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Omkeshwar

Omkeshwar Singh  | Answer  |Ask -

Head, Rank MF - Answered on Feb 15, 2022

Mutual Fund Expert... more
David Question by David on Feb 15, 2022Hindi
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I am 52 years old and I am investing in below MFs. Please suggest if need to changes 

1) SBI Focus fund - 10,000
2) SBI Technology fund - 10,000
3) SBI Banking and finance fund - 10,000
4) SBI Flexi cap - 10,000
5) SBI health care - 10,000
6) AXIS Blue chip fund direct - 10,000
7) AXIS Flexi cap - 10,000
8) AXIS Small Cap - 10,000
9) AXIS Mid Cap - 10,000
10) AXIS Global Fund of Fund - 10,000
11) AXIS ESG Equity - 10,000
12) AXIS Special Situation Fund - 10,000
13) HDFC Small cap - 10,000
14) ICICI Banking and Finance - 10,000
15) Nippon Banking and Finance - 5,000
16) Nippon Health Care - 15,000
17) L&T Emerging Business Fund - 10,000

Below SIP I want to stop

1)    AXIS Long tern Equity Fund ELSS - 13,000
2) Birla Sun Life Tax saving 96fund ELSS - 10,000

Ans: Please continue; however there are to many funds….

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7838 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 29, 2024

Money
I do have SIP going on below MFs from 2000 rs to 10000 rs in each MF. My monthly investment is 1 lakh. Most of them are from 2015 and a few of them were added in 2022. My age is 40 and my goal is to create wealth of 10cr in the next 10 years. I believe in aggressive growth. Should I continue investing in below MFs or need to replace them with different MFs? Aditya Birla Sun Life Frontline Equity Fund - Growth Aditya Birla Sun Life MNC Fund - Regular Plan - Growth Aditya Birla Sun Life Multi-Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth Axis Flexi Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth Axis Focused 25 Fund - Regular Plan - Growth DSP Small Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth Franklin India Smaller Companies Fund - Growth HDFC Mid-Cap Opportunities Fund - Growth ICICI Prudential Equity & Debt Fund - Growth L&T India Value Fund - Regular Plan - Growth Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth Samco Flexi Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund - Growth ICICI Prudential NASDAQ 100 Index Fund Direct Growth Edelweiss Balanced Advantage Fund - Growth Kotak Small Cap Fund - Growth DSP Quant Fund - Direct - Growth
Ans: Creating Wealth with Aggressive Mutual Fund Investments
your commitment to building a substantial corpus for the future is commendable. Let’s assess your current mutual fund portfolio and explore ways to achieve your goal of Rs. 10 crore in the next 10 years.

Evaluating Your Current Portfolio
Current Mutual Fund Investments
Aditya Birla Sun Life Frontline Equity Fund - Growth
Aditya Birla Sun Life MNC Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
Aditya Birla Sun Life Multi-Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
Axis Flexi Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
Axis Focused 25 Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
DSP Small Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
Franklin India Smaller Companies Fund - Growth
HDFC Mid-Cap Opportunities Fund - Growth
ICICI Prudential Equity & Debt Fund - Growth
L&T India Value Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
Samco Flexi Cap Fund - Regular Plan - Growth
ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund - Growth
ICICI Prudential NASDAQ 100 Index Fund Direct Growth
Edelweiss Balanced Advantage Fund - Growth
Kotak Small Cap Fund - Growth
DSP Quant Fund - Direct - Growth
Portfolio Analysis
Diversity and Overlap
Your portfolio consists of a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, multi-cap, and value funds. While this diversity can reduce risk, there may be significant overlap in holdings, especially in large-cap funds.

Performance Evaluation
Evaluate the performance of each fund over different time periods. Check if they consistently outperform their benchmarks and peers. This analysis helps identify underperforming funds.

Risk Assessment
Given your aggressive growth strategy, higher allocation to mid-cap and small-cap funds is suitable. However, it's crucial to balance this with some large-cap and multi-cap funds for stability.

Recommended Changes
Reducing Overlap
To reduce overlap, consider consolidating similar fund types. For example, choose one or two large-cap funds instead of multiple. This approach streamlines your portfolio.

Focus on Consistent Performers
Retain funds with a strong track record of consistent performance. Replace underperforming funds with those having better potential. This strategy enhances overall portfolio performance.

Suggested Mutual Funds
Large Cap Funds
Large-cap funds invest in well-established companies. They offer stability and moderate growth.

Mid Cap Funds
Mid-cap funds target companies with high growth potential. They balance risk and reward effectively.

