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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7026 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 11, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Tarun Question by Tarun on Jun 08, 2024Hindi
Money

Hi Ma'am, I am 47 years old and want to invest 1Cr in Mutual fund in today's market condition. My objective to get 2Cr in 5 years. Is this possible ? If yes , what are the funds should I choose ? Thank you.

Ans: It’s awesome that you’re looking to double your investment in 5 years. Let’s break down how to achieve this goal.

Understanding Your Goal
You want to invest Rs 1 crore today and aim to have Rs 2 crores in 5 years. This is an ambitious goal, and we'll need a well-thought-out strategy.

Doubling your investment in 5 years means you’re looking for a return of about 15% per annum. This is quite high, but with the right approach, it’s possible.

Evaluating the Market Conditions
Today's market conditions are crucial to consider. Markets can be volatile, and while they offer high returns, they also come with risks. We need a balanced approach that maximizes returns while managing risks.

Diversifying your investment across different mutual funds is key. It spreads risk and increases the chances of achieving your goal.

Types of Mutual Funds
Mutual funds can be categorized into equity funds, debt funds, and hybrid funds. Each has its own risk and return profile.

Equity Funds: Invest in stocks. High returns but high risk.

Debt Funds: Invest in bonds. Lower returns but safer.

Hybrid Funds: Mix of equity and debt. Balanced risk and return.

Equity Funds: Driving Growth
Equity funds will be the primary driver of growth in your portfolio. They offer high returns but come with higher risks. Let’s look at different types of equity funds:

Large Cap Funds
Large Cap Funds invest in large companies with a strong track record. They are relatively stable and provide steady returns.

Mid Cap Funds
Mid Cap Funds invest in mid-sized companies. These funds offer a balance between growth and stability.

Small Cap Funds
Small Cap Funds invest in smaller companies. These are riskier but have the potential for higher returns.

Actively Managed Funds vs. Index Funds
Actively managed funds have fund managers who aim to outperform the market by selecting the best stocks.

Advantages:

Potential for higher returns.

Professional management.

Disadvantages of Index Funds:

Simply mirror the market.

Limited to market performance.

Debt Funds: Stability and Safety
Debt funds provide stability to your portfolio. They are less volatile and offer steady returns. Here are different types of debt funds:

Short-Term Debt Funds
Suitable for short-term investments. Less affected by interest rate changes.

Long-Term Debt Funds
Suitable for long-term investments. Higher yield but more sensitive to interest rates.

Hybrid Funds: Balanced Approach
Hybrid funds invest in both equity and debt. They provide a balanced risk-return profile. Here are different types of hybrid funds:

Aggressive Hybrid Funds
Higher exposure to equity. Suitable for higher returns with moderate risk.

Conservative Hybrid Funds
Higher exposure to debt. Suitable for steady returns with lower risk.

Sectoral and Thematic Funds
Sectoral funds invest in specific sectors like technology, healthcare, or finance. Thematic funds invest based on a specific theme like infrastructure or ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance).

Advantages:

Potential for high returns if the sector/theme performs well.
Disadvantages:

Higher risk due to concentration in one sector/theme.
Power of Compounding
Compounding is when your returns start generating returns. The longer you stay invested, the more your money grows.

Example: Investing Rs 1 crore with an annual return of 15% can significantly grow over 5 years due to compounding.

Risks and Diversification
Understanding and managing risks is crucial. Equity funds are subject to market risks, but they offer higher returns. Debt funds are safer but offer lower returns.

Diversification: Spreading investments across different funds and sectors helps in managing risks.

Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)
A SIP is a disciplined way of investing. You invest a fixed amount regularly in mutual funds. This averages out the cost of investment over time.

SIPs are flexible and can be started with a small amount. They are a great way to build wealth gradually and systematically.

Tax Planning
Effective tax planning helps in saving money. Invest in tax-saving instruments to reduce your tax liability.

Example: Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) offer tax benefits under Section 80C.

Monitoring and Rebalancing
Regularly monitor your investments to ensure they align with your goals. Rebalancing your portfolio helps in maintaining the desired asset allocation.

Example: If one sector performs exceptionally well, rebalancing can help in locking gains and reducing exposure.

Professional Guidance
Seeking guidance from a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) can be beneficial. They provide personalized advice, monitor your investments, and suggest adjustments.

Advantages:

Expert advice.

Professional portfolio management.

Achieving Your Goal
To double your investment in 5 years, we need a mix of high-growth equity funds and stable debt funds. Let’s create a diversified portfolio:

Equity Funds (70%): Focus on large cap, mid cap, and small cap funds.

Debt Funds (20%): Include both short-term and long-term debt funds.

Hybrid Funds (10%): A mix of aggressive and conservative hybrid funds.

