Sir, My son is Architect by profession, having own firm since 10 years. His turnover is 80 l last year. His monthly recurring expenses are 2 l per month, which includes car loan, odd loan, salaries, disel charges, food expenses and mis. expenses.Gross income is 3 l per month. Please suggest him how to increase his business to 50 cr. In 2025, investment planning he is 33 year old. Unmarried.

Ans: Given your financial situation and goal to save for your son's higher education, you can consider the following approach:

Start by creating an emergency fund equivalent to 6-12 months of your expenses.
Allocate a portion of your monthly income towards systematic investment plans (SIPs) in equity mutual funds. Aim for a diversified portfolio with a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and multi-cap funds to balance risk and return.

Regularly review and adjust your investment strategy based on changing market conditions and your financial goals.
With disciplined saving and prudent investment choices, you can aim to accumulate a corpus of 50 lakhs to 1 crore over the next 4-5 years for your son's higher education.

Ans: That's a fantastic plan for your son. Starting investments early creates a solid financial future. Let's explore some options to build a good monthly income after 20 years:

Building a Strong Investment Portfolio:

Diversification is key: Invest in a mix of asset classes like Equity (stocks), Debt (bonds), and Hybrid (mix of equity and debt) to manage risk and target long-term growth.
Consider Equity Mutual Funds: Actively managed Equity Mutual Funds can potentially generate good returns over the long term. They are professionally managed by experts.
Investing for Growth and Beating Inflation:

Systematic Investment Plan (SIP): Regular monthly investments (SIP) of Rs. 10,000-12,000 with a planned 10-15% annual increase is a smart approach. It inculcates discipline and leverages rupee-cost averaging.
Long-term horizon: A 20-year investment timeframe allows for market fluctuations to even out, focusing on long-term growth that outpaces inflation.
Planning for Future Income:

Goal-based investing: While aiming for monthly income, consider your son's future goals like retirement or higher studies. Tailor the investment mix accordingly.
Review and Rebalance: Regularly review the portfolio performance and rebalance allocations if needed to maintain the desired asset class mix.
Getting Professional Advice:

Talk to a CFP professional: A Certified Financial Planner can create a personalized investment plan for your son, considering his risk tolerance and financial goals.
Investment planning is crucial: A CFP can help navigate different investment options and choose the ones that best suit your son's needs.
Remember: Consistent investing, diversification, and professional guidance are key to building a strong financial future.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

Ans: Das, at 40 years old, your monthly salary is Rs. 80k. Your monthly expenses are Rs. 40k. This leaves you with Rs. 40k for investments and savings.

Your current investments are:

PPF: Rs. 6 lakhs
NPS: Rs. 15 lakhs
FD: Rs. 14 lakhs
Your monthly NPS contribution is Rs. 18k, combining both your contribution and your employer’s.

Financial Goals
You aim to build a corpus of Rs. 3 crores in the next 20 years.

Assessment of Current Strategy
PPF
Your investment in PPF is good for long-term growth and tax benefits. It has a stable interest rate and risk-free returns.

NPS
Your NPS contributions are excellent for retirement planning. NPS offers tax benefits and market-linked returns, making it suitable for long-term growth.

Fixed Deposits
FDs are safe but offer lower returns compared to other investment options. Consider reallocating some of these funds for higher returns.

Recommendations for Improvement
Increase Equity Exposure
Equity investments have the potential for higher returns over the long term. Consider starting SIPs in equity mutual funds.

Diversify Investments
Diversifying your investments helps reduce risk. Apart from PPF and NPS, you can invest in mutual funds and bonds.

Adjust Fixed Deposits
FDs are low-return investments. Reallocate a portion of your FD corpus to mutual funds for better returns.

Consistent Review and Adjustment
Review your investments regularly. Make adjustments based on market conditions and your financial goals.

Mutual Funds
Equity Mutual Funds: Start SIPs in diversified equity mutual funds. These funds have higher growth potential.
Actively Managed Funds: Actively managed funds can outperform index funds due to professional management.
Retirement Planning
Your NPS contributions are excellent. Continue this for a stable retirement corpus. Additionally, allocate funds to mutual funds for diversified growth.

Emergency Fund
Ensure you have an emergency fund. This should cover 6-12 months of expenses and be kept in a liquid asset.

Tax Planning
Maximize your tax-saving investments. Ensure you are using instruments like PPF, NPS, and tax-saving mutual funds.

Final Insights
Your current investment strategy is solid, but can be improved. Increase your equity exposure for higher long-term returns. Diversify your investments to reduce risk. Review and adjust your portfolio regularly.

Start SIPs in equity mutual funds and consider reallocating some FD funds to higher return investments. Maintain an emergency fund and maximize tax-saving investments.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

Ans: Creating a long-term investment plan early in your son's career is a wise decision. This approach will build a solid financial base and help him achieve future goals comfortably. Here’s a detailed, 360-degree approach for his investment planning.

Step 1: Setting Financial Goals
It’s crucial to establish clear financial goals as these will shape his investment journey.

Short-term Goals: Building an emergency fund, funding small personal needs, or saving for specific items.