Small Cap Funds
Small-cap funds invest in emerging companies. They offer high growth potential but come with higher risk.

Multi Cap Funds
Multi-cap funds diversify across market capitalizations. They offer balanced risk and reward.

Value Funds
Value funds invest in undervalued companies. They provide growth potential through capital appreciation.

Investment Strategy
Monthly Investment Plan
With a monthly investment of Rs. 1 lakh, allocate funds as follows:

Large Cap Funds: Rs. 30,000
Mid Cap Funds: Rs. 30,000
Small Cap Funds: Rs. 20,000
Multi Cap Funds: Rs. 10,000
Value Funds: Rs. 10,000
Annual Review and Rebalancing
Review your portfolio annually. Rebalance to maintain the desired allocation. This approach ensures alignment with your goals and market conditions.

Risks and Benefits of Direct Investing
Disadvantages of Direct Funds
Direct funds may have lower expense ratios. However, they require active management. Without expert guidance, you may miss market opportunities or take on unnecessary risks.

Benefits of Regular Funds
Investing through a Certified Financial Planner offers several benefits. They provide professional management, regular monitoring, and timely adjustments to your portfolio. This approach can lead to better long-term performance.

Conclusion
your dedication to achieving your financial goals is impressive. By optimizing your mutual fund portfolio and investing consistently, you can build significant wealth. Ensure you review and rebalance your investments regularly to stay on track.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Hardik

Hardik Parikh  |106 Answers  |Ask -

Tax, Mutual Fund Expert - Answered on Apr 07, 2023

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ello Sir, I am 43 yrs of age and following is the list of my MF holdings which are all 15 Months Plus......Can you pls advice me if I should continue to remain Invested in the same or should I change any of these....I am looking at an aggressive and high return Funds in the next 3 Years....Also one very important point is all my Investments are thru an Agent, do you suggest i shud withdraw them all and go for Direct Plans.....Pls advice - SIP Details - CANARA ROBECCO EMERGING EQUITIES FUND – 10000 PGIM INDIA MID CAP OPPORTUNITIES FUND – 5000 ICICI PRUDENTIAL TECHNOLOGY FUND – 4000 SBI FOCUSED EQUITY FUND – 6000 QUANT ACTIVE FUND – 10000 MIRAE ASSET LARGE CAP FUND – 10000 INDIA INFOLINE - 5000 LUMPSUM Details - PGIM INDIA MID CAP OPPORTUNITIES FUND – REGULAR GROWTH – 3 LACS K1155 - KOTAK MULTICAP FUND – REGULAR PLAN GROWTH – 3 LACS AXIS MULTICAP FUND REGULAR PLAN GROWTH – 3 LACS IIFL FOCUSED EQUITY FUND – 4 LACS UTI FLEXI CAP FUND – 2.5 LACS MIRAE ASSET LARGE CAP FUND – 3 LACS LIC MF LARGE AND MID CAP FUND – 4 LACS CANARA ROBECCO BLUE CHIP EQUITY FUND – 3 LACS QUANT ACTIVE FUND – 2.5 LACS PARAG PARIKH FLEXI CAP FUND – 2.5 LACS
Ans: Hello Yatin,

Firstly, I appreciate that you've been consistently investing in mutual funds for more than 15 months. Based on your age and the 3-year investment horizon you mentioned, it's reasonable to have an aggressive investment strategy. However, I would also like to remind you that higher returns often come with higher risks.

Regarding your current holdings, I see that you have a well-diversified portfolio across large-cap, mid-cap, focused, and sectoral funds. Given your investment goals, you may consider continuing with most of these funds. However, I recommend reviewing the performance of the funds against their benchmark indices and their respective categories. You might want to consider replacing any underperforming funds with better-performing alternatives in the same category.

On the point of investing through an agent, I suggest you evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of switching to direct plans. Direct plans generally have lower expense ratios, which could result in higher returns over time. However, if you value the guidance and support provided by your agent, you might want to stick with the regular plans.

If you decide to switch to direct plans, you can do so without redeeming or selling your existing investments. You can start by converting your future SIPs to direct plans and then gradually switch your existing holdings.

Please note that this advice is based on the limited information you provided and should not be considered as personalized financial advice. I recommend that you consult with a certified financial planner or advisor for a detailed analysis of your portfolio and investment goals.

Wishing you the best in your investment journey!

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7838 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jan 09, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jan 09, 2025Hindi
Money
Hi Ulhas, i am 44 years of age and have been investing in MF since Feb 2021, presently I am investing a monthly SIP of 5.5 Lakhs in the following 11 funds each with a monthly SIP of 50 K in direct funds, please check whether my portfolio requires any changes. I am an aggressive investor with more than 10-15 years of long-term horizon. 1. parag parakh flexi cap fund. 2. Mirae Large & Mid Cap fund. 3. Axis growth opportunities fund. 4. SBI Multi Cap Fund. 5. Mirae Mid Cap fund. 6. Quant Active Fund. 7. Canara Robeco Small Cap fund. 8. Tata Small Cap Fund. 9. HDFC Multicap fund. 10. Edelweiss Midcap Fund. 11. Kotak Multicap fund.
Ans: Investing Rs. 5.5 lakhs monthly across 11 funds is impressive. Your aggressive approach matches your 10-15 years horizon. Let’s analyse your portfolio and suggest improvements.

Strengths of Your Current Portfolio
Well-Diversified Across Categories: Your funds span large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, and flexi-cap categories.

Aligned with Aggressive Strategy: The portfolio leans towards mid-cap and small-cap funds. These suit long-term aggressive investors.

Consistent Contributions: High SIP commitment ensures disciplined wealth creation over time.

Areas of Concern
Over-Diversification: Investing in 11 funds dilutes potential returns. Similar categories may overlap.

Direct Funds Approach: Direct plans lack professional guidance for portfolio review and rebalancing.

Small-Cap Heavy Allocation: Multiple small-cap funds increase risk in volatile markets.

Multiple Multicap Funds: Holding three multicap funds may result in duplication of stocks.

Suggestions for Portfolio Optimisation
Limit the Number of Funds
Reduce the number of funds to 5-7. This avoids over-diversification.

Retain one strong performer from each category: large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, flexi-cap, and multicap.

Avoid Category Duplication
Retain only one fund each in small-cap, mid-cap, and multicap categories.

Choose funds with consistent past performance and fund house credibility.

Focus on Actively Managed Funds Through MFD
Direct funds lack professional advice.

Investing through an MFD with a Certified Financial Planner ensures expert guidance.

MFDs monitor market conditions and align your portfolio for optimal returns.

Reassess Risk Allocation
Small-cap funds should be limited to 10-15% of your portfolio.

Mid-cap funds can constitute 25-30% for higher growth potential.

Allocate 25-30% to large-cap or flexi-cap funds for stability.

Periodic Review and Rebalancing
Review your portfolio every six months or annually.

Rebalance to maintain your desired asset allocation.

Track fund performance and exit underperformers promptly.

Tax Implications to Consider
Long-term capital gains above Rs. 1.25 lakh attract 12.5% tax.

Short-term gains are taxed at 20%.

Diversifying across equity and hybrid funds can optimise tax outflow.

Benefits of Reduced Fund Count
Simplified portfolio management.

Improved tracking of individual fund performance.

Higher potential for compounding due to concentrated allocation.

Recommended Allocation for Aggressive Investors
Large-Cap/Flexi-Cap Funds: Stability with market participation.

Mid-Cap Funds: Balance between risk and growth.

Small-Cap Funds: High-risk, high-reward potential.

Multicap Funds: Flexible allocation across market capitalisations.

Final Insights
Your portfolio reflects strong financial discipline and long-term vision. However, over-diversification dilutes growth. Streamline your funds for focused performance. Professional guidance ensures optimal fund selection and timely rebalancing. Stick to your SIPs to achieve your financial goals.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7838 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Feb 05, 2025

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Hello Sir, this is Dhiraj DM, I am 48 year's old married with no kids, we have any flat worth 1. 5 cr given on rent around 50 lakhs of equity 20 lacs mutual funds we want to retire in next 3 years,please guide. We live in a metro no liability, we r into Gifting business now want to retire in next 3 years
Ans: Your retirement is just three years away. You have built a strong foundation with real estate, equity, and mutual funds. Now, the goal is to structure your investments for steady income, security, and long-term sustainability.

