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Dr Hemalata

Dr Hemalata Arora  | Answer  |Ask -

General Physician - Answered on Jul 13, 2023

Dr Hemalata Arora is a senior consultant who practises internal medicine at Mumbai’s Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital.
In a career spanning over 24 years, she has focused on managing infectious diseases, critical illnesses and lifestyle disorders.
Dr Arora completed her MBBS and MD from the King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College in Mumbai.
She is ECFMG certified, accredited by the American Board of Internal Medicine, Diplomate of the National Board and a DNB faculty.
She was honoured with the Paul Bunn award for her promising performance in the field of infectious diseases at SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York.... more
Sameer Question by Sameer on Jun 28, 2023Hindi
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What is the difference between Type 1 & type 2 Diabetes ?

Ans: Hello, Type 1 diabetes is a autoimmune condition where the body accidentally forms antibodies against the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. These cells are therefore destroyed and the person falls short of the required insulin to manage the sugars and other functions. These people will need supplemental insulin for the most part. On the other hand, Type 2 Diabetes is usually due to an acquired resistance to insulin by the insulin receptors. This usually happens when the receptors are overwhelmed by excess carbohydrate diet without any adequate burning of the same or increase fat deposition which releases inflammatory markers which in turn damage the insulin receptors and increase resistance to insulin. So, in these patients larger and larger amounts of insulin are required to manage the sugars despite good production of insulin. They are thus better managed by improving insulin receptor function, managing the sugars in other ways like increasing release in urine etc.
DISCLAIMER: The answer provided by rediffGURUS is for informational and general awareness purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical diagnosis or treatment.
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Can you tell us the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 duabetes? What are the variants of Type 2? How to check the production uf insulin by pancreas? What is Insulin Resistance? Why pancreas is not able to produce the required insulin after to digest and convert Carbs into Glucose? Is the pancreas is not receiving the right chemicals to produce insulin it the unit inside the pancreas is dead an can not produce insulin? Is there any reseach papers on the functioning of Pancreas. Controlling carbs is based on tge assumption that tge cells gave vecome ibsulin resitant ot the requird insulin is not being produced.
Ans: Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body doesn’t make any insulin. It always requires insulin and often diagnosed as young as 4 to 6 years old. Type 2 Diabetes is an hormonal condition common in adults. The body produces insulin initially, but cells don’t respond to it properly. Type 2 diabetes has common genetic variants identified through GWAS studies, as well as rare variants with varying effects, but much of the heritability remains unexplained. Insulin resistance occurs when cells in the body become less responsive to the effects of insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. In conditions like insulin resistance or Type 2 diabetes, the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Controlling carbohydrate intake is usually done as the pancreatic cells have become insulin resistant or that the required insulin is not being produced. There are many peer reviewed and scholarly research articles available at databases like google scholar.

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NEET, Medical, Pharmacy Careers - Answered on Mar 20, 2026

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Tips for kcet exam and required books for kcet exam if I'm in 2PUC
Ans: Hi Sadiya,

Greetings from Rediffgurus!

The KCET exam is based on the Karnataka 1st and 2nd PUC (Class 11 and 12) curriculum and includes subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Biology. The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) per subject, with each subject allotted 80 minutes. The content focuses 60% on 2nd PUC topics and 40% on 1st PUC topics, and there is no negative marking.

Subject-Wise Syllabus Highlights:

Physics: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Electrostatics, Magnetic Effects, Optics, and Modern Physics. A new unit on Experimental Skills has been introduced, which includes recent changes in Experimental Science for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Chemistry: Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry, covering Chemical Bonding, Thermodynamics, Equilibrium, and Redox Reactions.

Mathematics: Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus (which has high weightage), Coordinate Geometry, Statistics, and Probability.

Biology: Diversity of Living World, Structural Organization, Plant Physiology, Human Physiology, Reproduction, Genetics, and Biotechnology.

As you prepare for the exam, remember that the structure is primarily based on HSC (60% from 2nd PUC and 40% from 1st PUC topics).

To score better, try to complete each topic before your class teacher covers it in class. This way, if you have any doubts, you can seek clarification during class. You may also consider joining coaching classes for additional support.

If you need any further assistance, please don't hesitate to reply to this email.

