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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Aug 04, 2025

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Nagendra Question by Nagendra on Jul 20, 2025Hindi
Money

Which mutual fund is good for 2 years

Ans: Thank you for choosing mutual funds for a 2-year goal.
That shows your focus on better returns than fixed deposits.
Short-term investing needs smart fund selection.
It should match low-risk and tax-efficient growth.

Here’s a 360-degree view on the right mutual funds for a 2-year time frame.

» Understand the Nature of Your Goal

– First, see if your goal is flexible or fixed.
– If it’s a fixed need, capital protection is the priority.
– If it’s flexible, some growth can be accepted with minor risk.
– Mutual funds should be chosen based on this clarity.

» Avoid Equity and Equity-Oriented Funds

– Equity funds are not fit for just 2 years.
– They are too volatile in the short run.
– Equity may fall suddenly and not recover in 2 years.
– Even large-cap funds carry short-term risks.
– For short goals, equity adds uncertainty.

» Don’t Consider Index Funds for Short-Term Needs

– Index funds have zero downside protection.
– If the market drops, you have no safety layer.
– They lack active management to cut losses.
– Index funds suit long-term growth plans, not 2-year needs.
– You need consistency, not just market-tracking.
– Actively managed funds adjust to protect value.
– You deserve active expertise, not passive following.

» Stay Away from Balanced and Hybrid Aggressive Funds

– These funds still have high equity exposure.
– In 2 years, even 60-70% equity is risky.
– Debt portion won’t cushion deep equity corrections.
– These funds suit medium to long term goals.
– They do not fit 2-year conservative targets.

» Choose Low Duration or Ultra Short Duration Funds

– These invest in high-quality short-term debt papers.
– Their maturity stays under 1 year or 6 months.
– This limits interest rate risk and price fluctuation.
– They offer better returns than savings or FD.
– You can expect stability with some upside.
– Liquidity is also smooth in these funds.

» Consider Money Market or Floater Funds for Stability

– These are highly liquid and carry low risk.
– They invest in top-rated instruments only.
– Suitable for 1 to 3 year investment windows.
– Returns are usually better than bank FDs.
– NAV doesn’t fluctuate like equity-based funds.
– Great fit for investors needing easy withdrawals.

» Short Duration Funds—If You Can Tolerate Slight Risk

– Invest in bonds of 1-3 years duration.
– Slightly higher risk than ultra-short funds.
– Better yield than money market options.
– Use only if you can stay invested fully.
– Don’t exit early as that invites losses.

» Do Not Use Gilt or Long-Term Bond Funds

– Gilt funds are highly sensitive to interest rates.
– Even if they hold safe government bonds, NAV may drop.
– Long duration means higher volatility short-term.
– Completely avoid these for a 2-year investment plan.

» Avoid Dynamic Bond Funds for Short-Term Goals

– These funds shift duration based on outlook.
– They may still take long-term calls.
– That increases unpredictability in short durations.
– Dynamic funds are better for 4–5 year horizon.
– Not suitable for stable 2-year needs.

» Taxation on Mutual Funds (New Rules)

– All debt mutual funds are taxed as per slab.
– No indexation or LTCG benefit anymore.
– Short-term and long-term both follow slab now.
– If you’re in 30% slab, choose tax-efficient options.
– Use SWP post 3 years to reduce taxes smartly.

» Be Careful with Direct Mutual Funds

– Direct plans look cheaper on paper.
– But you lose the service and review benefit.
– No one will monitor if fund performance drops.
– Mistakes can cost more than the saved commission.
– Regular plans through MFD with CFP offer safety.
– CFP ensures suitability and rebalancing.
– You pay for professional guidance and experience.

» Avoid ULIPs and Insurance-Linked Plans

– These are not built for short-term needs.
– Lock-ins, surrender penalties, and low liquidity hurt.
– Don’t mix insurance and investment ever.
– MF offers better clarity and transparency.