1. Assessing Your Current Financial Position
Flat Worth Rs. 1.5 Crore: This generates rental income, but liquidity is limited.
Equity Portfolio of Rs. 50 Lakh: Market-linked investments with potential for high returns but volatile.
Mutual Funds of Rs. 20 Lakh: Offers diversification and moderate risk exposure.
No Liabilities: This is a strong advantage for financial freedom.
Gifting Business: If planning to exit, ensure business-related finances are sorted before retirement.
2. Estimating Post-Retirement Income Needs
Calculate expected monthly expenses, including medical, travel, lifestyle, and emergency costs.
Factor in inflation, as expenses will rise over time.
Consider long-term costs such as medical care and home maintenance.
3. Structuring Retirement Income
Rental Income as a Fixed Source
Your flat generates rental income, which helps with stability.
Consider reinvesting this income for further growth.
Portfolio Rebalancing for Stability
Equity exposure is beneficial but risky close to retirement.
Shift some funds to low-risk instruments for safety.
Keep some allocation to equity to combat inflation.
Maintaining Liquidity for Emergencies
Create an emergency fund of at least 2 years' expenses in liquid assets.
Avoid relying solely on investments that require selling in volatile markets.
4. Health and Insurance Planning
Ensure comprehensive health insurance for both of you, at least Rs. 15-20 lakh coverage.
If you hold any old insurance policies with low returns, consider restructuring them.
Create a separate healthcare fund for long-term medical expenses.
5. Tax Efficiency in Retirement
Structure withdrawals smartly to reduce tax burden on capital gains.
Use tax-free instruments where applicable.
Rental income is taxable, so deduct maintenance expenses to lower tax outgo.
6. Planning Investments for Retirement Income
Avoid complete reliance on fixed-income instruments, as they may not beat inflation.
A mix of mutual funds, debt instruments, and systematic withdrawal plans (SWP) will ensure steady cash flow.
Keep some investments growth-oriented to sustain wealth over decades.
7. Estate and Legacy Planning
Prepare a clear will to ensure smooth asset transfer.
If you plan to donate or support causes, structure funds accordingly.
Finally
Ensure liquidity and stability in your investments.
Reduce risk in equity but keep exposure for growth.
Maintain a dedicated healthcare fund and strong insurance coverage.
Structure investments to minimise taxes and ensure steady income.
Plan legacy and succession to avoid future complications.
Would you like a detailed plan on how to allocate your investments for steady retirement income?

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Pushpa

Pushpa R  |49 Answers  |Ask -

Yoga, Mindfulness Expert - Answered on Feb 05, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Feb 04, 2025Hindi
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Health
My sister is recently diagnosed with second stage of breast cancer. She is always emotional and moody. Can I introduce her to yoga or meditation? Can yoga help her cope with the fear and uncertainty?
Ans: I'm very sorry to hear about your sister’s diagnosis. This is a challenging time, and emotional support is just as important as medical treatment. Yes, yoga and meditation can help her cope with fear, stress, and uncertainty by bringing mental peace, emotional strength, and relaxation.

How Yoga Can Help:
Reduces Anxiety & Fear: Gentle yoga and deep breathing activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps in relaxation and emotional balance.
Improves Sleep: Many cancer patients struggle with sleep. Yoga Nidra and slow breathing exercises can promote restful sleep.
Boosts Positivity: Meditation and mindfulness help shift focus from fear to inner peace.
Strengthens the Body: Light yoga can help reduce fatigue and improve overall well-being during treatment.
Recommended Practices for Your Sister:
Breathing (Pranayama): Anulom Vilom (Alternate Nostril Breathing) and Bhramari (Humming Bee Breath) calm the mind.
Gentle Yoga Poses: Child’s Pose, Butterfly Pose, and Legs-Up-The-Wall Pose promote relaxation.
Meditation & Yoga Nidra: Guided meditation can help ease emotional distress and bring hope.
Encourage her to consult a yoga coach for personalized support. With the right guidance, yoga can become a healing companion in her journey.

R. Pushpa, M.Sc (Yoga)
Online Yoga & Meditation Coach
Radiant YogaVibes
https://www.instagram.com/pushpa_radiantyogavibes/

...Read more

Pushpa

Pushpa R  |49 Answers  |Ask -

Yoga, Mindfulness Expert - Answered on Feb 05, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Feb 04, 2025Hindi
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Health
Mam, can yoga help prevent cancer in women? Please advice
Ans: Yoga cannot guarantee the prevention of cancer, but it can play a supportive role in maintaining overall health, reducing risk factors, and improving well-being. Many studies suggest that regular yoga practice helps reduce stress, improve immunity, balance hormones, and promote detoxification—all of which may lower the risk of cancer in women.

How Yoga Can Help:
Reduces Stress: Chronic stress weakens the immune system and increases inflammation, which can contribute to disease. Practicing meditation, breathing exercises, and relaxation techniques keeps the body in balance.
Boosts Immunity: Gentle yoga poses improve blood circulation and support the lymphatic system, which helps remove toxins from the body.
Balances Hormones: Hormonal imbalances may increase the risk of conditions like breast and ovarian cancer. Regular yoga helps maintain a healthy endocrine system.
Supports Detoxification: Twisting poses and deep breathing help the body eliminate waste and toxins.
Recommended Practices:
Pranayama (Breathwork): Anulom Vilom and Bhramari help calm the nervous system.
Yoga Poses: Cobra Pose, Twists, and Forward Bends improve digestion and circulation.
Meditation & Relaxation: Yoga Nidra and mindfulness reduce stress and promote healing.
For personalized guidance, consult a yoga coach who can create a practice suited to your health needs.

R. Pushpa, M.Sc (Yoga)
Online Yoga & Meditation Coach
Radiant YogaVibes
https://www.instagram.com/pushpa_radiantyogavibes/

...Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7838 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Feb 05, 2025

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Get me some clearity on HDFC BALANCED ADVANTAGE FUND as from last few days my portfolio is going in negative
Ans: Understanding Balanced Advantage Funds

Balanced Advantage Funds invest in both equity and debt. They adjust their investments based on market conditions. This flexibility helps manage risk and aim for steady returns.

Recent Performance Insights

It's natural to feel concerned when your portfolio shows negative returns. Remember, short-term declines are common in investments. Balanced Advantage Funds aim to reduce risk by adjusting their investments. This strategy helps manage market ups and downs.

Factors Influencing Performance

Several elements can affect your fund's performance:

Market Volatility: Changes in the market can impact returns.

Asset Allocation: The mix of equity and debt plays a role.

Interest Rate Changes: Fluctuations can influence debt investments.

Economic Indicators: Factors like inflation and GDP growth are important.

Evaluating Fund Performance

To assess your fund's performance:

Compare with Benchmarks: See how it measures up against standard indices.

Review Historical Returns: Look at past performance over different periods.

Consider Risk-Adjusted Returns: Evaluate returns in relation to the risk taken.

Staying the Course

It's commendable to stay focused on your long-term goals. Short-term market changes shouldn't deter your investment strategy. Maintaining discipline is key to achieving financial objectives.

Consulting a Certified Financial Planner

For personalized advice, consider consulting a Certified Financial Planner. They can provide guidance tailored to your financial situation.

Final Thoughts

Market fluctuations are a part of investing. Balanced Advantage Funds are designed to manage these ups and downs. Staying informed and patient can help you reach your financial goals.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7838 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Feb 05, 2025

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Hello, my mother is 62 year old pensioner. She has invested funds in government securities and postal schemes. Despite submitting 15H form and filing ITR (as a senior citizen person), her tax is getting deducted. Can you kindly explain why this is happening?
Ans: There are a few possible reasons why TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) is being deducted from your mother's investments, despite submitting Form 15H and filing ITR.

1. Incorrect or Late Submission of Form 15H
Form 15H must be submitted at the start of the financial year to all institutions where she has investments.
If submitted after TDS is deducted, it won’t apply retrospectively to recover the deducted tax.
Ensure the form is submitted separately to each bank, post office, or financial institution.
2. Exceeding the Basic Exemption Limit
For senior citizens (60+ years), income up to Rs. 3 lakhs is tax-free.
If her total taxable income (pension + interest from investments) exceeds Rs. 3 lakhs, TDS will still apply.
Even if TDS is deducted, she can claim a refund while filing her ITR if her total tax liability is zero.
3. Form 15H Validity Rules
Form 15H is only valid if total taxable income is below the exemption limit.
If her total income is more than Rs. 3 lakhs, banks and post offices will ignore Form 15H and deduct TDS.
4. Different TDS Thresholds for Investments
Banks deduct TDS on FD interest if it exceeds Rs. 50,000 per year for senior citizens.
Post Office schemes (like SCSS) deduct TDS if interest crosses Rs. 50,000 per year.
Government securities may also have TDS rules based on the issuing authority.
5. PAN Not Updated with the Bank/Post Office
If PAN is not linked to the investment accounts, higher TDS at 20% is deducted.
Ensure all investments have PAN updated to avoid excess TDS.
6. Errors in Tax Deduction System
Sometimes, banks deduct TDS even if Form 15H is submitted correctly.
In such cases, she can file an ITR and claim a refund from the Income Tax Department.
What to Do Now?
Check total taxable income to confirm if she qualifies for Form 15H.
Verify all Form 15H submissions with banks and post offices.
Ensure PAN is updated in all financial institutions.
If TDS is wrongly deducted, file an ITR and claim a refund.
Would you like help with checking if she is eligible for a refund?

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7838 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Feb 05, 2025

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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