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NEET, Medical, Pharmacy Careers - Answered on Mar 20, 2026

Asked by Anonymous - Mar 15, 2026Hindi
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NEET, Medical, Pharmacy Careers - Answered on Mar 20, 2026

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I have passed 12th in May 2024. I took a gap for preparation for NEET, but could not get good college. But in September 2025, I took admission in IIT Jodhpur's B.Sc./B.S. in Applied AI and Data Science (delivered in online mode, similar to IIT Madras's B.S. program), of which I'm currently a bona-fide student, and upon graduation in 2029, I will become an alumnus of IIT Jodhpur. Along with this, I will be joining an engineering college in 2026 to pursue dual degree (IITJ+ offline college). Do I have a gap of 1 year or 2 year in my education? What to write in my gap certificate ? It would have been very kind of you if you could help me regarding this matter.
Ans: Hi Sourindra,

Greetings from RediffGurus!

It's great to know that you're pursuing a dual degree, one from IIT and the other from another engineering institution. However, when selecting your engineering course, it's crucial to choose the right one. Even though you are pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Applied AI and Data Science online at IIT (J), it's important to have a traditional, on-campus degree as well because it will be beneficial when applying for jobs later.

You should be very careful to complete your courses on time. Otherwise, you may face challenges in finishing your degree within the prescribed duration. This is an essential aspect to consider when compared to obtaining a gap certificate.

Regarding the gap certificate, it's worth noting that most employers do not typically request it. However, when you submit your resume while applying for jobs, they may inquire about any gaps in your education. Given that you joined IIT (J) in 2025, the gap amounts to approximately 1.5 years. This will also be reflected in your resume.

There's no need to worry too much about the gap certificate. Just share this information in your resume proactively, before they ask. It's quite common nowadays, so you should be fine.

Best regards,

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Dr Nagarajan J S K   |2637 Answers  |Ask -

NEET, Medical, Pharmacy Careers - Answered on Mar 20, 2026

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Sir, I have passed 12th in May 2024. I took a gap for preparation for NEET, but could not get good college. But in September 2025, I took admission in IIT Jodhpur's B.Sc./B.S. in Applied AI and Data Science (delivered in online mode, similar to IIT Madras's B.S. program), and upon graduation in 2029, I will become an alumnus of IIT Jodhpur. Along with this, I will be joining an engineering college in 2026 to pursue dual degree (IITJ+ offline college). Sir, do I have a gap of 1 year or 2 year in my education? What to write in my gap certificate ? It would have been very kind of you if you could help me regarding this matter.
Ans: Hi Sourindra,

Greetings from RediffGurus!

It's great to know that you're pursuing a dual degree, one from IIT and the other from another engineering institution. However, when selecting your engineering course, it's crucial to choose the right one. Even though you are pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Applied AI and Data Science online at IIT (J), it's important to have a traditional, on-campus degree as well because it will be beneficial when applying for jobs later.

You should be very careful to complete your courses on time. Otherwise, you may face challenges in finishing your degree within the prescribed duration. This is an essential aspect to consider when compared to obtaining a gap certificate.

Regarding the gap certificate, it's worth noting that most employers do not typically request it. However, when you submit your resume while applying for jobs, they may inquire about any gaps in your education. Given that you joined IIT (J) in 2025, the gap amounts to approximately 1.5 years. This will also be reflected in your resume.

There's no need to worry too much about the gap certificate. Just share this information in your resume proactively, before they ask. It's quite common nowadays, so you should be fine.

Best regards,

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NEET, Medical, Pharmacy Careers - Answered on Mar 20, 2026

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Sir My Son has given class xth exams. He want to take PCB. Sir 1. what are the options other than MBBS, If neet is not cleared. because we can't afford private institutions. 2. What is the scope of Bioinformatics. is Math compulsory for bioinformatcs. Regards Gopal Krishan from Faridabad Haryana
Ans: HI GOPAL SIR,
GREETINGS FROM REDIFFGURUS.
If your ward is considering a career in medicine or engineering, opting for PCMB (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Biology) is a better choice than just PCB (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) alone. This path will offer more opportunities and help avoid future challenges in pursuing engineering.

PCMB provides a wider range of options compared to PCB. If he chooses PCB, entering the engineering field may prove to be more difficult.

For PCB, there are primarily two pathways to consider:

**With NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test):**
- MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)
- BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery)
- BVSC (Bachelor of Veterinary Science)
- AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy)
- Allied Health Sciences

**Without NEET:**
- Pharmacy
- Nursing
- B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT)
- All basic science streams (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Biotechnology, Food Science, etc.)

Regarding Bioinformatics, if he is interested in this field, he can pursue it part-time or through online courses as a supplementary option. However, it is essential to note that the scope for bioinformatics is limited compared to other courses.

There’s no need to worry; clearing NEET is achievable. The key is proper planning and support from you. If you need any further clarification, please feel free to reply to this message.

Best regards.

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DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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