» SIP is Not Ideal for Short-Term Goals

– SIP works better in equity and long-term investing.
– For short term, lump sum is more useful.
– You can deploy in 2–3 tranches over 3 months.
– This helps reduce timing risk if interest rates shift.

» Ideal Mutual Fund Strategy for 2 Years

– Use 1 or 2 categories only.
– Avoid over-diversification or mixing too many funds.
– Choose 1 short duration fund.
– Pair with 1 ultra short duration fund.
– Keep emergency buffer separately in liquid funds.
– Review performance every 6 months.

» Plan for Withdrawals in Advance

– Don't exit all at once near maturity.
– Start SWP or STP 3 months before the goal.
– This reduces last-minute NAV shock risk.
– Plan exits smartly to match actual use date.

» Your 2-Year Fund Should Have These Qualities

– High-quality AAA-rated papers
– Low interest rate sensitivity
– Short average maturity
– Track record of low volatility
– Low default history
– Clean fund manager reputation
– No sudden credit calls

» Always Invest Through Certified Professionals

– Certified Financial Planners understand your goals better.
– They align fund choice with your purpose.
– Not just suggest returns but manage risk.
– MFD with CFP experience gives full support.
– Avoid DIY investing unless you monitor daily.
– One mistake in short-term investing hurts badly.

» Reinvest if Your Goal Gets Delayed

– If your goal gets postponed, don’t keep funds idle.
– Move from ultra-short to short-duration funds again.
– Keep compounding the idle amount.
– Avoid parking in savings account or FD.

» If You Hold Old Insurance-Cum-Investment Plans

– Plans like LIC endowment or ULIP drain returns.
– You may review surrendering after checking surrender value.
– Redeploy into short-term mutual funds instead.
– This improves efficiency and transparency.
– Don’t mix insurance and returns ever again.

» Don’t Compare with Fixed Deposits Blindly

– FDs offer assured returns but post-tax they fall.
– Mutual funds offer better liquidity.
– They are also more tax-efficient if planned well.
– FD interest is taxed annually.
– MF gains are taxed only when redeemed.
– This tax deferral helps overall returns.

» Rebalance to Liquid Fund Before Withdrawal

– In the final 3 months, shift to liquid fund.
– This gives ultra-low risk.
– Avoid holding even short-duration funds till last date.
– Liquidity and safety become top need near the goal.

» Investment is Not Just Product Selection

– Proper planning matters more than choosing a fund.
– The product must fit your real-life need.
– Investing through a goal-based lens is key.
– CFP professionals focus on your life needs, not just returns.

» Finally

– For 2-year goals, choose low-risk, short-duration mutual funds.
– Avoid equity, index, and aggressive hybrid funds.
– Don't go for direct or ULIP plans.
– Reinvest old insurance maturity wisely.
– Keep safety, liquidity, and simplicity in mind.
– Partner with a Certified Financial Planner-backed MFD.
– Monitor quarterly but act only when needed.
– Never compromise on your peace for chasing extra returns.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP
Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
Money

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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 17, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jul 17, 2024Hindi
Listen
Money
Which mutual fund is best for minimum 1 year.
Ans: When investing for a minimum of one year, it's important to choose funds with lower volatility and stable returns. Your primary goal should be capital preservation with modest growth.
Benefits of Actively Managed Funds
• Professional Management: Fund managers actively select stocks.
• Flexibility: Managers can adjust portfolios based on market conditions.
• Potential for Higher Returns: Actively managed funds can outperform indexes.
Disadvantages of Index Funds
• Lack of Flexibility: They mimic the index regardless of market conditions.
• No Active Management: There’s no opportunity to capitalize on market trends.
• Possible Underperformance: During volatile periods, index funds may not fare well.
Disadvantages of Direct Funds
• Self-Management: Requires personal research and monitoring.
• No Advisory Support: Missing professional advice can lead to poor decisions.
• Time-Consuming: Managing investments without a planner takes time.
Best Fund Types for Short-Term Investment
Liquid Funds
• Low Risk: Invest in short-term government securities and bonds.
• High Liquidity: Easy to redeem with minimal exit load.
• Stable Returns: Provides modest and predictable returns.
Ultra-Short Duration Funds
• Short Maturity: Invests in instruments with a short maturity period.
• Higher Returns: Slightly higher returns than liquid funds.
• Low Risk: Low interest rate risk due to short duration.
Arbitrage Funds
• Low Volatility: Takes advantage of price differences in markets.
• Tax Efficiency: Treated as equity funds for tax purposes.
• Stable Returns: Suitable for short-term with potential for better returns than liquid funds.
Factors to Consider
Expense Ratio
• Lower Expense Ratio: Ensures more of your money is invested.
• Impact on Returns: High expenses can eat into returns over a short period.
Exit Load
• Check for Exit Load: Some funds charge a fee if you withdraw early.
• Affects Liquidity: Important for short-term investments.
Fund Performance
• Historical Performance: Look at the fund’s performance over the past year.
• Consistency: Choose funds with consistent returns.
Diversify Your Investment
• Spread Risk: Don’t put all your money in one fund.
• Multiple Funds: Invest in a mix of liquid, ultra-short, and arbitrage funds.
• Balanced Approach: Ensures better risk management.
Monitoring Your Investment
• Regular Reviews: Check your investment performance periodically.
• Market Conditions: Be aware of changes in the market that could affect your funds.
• Adjust if Necessary: Don’t hesitate to make changes if a fund isn’t performing well.
Final Insights
Investing for a minimum of one year requires careful selection of funds. Focus on liquid, ultra-short duration, and arbitrage funds for stability and modest returns. Actively managed funds offer professional oversight and potential for higher returns. Avoid index funds and direct funds for short-term goals due to their limitations. Always diversify your investments and monitor performance regularly.
Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Oct 15, 2024

Money
Sir, which are the best mutual fund to invest now in lumpsum for 2 years?
Ans: Investing in mutual funds for a short-term period of 2 years requires a careful approach. While mutual funds can offer good returns, the short-term horizon calls for a more conservative strategy. Here’s a breakdown of the best types of funds to consider for a 2-year lumpsum investment:

Consider Low-Risk Options
For a 2-year period, capital preservation is key. Opt for debt-oriented funds or hybrid funds. Equity exposure is risky due to potential market volatility.

Debt funds are relatively safer for such a short horizon. These include ultra-short duration funds, short-term debt funds, or banking and PSU funds. These funds invest in government securities, corporate bonds, and other fixed-income instruments that have low credit risk and provide stable returns.

Hybrid funds are another good option if you’re willing to take a little more risk. These funds invest in a mix of equity and debt, providing some equity exposure for higher returns while keeping risk in check with debt instruments.

Keep in mind that equity-based funds should be avoided for such short-term goals as they tend to have higher volatility. The risk of losing capital in a two-year period is significant, and market corrections can adversely affect your investment.

Be Mindful of Liquidity
Liquidity is important in short-term investments. Choose funds that offer quick redemption without high exit loads. Debt funds generally have better liquidity than long-term equity funds.

If you’re sure that you won’t need the funds for two years, consider ultra-short duration funds or short-term bond funds with high liquidity and minimal lock-in periods.

Analyse Tax Efficiency
Mutual fund investments are taxed based on the type of fund and the holding period. For a two-year investment horizon, taxation can have a considerable impact on your overall returns.

Equity mutual funds: For a holding period of less than one year, short-term capital gains (STCG) are taxed at 20%. If held for over one year but under two years, long-term capital gains (LTCG) above Rs. 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.

Debt mutual funds: For holding periods less than three years, short-term capital gains are taxed as per your income tax slab. Therefore, for debt funds, your gains will be added to your taxable income and taxed accordingly.

Invest in tax-efficient instruments like debt funds for lower tax impact over this period.

Regular Funds vs. Direct Funds
When investing through a mutual fund distributor (MFD) with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) credential, you get professional advice that helps you choose the right funds. This guidance can ensure better fund selection, suited to your goals.

Direct funds may have lower expense ratios but require a deep understanding of market dynamics and fund performance. Without proper guidance, the risks associated with direct fund investments could outweigh the potential cost savings.

For long-term success, it’s better to invest in regular funds through a trusted MFD.

Market Conditions and Flexibility
The current market conditions should also guide your decision. Since the market can fluctuate, opting for conservative funds helps shield your capital from sudden downturns. However, if you’re willing to take on slightly more risk, hybrid funds could offer better returns without overexposing your investment to the market's volatility.

Keep Your Financial Goals in Mind
It’s important to assess your financial goals before making any lumpsum investment. Since your investment horizon is only 2 years, the primary focus should be on protecting your capital and earning modest returns.

Avoid Index Funds
Index funds track a specific index and do not actively manage the investment to mitigate risks or adjust to market conditions. This means that they may not be the best choice for a short-term investment of 2 years. Actively managed funds, such as debt and hybrid funds, offer better control over risks and can provide more stable returns within this time frame.

Risk Assessment
Debt funds and hybrid funds come with relatively low risks compared to equity funds. However, it’s important to note that even these carry some level of interest rate risk and credit risk. Choosing funds with high-quality bonds and low credit risk is crucial for safeguarding your investment over two years.

If you have a low-risk appetite, sticking to ultra-short duration or short-term debt funds is advisable. These funds typically invest in securities with shorter maturity periods, making them less sensitive to interest rate fluctuations and providing better capital protection.

For those with moderate risk tolerance, hybrid funds can provide slightly higher returns while still keeping your capital relatively safe. These funds balance equity and debt exposure, allowing for some capital appreciation while limiting volatility.

Final Insights
For your 2-year investment horizon, opt for debt or hybrid funds. These funds focus on capital preservation and provide reasonable returns with lower risk compared to equity-focused funds.

Short-term investments require a cautious approach, and selecting funds with high liquidity and low risk will help you achieve your financial goals within this timeframe. Be mindful of taxation on mutual fund gains and always seek guidance from a Certified Financial Planner to make informed decisions.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 06, 2025Hindi
Money
Dear Sir/Ma'am, I need some guidance and advice for continuing my mutual fund investments. I am a 36 year old male, married, no kids yet and no debts/liabilities as such. I have couple of savings in PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and long term investing in direct stocks. I recently started below mentioned SIPs for long term to grow wealth. Request you to review the same and let me know if I should continue with the SIPs or need to rationalize. Kindly also advice on how to invest a lumpsum amount of around 6lacs. invesco small cap 2000 motilal oswal midcap 2700 parag parikh flexicap 3000 HDFC flexicap 3100 ICICI prudential largecap 3100 HDFC large and midcap 3100 HDFC gold etf FOF 2000 ICICI Pru equity and debt fund 3000 HDFC balanced advantage fund 3000 nippon india silver etf FOF 2000
Ans: You already built a solid foundation. Many investors delay planning. But you started early at 36. That gives you a strong advantage. You have no liabilities. You have long term thinking. You also have diversified savings like PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and direct stocks. That shows clarity and discipline. This approach builds wealth with less stress over time.

You also started systematic investments in equity funds. That is a positive step. Your selection covers multiple categories like large cap, mid cap, small cap, flexi cap, hybrid and precious metals. So the intent is right. You are trying to create a broad portfolio. That gives balance.

» Your Portfolio Composition Understanding
Your current SIP list includes:

Small cap

Mid cap

Flexi cap

Large cap

Large and mid cap

Hybrid category

Gold and Silver FoF

Equity and Debt allocation fund

Dynamic hybrid fund

This shows you are trying to cover many segments. But too many categories can create overlap. When there is overlap, you get confusion during review. It also makes portfolio discipline difficult. You may think you are diversified. But the holdings inside may repeat. That reduces efficiency.

Your portfolio now looks like:

Equity dominant

Hybrid for stability

Metals for hedge

So the broad direction is fine. But simplifying helps in long-term habit building.

» Fund Category Duplication
You hold:

Two flexi cap funds

One large and mid cap fund

One pure large cap fund

One mid cap fund

One small cap fund

Flexi cap funds already invest across large, mid, small. Then large and mid also overlaps. So the large cap exposure gets repeated. That may not add extra benefit. But it increases monitoring complexity.

So I suggest rationalising. Keep one fund per category in core. Keep satellite space for only high conviction.

» Core and Satellite Strategy
A structured portfolio follows core and satellite method.

Core portfolio should be:

Simple

Long term

Stable

Satellite portfolio can be:

High growth

Concentrated

Based on your thinking level, you can structure like this:

Core funds:

One large cap

One flexi cap

One hybrid equity and debt fund

One balanced advantage type fund

Satellite funds:

One mid cap

One small cap

One metal allocation if needed

This division gives clarity. You can continue SIPs with review every year. No need to stop and restart often. That reduces behavioural mistakes.

» Your Current SIP List Review with Suggested Streamlining

You can consider continuing:

One flexi cap

One large cap

One mid cap

One small cap

One balanced advantage

One equity and debt hybrid

You may reconsider keeping both flexi caps and both gold silver funds. One of each category is enough. Because too many funds do not increase returns. It complicates tracking.

Precious metal funds should not be more than 5 to 7 percent in your portfolio. This is because metals are hedge assets. They do not create compounding like equity. They act as protection during cycles. So keep them small.

» How to Use the Rs 6 Lakh Lump Sum
You asked about lump sum investing. This is important. Lump sum should not go fully into equity at one time. Markets move in cycles. So use a staggered method. You can invest the lump sum through STP (Systematic Transfer Plan). You can keep the amount in a liquid fund and set STP toward your chosen growth funds over 6 to 12 months.

This reduces timing risk. It also creates discipline. So your Rs 6 lakh can be deployed gradually. You may use 50% towards core equity funds and 30% toward satellite growth category. The remaining 20% can go into hybrid category. This gives balance and comfort.

» Regular Funds Over Direct Funds
One important point many investors miss. Direct funds look cheaper. But they demand deep knowledge, discipline, and behaviour control. Most investors lose more through emotional selling and wrong timing than they save on expense ratio.

With regular funds through a Mutual Fund Distributor with Certified Financial Planner qualification, you get guidance, structure and correction. The advisory discipline protects you during market extremes. That is more valuable than a small saving in expense ratio.

A personalised planner also tracks portfolio drift, rebalancing need and category shifts. So regular fund investing gives long-term benefit and behaviour coaching.

» Actively Managed Funds over Index or ETF
Some investors choose index funds or ETF thinking they are simple and cheap. But they ignore drawbacks.

Index funds or ETF will not avoid weak companies in the index. They will invest whether the company grows or struggles. There is no fund manager decision making. So when markets are at peak, index funds continue aggressive exposure. In downturns also they fall fully. There is no cushion.

Actively managed funds work with research teams. They can avoid bad sectors. They can shift allocation based on market and economy. Over long term, this gives better alpha and stability. So continuing with actively managed funds creates better wealth compounding.

» SIP Continuation Strategy
Once the rationalisation is done, continue SIPs every month without interruption. Pause and restart behaviour damages compounding power. SIP works best when you go through all market cycles. You benefit more during corrections because cost averaging works.

So continue SIP amount. You can also review SIP increase every year based on income. Increasing SIP by 10 to 15 percent every year helps you reach large corpus faster.

» Asset Allocation Based Approach
One key point in wealth creation is having the right asset mix. Equity gives growth. Hybrid gives balance. Metals give hedge. Debt gives safety. Your asset allocation should stay aligned to your risk profile and time horizon.

Since you are young and have long term horizon, higher equity allocation is fine. But as time moves, rebalancing is important. Rebalancing protects gains and restores allocation.

So review your asset allocation every year or during major life events like child birth, home buying or retirement planning.

» Behaviour Management
Many portfolios fail not due to bad funds. They fail due to bad decisions. Selling during correction. Stopping SIP when market falls. Chasing past return performance. These mistakes reduce wealth.

Your discipline so far is good. Continue to stay patient during volatility. Equity rewards patience and time.

» Financial Goals Clarity
Since you have no children now, you can decide your long-term goals. Typical goals may include:

Retirement

Future child education

Dream lifestyle purchase

Health care reserves

When goals are clear, investment purpose becomes stronger. So you can map each fund category to goal horizon. Short-term goals should not use equity. Long-term goals should use equity with hybrid support.

» Role of Review and Monitoring
Review once in a year is enough. Frequent review can create anxiety. Annual review helps check:

Fund performance

Expense drift

Category relevance

Allocation balance

Then adjust only if needed. This progress helps you stay confident and aligned.

» Taxation Awareness
Equity mutual funds taxation rules are:

Short term (below one year holding) taxable at 20 percent

Long term (above one year holding) gains above Rs 1.25 lakh taxable at 12.5 percent

Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.

So always hold equity funds for long term. That reduces tax impact and gives better growth.

» SIP Increase Plan
You can create a simple plan to increase SIP over time. For example:

Increase SIP at every salary increment

Increase SIP during bonus time

Use rewards or extra income for investing

This habit accelerates wealth. So by the time you reach 45 to 50 years, your investments could reach a strong level.

» Insurance and Protection
Before investing large, ensure you have term insurance and health insurance. If not already done, it is important. Insurance protects wealth. Without insurance, even a small medical event can impact investment plan. So review this part also. Since you are married, cover both.

» Wealth Behaviour Mindset
You are already disciplined. Just keep these simple principles:

Invest without stopping

Review once a year

Avoid funds overlap

Follow asset allocation

Avoid reacting to media noise

This helps you reach long term milestones.

» Finally
You are on the right track. Only fine tuning and simplification is needed. Your discipline is visible. Your portfolio will grow well with structure, patience and periodic review. Use the Rs 6 lakh with STP approach. And continue SIP with rationalised categories.

With time and consistency, wealth creation becomes effortless and peaceful. You just need to stay committed and avoid overthinking during market movements.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Dr Dipankar

Dr Dipankar Dutta  |1837 Answers  |Ask -

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 05, 2025

Career
Dear Sir, I did my BTech from a normal engineering college not very famous. The teaching was not great and hence i did not study well. I tried my best to learn coding including all the technologies like html,css,javascript,react js,dba,php because i wanted to be a web developer But nothing seem to enter my head except html and css. I don't understand a language which has more complexities. Is it because of my lack of experience or not devoting enough time. I am not sure. I did many courses online and tried to do diplomas also abroad which i passed somehow. I recently joined android development course because i like apps but the teaching was so fast that i could not memorize anything. There was no time to even take notes down. During the course i did assignments and understood the code because i have to pass but after the course is over i tend to forget everything. I attempted a lot of interviews. Some of them i even got but could not perform well so they let me go. Now due to the AI booming and job markets in a bad shape i am re-thinking whether to keep studying or whether its just time waste. Since 3 years i am doing labour type of jobs which does not yield anything to me for survival and to pay my expenses. I have the quest to learn everything but as soon as i sit in front of the computer i listen to music or read something else. What should i do to stay more focused? What should i do to make myself believe confident. Is there still scope of IT in todays world? Kindly advise.
Ans: Your story does not show failure.
It shows persistence, effort, and desire to improve.

Most people give up.
You didn’t.
That means you will succeed — but with the right method, not the old one.

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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