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Mihir

Mihir Tanna  |1090 Answers  |Ask -

Tax Expert - Answered on Feb 16, 2023

Mihir Ashok Tanna, who works with a well-known chartered accountancy firm in Mumbai, has more than 15 years of experience in direct taxation.
He handles various kinds of matters related to direct tax such as PAN/ TAN application; compliance including ITR, TDS return filing; issuance/ filing of statutory forms like Form 15CB, Form 61A, etc; application u/s 10(46); application for condonation of delay; application for lower/ nil TDS certificate; transfer pricing and study report; advisory/ opinion on direct tax matters; handling various income-tax notices; compounding application on show cause for TDS default; verification of books for TDS/ TCS/ equalisation levy compliance; application for pending income-tax demand and refund; charitable trust taxation and compliance; income-tax scrutiny and CIT(A) for all types of taxpayers including individuals, firms, LLPs, corporates, trusts, non-resident individuals and companies.
He regularly represents clients before the income tax authorities including the commissioner of income tax (appeal).... more
Asked by Anonymous - Feb 15, 2023Hindi
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Is it better to still invest in NPS with contribution above (PPF+NPS) 750,000 being taxed...

Ans: Every person should have mix basket of Investment with some portion of secured investment. PPF+NPS - still one of the best secured and constant growing investment avenue.
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 17, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jun 16, 2024Hindi
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Hello sir, My current epf is 10k monthly and 30k annually in ppf. Thus cealing my 80c to 1.5lakhs. I am thinking of starting an NPS of 10k as well for my retirement. Will this 10k of nps be taxable as as i have already capped my 80c i know i have 50k more deductable in 80ccd for nps. But since total will be 120k annually thus wanted to understand if these will be taxable? And will it effect my return after 30 years. As of now i am 30 years old
Ans: You contribute Rs 10,000 monthly to EPF and Rs 30,000 annually to PPF. This totals Rs 1.5 lakhs under Section 80C.

Considering NPS Contribution
You plan to start contributing Rs 10,000 monthly to NPS for retirement. This would amount to Rs 1.2 lakhs annually.

Tax Implications
Section 80C and 80CCD
Your contributions under Section 80C are already maxed out at Rs 1.5 lakhs. However, Section 80CCD(1B) allows an additional Rs 50,000 deduction specifically for NPS contributions.

Taxability of NPS Contribution
The Rs 1.2 lakhs NPS contribution is partly deductible. Rs 50,000 can be claimed under Section 80CCD(1B). The remaining Rs 70,000 will be taxable.

Effect on Return
Long-Term Growth Potential
NPS has a mix of equity and debt investments. This helps in balanced growth. Over 30 years, NPS can grow significantly due to compounding.

Withdrawal Rules
At retirement, 60% of NPS corpus is tax-free. The remaining 40% must be used to purchase an annuity. The annuity income is taxable.

Advantages of NPS
Additional Tax Benefits
NPS offers an extra Rs 50,000 deduction under Section 80CCD(1B). This is over and above the Rs 1.5 lakhs under Section 80C.

Long-Term Growth
NPS investments benefit from compounding. The mix of equity and debt can provide balanced returns.

Retirement Security
NPS provides a steady income post-retirement through annuities.

Disadvantages of NPS
Taxability of Annuity
The annuity income from NPS is taxable. This can reduce your net returns in retirement.

Withdrawal Restrictions
NPS has strict withdrawal rules. Partial withdrawals are allowed only for specific purposes before retirement.

Final Insights
Your current EPF and PPF contributions maximize Section 80C benefits. Starting an NPS contribution of Rs 10,000 monthly is a good idea. You get an additional Rs 50,000 deduction under Section 80CCD(1B). However, the remaining Rs 70,000 will be taxable. NPS has long-term growth potential but comes with some tax implications. Plan your investments considering both the benefits and restrictions of NPS.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Oct 07, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Oct 04, 2024Hindi
Money
Hi Vivek, my question is around retirement saving taxation and if one should invest in NPS based on the same. So like anyone with Basic of 41L annual, already has EPF of 5.9L. NPS at 14% means 6.9L, and so the total retirement contribution = 12.8L annually. So should NPS be considered? If yes how much annually?
Ans: At a basic annual salary of Rs 41 lakh, your retirement contributions through EPF and the National Pension System (NPS) are substantial. The current Rs 5.9 lakh from EPF and Rs 6.9 lakh from NPS (at 14% employer contribution) amount to Rs 12.8 lakh annually. Now, the critical question arises: should you further invest in NPS? Let’s evaluate this in detail.

Understanding Your Current Contributions
1. EPF Contributions
The Employees' Provident Fund (EPF) provides a safe and relatively high-interest-bearing retirement savings option. Your EPF contribution of Rs 5.9 lakh annually is a good start toward securing your retirement.

2. NPS Contributions at 14%
The employer contribution to NPS at 14% results in an additional Rs 6.9 lakh towards your retirement savings. NPS, being a market-linked investment, has the potential to grow at a higher rate than EPF, depending on the asset allocation and fund performance.

3. Total Retirement Contribution
With Rs 12.8 lakh already allocated annually, you have a substantial amount being set aside for your retirement. However, you might still want to consider whether this will be enough to meet your long-term goals, factoring in inflation and your future expenses.

Should You Invest More in NPS?
1. Tax Benefits of NPS
NPS provides attractive tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1B), where you can claim an additional Rs 50,000 tax deduction. This is over and above the Rs 1.5 lakh allowed under Section 80C. However, since NPS withdrawals are partially taxed, you need to consider the tax impact on maturity. At retirement, 60% of the NPS corpus is tax-free, while the remaining 40% must be used to purchase an annuity, which is taxable as per your slab.

2. Balancing Tax Savings with Liquidity
While NPS offers tax savings during the accumulation phase, the lack of liquidity and the mandatory annuitisation on retirement limit your control over the funds. If liquidity during retirement is important to you, you may want to reconsider how much more to invest in NPS.

Diversifying Beyond NPS
1. Equity and Debt Mutual Funds
If you are looking for more flexibility and control over your investments, mutual funds offer a better alternative. With a wide range of options in equity, hybrid, and debt funds, you can align your portfolio with your risk appetite. Unlike NPS, mutual funds provide easier access to your funds, should the need arise before retirement.

2. Benefits of Actively Managed Mutual Funds
By investing through regular mutual funds with the guidance of a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), you benefit from active fund management. This allows you to maximise your returns while minimising risks, unlike passive investments such as index funds that lack the flexibility to adjust to market conditions.

Limitations of NPS
1. Taxation at Maturity
As mentioned earlier, while NPS contributions provide tax relief during the accumulation phase, the maturity proceeds are partially taxed. The 40% annuitisation is a significant limitation, as it locks in your funds and subjects the annuity income to your regular tax slab.

2. Lack of Liquidity
NPS does not provide the same level of liquidity as mutual funds. Once invested, your money is locked in until retirement, with only limited withdrawals allowed under specific circumstances like medical emergencies or home purchase.

How Much to Invest Annually?
1. Additional NPS Contributions
If you decide to invest more in NPS, you can contribute an additional Rs 50,000 annually to avail yourself of the tax benefit under Section 80CCD(1B). However, whether to invest more than this amount depends on your overall retirement strategy and liquidity requirements.

2. Diversification Strategy
Instead of increasing your NPS contribution beyond Rs 50,000, you might consider diversifying your retirement savings across different asset classes. A well-balanced portfolio with a mix of equity, debt, and hybrid funds, along with your existing EPF and NPS, will help you achieve your financial goals while managing risks effectively.

Taxation and Withdrawal Planning
1. Managing Taxation Efficiently
Given the tax implications of NPS withdrawals, it is crucial to plan your post-retirement cash flow efficiently. You can stagger your withdrawals from NPS to reduce the overall tax burden, while ensuring that you meet your retirement income needs. Additionally, investments in mutual funds can be structured in a way that minimises the tax impact, especially with the new rules for long-term and short-term capital gains taxation.

2. Tax on Equity and Debt Mutual Funds
When selling equity mutual funds, long-term capital gains (LTCG) above Rs 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%, while short-term capital gains (STCG) are taxed at 20%. For debt mutual funds, LTCG and STCG are taxed according to your income tax slab. By investing in these funds, you can create a tax-efficient portfolio that balances growth with tax savings.

Long-Term Wealth Creation
1. Power of Compounding
The earlier you start investing, the more you can benefit from the power of compounding. Whether it’s NPS or mutual funds, long-term investments have the potential to grow exponentially over time. A combination of NPS, EPF, and mutual funds will ensure that you have a diversified retirement corpus.

2. Regular Portfolio Review
It’s important to review your portfolio regularly, especially as you near retirement. Your financial situation, risk tolerance, and market conditions will evolve over time. By working with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), you can ensure that your retirement plan remains on track.

Final Insights
To summarise, NPS offers significant tax benefits and is a solid retirement option, but it comes with limitations like taxation at maturity and mandatory annuitisation. If you wish to further invest in NPS, limit it to Rs 50,000 annually to avail the tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1B).

Instead of putting all your eggs in the NPS basket, consider diversifying your investments across actively managed equity and debt mutual funds. This will provide you with flexibility, liquidity, and potentially higher returns, while allowing you to manage your tax liability effectively.

Regularly review your portfolio and adjust your contributions as you approach retirement. By diversifying your investments and seeking the guidance of a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), you can secure a comfortable and financially stable retirement.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Apr 01, 2025

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I have invested in VPF since 2008 and it has grown to 64lacs currently. But have not invested in NPS at all. Should I divert my monthly investment to NPS and start from zero or should I continue to invest in VPF to take advantage of compounding? Please suggest.
Ans: You have invested in VPF since 2008, and it has now grown to Rs. 64 lakhs. You are considering whether to continue VPF or start investing in NPS from scratch. Let’s analyze both options to determine the best approach.

Understanding VPF and NPS
VPF is an extension of EPF with tax benefits under EEE status, meaning contributions, interest, and withdrawals are completely tax-free. It provides fixed returns of around 8-8.5%, backed by the government. Withdrawals after 5 years are tax-free, making it a low-risk and stable option. However, it lacks equity exposure, limiting growth potential.

NPS, on the other hand, is a market-linked retirement scheme that offers a mix of equity and debt exposure. It has higher return potential (9-12%) but also comes with taxable withdrawals. Upon retirement, 40% of the corpus must be used for annuity, which is taxable. The extra Rs. 50,000 tax deduction under Section 80CCD(1B) is an added advantage, but NPS lacks liquidity as withdrawals are restricted until retirement.

Key Factors for Decision-Making
1. Compounding and Stability of VPF
VPF provides stable, tax-free compounding at 8%+ returns. Since you have been investing for 16 years, compounding is already working in your favor. The tax-free nature of both principal and interest makes it a highly efficient retirement tool.

2. Growth Potential and Risk in NPS
NPS has the potential to generate higher returns through equity exposure. However, it is also subject to market volatility. Additionally, the annuity requirement reduces flexibility, as a portion of the corpus is locked into a taxable pension.

3. Tax Efficiency and Withdrawal Flexibility
VPF is completely tax-free on withdrawal, while NPS has partially taxable withdrawals. If you start NPS now, the accumulated corpus will be small compared to VPF, reducing its impact on retirement planning. Since NPS funds remain locked until retirement, liquidity is limited.

Recommended Approach
Option 1: Continue VPF for Maximum Tax-Free Growth
If you want stability, predictable returns, and tax-free withdrawals, it is best to continue VPF. Your Rs. 64 lakhs corpus will keep compounding at 8%+, ensuring a risk-free retirement fund. Shifting to NPS would introduce market risk and annuity restrictions, which may not be necessary at this stage.

Option 2: Small Diversification to NPS for Tax Benefit
If you are looking for an additional tax benefit, you can invest Rs. 50,000 per year in NPS under Section 80CCD(1B). This will reduce taxable income while providing some exposure to equities. However, investing beyond this amount may limit liquidity and introduce unnecessary restrictions.

Final Insights
VPF is more efficient for retirement savings due to its tax-free nature, stable returns, and liquidity. NPS is suitable only for tax benefits, but the mandatory annuity requirement reduces flexibility. If needed, invest Rs. 50,000 yearly in NPS to optimize tax savings, but avoid diverting major funds from VPF to NPS. Continuing with VPF ensures compounding, stability, and tax-free growth, making it the better choice for retirement planning.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 06, 2025Hindi
Money
Dear Sir/Ma'am, I need some guidance and advice for continuing my mutual fund investments. I am a 36 year old male, married, no kids yet and no debts/liabilities as such. I have couple of savings in PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and long term investing in direct stocks. I recently started below mentioned SIPs for long term to grow wealth. Request you to review the same and let me know if I should continue with the SIPs or need to rationalize. Kindly also advice on how to invest a lumpsum amount of around 6lacs. invesco small cap 2000 motilal oswal midcap 2700 parag parikh flexicap 3000 HDFC flexicap 3100 ICICI prudential largecap 3100 HDFC large and midcap 3100 HDFC gold etf FOF 2000 ICICI Pru equity and debt fund 3000 HDFC balanced advantage fund 3000 nippon india silver etf FOF 2000
Ans: You already built a solid foundation. Many investors delay planning. But you started early at 36. That gives you a strong advantage. You have no liabilities. You have long term thinking. You also have diversified savings like PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and direct stocks. That shows clarity and discipline. This approach builds wealth with less stress over time.

You also started systematic investments in equity funds. That is a positive step. Your selection covers multiple categories like large cap, mid cap, small cap, flexi cap, hybrid and precious metals. So the intent is right. You are trying to create a broad portfolio. That gives balance.

» Your Portfolio Composition Understanding
Your current SIP list includes:

Small cap

Mid cap

Flexi cap

Large cap

Large and mid cap

Hybrid category

Gold and Silver FoF

Equity and Debt allocation fund

Dynamic hybrid fund

This shows you are trying to cover many segments. But too many categories can create overlap. When there is overlap, you get confusion during review. It also makes portfolio discipline difficult. You may think you are diversified. But the holdings inside may repeat. That reduces efficiency.

Your portfolio now looks like:

Equity dominant

Hybrid for stability

Metals for hedge

So the broad direction is fine. But simplifying helps in long-term habit building.

» Fund Category Duplication
You hold:

Two flexi cap funds

One large and mid cap fund

One pure large cap fund

One mid cap fund

One small cap fund

Flexi cap funds already invest across large, mid, small. Then large and mid also overlaps. So the large cap exposure gets repeated. That may not add extra benefit. But it increases monitoring complexity.

So I suggest rationalising. Keep one fund per category in core. Keep satellite space for only high conviction.

» Core and Satellite Strategy
A structured portfolio follows core and satellite method.

Core portfolio should be:

Simple

Long term

Stable

Satellite portfolio can be:

High growth

Concentrated

Based on your thinking level, you can structure like this:

Core funds:

One large cap

One flexi cap

One hybrid equity and debt fund

One balanced advantage type fund

Satellite funds:

One mid cap

One small cap

One metal allocation if needed

This division gives clarity. You can continue SIPs with review every year. No need to stop and restart often. That reduces behavioural mistakes.

» Your Current SIP List Review with Suggested Streamlining

You can consider continuing:

One flexi cap

One large cap

One mid cap

One small cap

One balanced advantage

One equity and debt hybrid

You may reconsider keeping both flexi caps and both gold silver funds. One of each category is enough. Because too many funds do not increase returns. It complicates tracking.

Precious metal funds should not be more than 5 to 7 percent in your portfolio. This is because metals are hedge assets. They do not create compounding like equity. They act as protection during cycles. So keep them small.

» How to Use the Rs 6 Lakh Lump Sum
You asked about lump sum investing. This is important. Lump sum should not go fully into equity at one time. Markets move in cycles. So use a staggered method. You can invest the lump sum through STP (Systematic Transfer Plan). You can keep the amount in a liquid fund and set STP toward your chosen growth funds over 6 to 12 months.

This reduces timing risk. It also creates discipline. So your Rs 6 lakh can be deployed gradually. You may use 50% towards core equity funds and 30% toward satellite growth category. The remaining 20% can go into hybrid category. This gives balance and comfort.

» Regular Funds Over Direct Funds
One important point many investors miss. Direct funds look cheaper. But they demand deep knowledge, discipline, and behaviour control. Most investors lose more through emotional selling and wrong timing than they save on expense ratio.

With regular funds through a Mutual Fund Distributor with Certified Financial Planner qualification, you get guidance, structure and correction. The advisory discipline protects you during market extremes. That is more valuable than a small saving in expense ratio.

A personalised planner also tracks portfolio drift, rebalancing need and category shifts. So regular fund investing gives long-term benefit and behaviour coaching.

» Actively Managed Funds over Index or ETF
Some investors choose index funds or ETF thinking they are simple and cheap. But they ignore drawbacks.

Index funds or ETF will not avoid weak companies in the index. They will invest whether the company grows or struggles. There is no fund manager decision making. So when markets are at peak, index funds continue aggressive exposure. In downturns also they fall fully. There is no cushion.

Actively managed funds work with research teams. They can avoid bad sectors. They can shift allocation based on market and economy. Over long term, this gives better alpha and stability. So continuing with actively managed funds creates better wealth compounding.

» SIP Continuation Strategy
Once the rationalisation is done, continue SIPs every month without interruption. Pause and restart behaviour damages compounding power. SIP works best when you go through all market cycles. You benefit more during corrections because cost averaging works.

So continue SIP amount. You can also review SIP increase every year based on income. Increasing SIP by 10 to 15 percent every year helps you reach large corpus faster.

» Asset Allocation Based Approach
One key point in wealth creation is having the right asset mix. Equity gives growth. Hybrid gives balance. Metals give hedge. Debt gives safety. Your asset allocation should stay aligned to your risk profile and time horizon.

Since you are young and have long term horizon, higher equity allocation is fine. But as time moves, rebalancing is important. Rebalancing protects gains and restores allocation.

So review your asset allocation every year or during major life events like child birth, home buying or retirement planning.

» Behaviour Management
Many portfolios fail not due to bad funds. They fail due to bad decisions. Selling during correction. Stopping SIP when market falls. Chasing past return performance. These mistakes reduce wealth.

Your discipline so far is good. Continue to stay patient during volatility. Equity rewards patience and time.

» Financial Goals Clarity
Since you have no children now, you can decide your long-term goals. Typical goals may include:

Retirement

Future child education

Dream lifestyle purchase

Health care reserves

When goals are clear, investment purpose becomes stronger. So you can map each fund category to goal horizon. Short-term goals should not use equity. Long-term goals should use equity with hybrid support.

» Role of Review and Monitoring
Review once in a year is enough. Frequent review can create anxiety. Annual review helps check:

Fund performance

Expense drift

Category relevance

Allocation balance

Then adjust only if needed. This progress helps you stay confident and aligned.

» Taxation Awareness
Equity mutual funds taxation rules are:

Short term (below one year holding) taxable at 20 percent

Long term (above one year holding) gains above Rs 1.25 lakh taxable at 12.5 percent

Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.

So always hold equity funds for long term. That reduces tax impact and gives better growth.

» SIP Increase Plan
You can create a simple plan to increase SIP over time. For example:

Increase SIP at every salary increment

Increase SIP during bonus time

Use rewards or extra income for investing

This habit accelerates wealth. So by the time you reach 45 to 50 years, your investments could reach a strong level.

» Insurance and Protection
Before investing large, ensure you have term insurance and health insurance. If not already done, it is important. Insurance protects wealth. Without insurance, even a small medical event can impact investment plan. So review this part also. Since you are married, cover both.

» Wealth Behaviour Mindset
You are already disciplined. Just keep these simple principles:

Invest without stopping

Review once a year

Avoid funds overlap

Follow asset allocation

Avoid reacting to media noise

This helps you reach long term milestones.

» Finally
You are on the right track. Only fine tuning and simplification is needed. Your discipline is visible. Your portfolio will grow well with structure, patience and periodic review. Use the Rs 6 lakh with STP approach. And continue SIP with rationalised categories.

With time and consistency, wealth creation becomes effortless and peaceful. You just need to stay committed and avoid overthinking during market movements.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Dr Dipankar

Dr Dipankar Dutta  |1837 Answers  |Ask -

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 05, 2025

Career
Dear Sir, I did my BTech from a normal engineering college not very famous. The teaching was not great and hence i did not study well. I tried my best to learn coding including all the technologies like html,css,javascript,react js,dba,php because i wanted to be a web developer But nothing seem to enter my head except html and css. I don't understand a language which has more complexities. Is it because of my lack of experience or not devoting enough time. I am not sure. I did many courses online and tried to do diplomas also abroad which i passed somehow. I recently joined android development course because i like apps but the teaching was so fast that i could not memorize anything. There was no time to even take notes down. During the course i did assignments and understood the code because i have to pass but after the course is over i tend to forget everything. I attempted a lot of interviews. Some of them i even got but could not perform well so they let me go. Now due to the AI booming and job markets in a bad shape i am re-thinking whether to keep studying or whether its just time waste. Since 3 years i am doing labour type of jobs which does not yield anything to me for survival and to pay my expenses. I have the quest to learn everything but as soon as i sit in front of the computer i listen to music or read something else. What should i do to stay more focused? What should i do to make myself believe confident. Is there still scope of IT in todays world? Kindly advise.
Ans: Your story does not show failure.
It shows persistence, effort, and desire to improve.

Most people give up.
You didn’t.
That means you will succeed — but with the right method, not the old one.

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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