Long-term Goals: Potential goals may include buying a house, higher education, or retirement planning.

Clearly defining these goals can direct his savings and make his financial path smoother.

Step 2: Building an Emergency Fund
Why It's Essential:

An emergency fund provides security during unexpected situations.
This is his financial safety net, covering at least 3-6 months of expenses.
Where to Invest:

Consider liquid mutual funds or high-yield savings accounts for quick access.
Start with small contributions from his salary to build this fund gradually.
Goal Amount:

Based on his monthly expenses, calculate an amount equivalent to 3-6 months' spending.
Creating this fund is the first priority before moving to other investments.

Step 3: Starting with SIP in Equity Mutual Funds
Equity mutual funds can provide growth over the long term. It’s important to choose actively managed funds, not index funds, to maximise returns.

Benefits of Actively Managed Funds:

Actively managed funds allow fund managers to adjust to market changes and seek higher returns.
These funds are more flexible and responsive than index funds, which simply track the market.
Choosing the Right Fund Types:

Large-Cap Funds: These provide stability as they invest in top companies.
Flexi-Cap Funds: These offer flexibility by investing across market capitalisation for balanced growth.
Small-Cap Funds: Small-cap funds are higher risk but can generate strong returns over a longer period.
Starting with a SIP:

A SIP (Systematic Investment Plan) enables disciplined investing with a fixed amount monthly.
Beginning with even a small SIP amount and gradually increasing it will build a solid corpus over time.
Tax Implications:

When selling equity mutual funds, long-term capital gains (LTCG) above Rs 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.
Short-term capital gains (STCG) are taxed at 20%. It’s advisable to hold investments long-term for tax efficiency.
Step 4: Exploring Tax-Saving Investments
Since he is just starting, your son should make the best of tax-saving investment options.

Public Provident Fund (PPF):

PPF offers risk-free returns with tax benefits under Section 80C.
Although returns are moderate, the interest is tax-free, and the fund is secure.
Equity-Linked Savings Scheme (ELSS):

ELSS mutual funds provide tax savings under Section 80C and offer growth through equity exposure.
They come with a three-year lock-in, which encourages long-term savings.
National Pension System (NPS):

NPS is a retirement-focused, tax-saving instrument.
It offers additional tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1B), with Rs 50,000 extra deduction.
Combining Multiple Options:

Use PPF for stability and ELSS for growth, ensuring tax benefits.
For long-term planning, NPS can supplement retirement savings.
Step 5: Health and Term Insurance Coverage
Adequate insurance coverage is essential. It shields your son and the family from potential financial burdens due to health issues or unexpected events.

Health Insurance:

Having health insurance early can ensure low premiums and build a secure future.
Choose a comprehensive plan covering major medical expenses. Many organisations offer group health insurance, but a separate policy adds extra coverage.
Term Insurance:

Term insurance may not be a priority now as he has no dependents.
He can consider term insurance later, especially when he has financial dependents or specific liabilities.
Step 6: Gradual Wealth Creation through Systematic Investment
As he grows in his career and income increases, it’s wise to gradually increase his investments.

Increasing SIP Amount:

Regularly increase his SIP amount, aiming to maintain at least 15-20% of his income for investments.
This will maximise compounding benefits and boost his corpus over time.
Step-Up Investments:

With salary increments, allocate a portion to step-up his SIPs in equity mutual funds.
This disciplined approach will help reach larger goals faster.
Step 7: Avoid Direct Funds; Invest via Certified Financial Planners
Why Direct Funds May Not Be Ideal:

Direct funds may seem to save fees but lack professional guidance, which is crucial for new investors.
Investments through a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) ensure expert management, making his investment journey smoother and less risky.
Regular Funds Managed by MFDs:

Mutual fund distributors (MFDs) with CFP credentials can offer ongoing portfolio reviews and adjustments.
This ensures the portfolio is aligned with changing market dynamics and your son’s financial goals.
Step 8: Reviewing and Realigning Investments Periodically
Why Regular Reviews Are Important:

Periodic reviews ensure that the portfolio remains aligned with financial goals.
Market trends and personal goals may change, and reviews help adapt the investment approach.
Consulting a Certified Financial Planner:

A CFP can provide valuable insights and strategies, especially as income and responsibilities grow.
Regular consultations help optimise asset allocation, risk management, and tax efficiency.
Step 9: Building Financial Discipline
Budgeting and Saving Habit:

Encourage your son to set a monthly budget to understand his expenses and track savings.
Prioritising savings from the start helps create financial discipline.
Emergency Fund Maintenance:

Review the emergency fund periodically and ensure it covers any increase in living expenses.
Use only for genuine emergencies, preserving his financial stability.
Avoiding High-Interest Debt:

Discourage him from credit card debt or personal loans, as they can impact his financial health.
Opt for planned spending to prevent debt and maintain healthy credit.
Finally
Your son’s new journey into financial independence is the right time to instill good investment habits. Starting with SIPs in equity mutual funds, maintaining an emergency fund, and exploring tax-saving instruments will set a strong foundation. Encourage him to be consistent, disciplined, and consult a Certified Financial Planner regularly. These small steps today will significantly shape his financial future.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment