, tax and liquidity balance.
– This plan will keep your wealth safe and growing.

? Finally

– You already have regular pension and good financial base.
– The Rs 60 lakh can now work for your wealth growth.
– Use a smart mix of equity and debt mutual funds.
– Avoid index funds, direct funds, ULIPs and real estate.
– Keep monitoring and adjusting with expert guidance.
– This way you will enjoy your retired life peacefully and confidently.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Chemical Engineering at premier Institutes of National Importance marries rigorous fundamentals in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, reaction engineering, process control, and mass transfer with cutting-edge interdisciplinary domains such as biochemical engineering, energy sustainability, and nanomaterials. Leading IITs—Bombay, Delhi, Madras, Kanpur, and Kharagpur—boast world-class research laboratories (e.g., IIT Bombay’s Polymer, Reaction Engineering, and SoFT labs; IIT Kanpur’s nano-technology and complex fluids facilities; IIT Madras’s pilot-plant and advanced materials centres), small cohort sizes, and faculty who publish extensively in high-impact journals. Placement consistency across IIT Chemical branches typically exceeds 80–90% over the past three years, with average packages ranging from ?15–19 LPA at IIT Madras and IIT Hyderabad, and 70–80% core-sector hiring complemented by roles in consulting and analytics. NITs such as Trichy and Warangal maintain comparable on-campus placement rates of 90–92% for Chemical Engineering, supported by robust industry linkages with Reliance, IOCL, and Larsen & Toubro. Academic rigour fosters strong analytical skills but entails heavy workloads and fewer core-chemical recruiters compared to mechanical or electrical disciplines, limiting options for some students. Emerging programmes emphasize machine learning-driven process optimization and green chemistry, yet departmental expansion can strain lab resources and mentorship availability. Infrastructure may vary across NITs, with newer campuses offering fewer pilot-scale units. Overall, Chemical Engineering from IITs and top NITs equips graduates for diverse roles—from petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals to environmental engineering and data-driven process analytics—while demanding sustained commitment to complex mathematical modelling and experimental research.

Recommendation: Graduates seeking research-intensive or high-impact process design careers should prioritise IIT Bombay or IIT Kanpur for their advanced laboratories and mentorship, followed by NIT Trichy or NIT Warangal for balanced academia-industry exposure. Opt for IIT Madras if global placements and pilot-plant experience are decisive; choose IIT Delhi for strong consultancy and analytics pathways. Follow RediffGURUS to Know More on 'Careers | Money | Health | Relatinships'.