Final Insights
Achieving Rs 2 crores in 5 years with an investment of Rs 1 crore is ambitious but possible. Regular savings, smart investments, and professional guidance are key.

Action Plan:

Start SIPs in diversified mutual funds.

Monitor and rebalance your portfolio regularly.

Ensure adequate insurance coverage.

Set up an emergency fund and education fund for children.

Make lifestyle adjustments and explore additional income sources.

Seek professional guidance from a Certified Financial Planner.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Hi Team, I am 37 years old and a CTC of 16 lakhs. I am thinking of investing in mutual funds to get 2cr on retirement. Kindly advise which mutual funds i should invest
Ans: Crafting a Mutual Fund Investment Strategy for Retirement
At 37 with a clear financial goal, it's essential to choose mutual funds that align with your risk tolerance and long-term objectives.

Understanding Your Financial Goals
Retirement Corpus
Seeking a ?2 crore corpus for retirement indicates a forward-thinking approach to financial planning and wealth accumulation.

Long-Term Perspective
At your age, you have a considerable investment horizon, allowing you to harness the power of compounding for wealth creation.

Assessing Investment Options
Equity Mutual Funds
Given your long-term goal, equity mutual funds offer the potential for higher returns compared to debt or hybrid funds.

Diversification
Consider diversifying your portfolio across large-cap, mid-cap, and multi-cap funds to spread risk and optimize returns.

Benefits of Active Management
Professional Expertise
Actively managed funds are overseen by experienced fund managers who make strategic investment decisions to maximize returns.

Adaptability
Fund managers can adjust portfolio holdings based on market conditions and capitalize on emerging opportunities for growth.

Disadvantages of Index Funds
Limited Upside Potential
Index funds aim to replicate the performance of a benchmark index, limiting potential for outperformance.

Lack of Flexibility
Investors are tied to the performance of the index and have limited ability to capitalize on market inefficiencies or changing trends.

Choosing Regular Funds Over Direct Funds
Benefits of Regular Funds
Regular funds offer the expertise of Mutual Fund Distributors (MFDs) with CFP credentials who provide personalized advice and ongoing support.

Disadvantages of Direct Funds
Direct funds lack the guidance and assistance of financial professionals, increasing the risk of making suboptimal investment decisions.

Tailoring Your Portfolio
Risk Appetite
Assess your risk tolerance and choose funds that match your comfort level with market fluctuations.

Asset Allocation
Maintain a balanced portfolio by allocating investments across different asset classes to reduce risk and enhance stability.

Conclusion
By investing in actively managed equity mutual funds through a Certified Financial Planner, you can work towards achieving your retirement goal of ?2 crore. Remember to regularly review your portfolio, stay informed about market trends, and adjust your investments as needed to stay on track.

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Sir, I am 50 years, want to invest in mutual fund. I have 10 lakh in hand. I want 1 cr in 10 years. Pls guide me.
Ans: Crafting a Path to Financial Success with Mutual Funds
Congratulations on your decision to invest in mutual funds to achieve your long-term financial goals. Let's chart a course to help you turn your ?10 lakh investment into ?1 crore over the next decade.

Understanding Your Investment Objective:
Your aspiration to grow your ?10 lakh investment into ?1 crore in 10 years is ambitious yet achievable with careful planning and strategic investment decisions.

Setting Realistic Expectations:
While the goal of reaching ?1 crore is commendable, it's essential to understand that investment returns are subject to market fluctuations and varying levels of risk.

Building a Strategy for Success:
To achieve your target, we'll devise a systematic investment plan leveraging the potential of mutual funds.

Asset Allocation and Diversification:
We'll allocate your investment across a diversified portfolio of mutual funds, encompassing various asset classes such as equities, debt, and balanced funds.

Benefits of Mutual Funds for Long-Term Growth:
Professional Management: Skilled fund managers will actively manage your investments, navigating market trends to maximize returns.

Diversification: By spreading your investment across different funds, we'll mitigate risk and capture opportunities across multiple sectors and asset classes.

Flexibility: Mutual funds offer the flexibility to adjust your investment strategy over time, ensuring alignment with changing market conditions and your evolving financial goals.

Potential Challenges and Mitigation Strategies:
While investing in mutual funds offers significant potential for wealth creation, it's crucial to remain mindful of certain challenges:

Market Volatility: Fluctuations in the market can impact the value of your investments. However, a disciplined approach to investing and staying invested for the long term can help weather market ups and downs.

Inflation: Over a 10-year period, inflation can erode the purchasing power of your wealth. Investing in growth-oriented mutual funds can help counteract the effects of inflation and strive for real returns.

Monitoring and Review:
Regular monitoring and review of your investment portfolio will be essential to ensure it remains aligned with your financial goals and risk tolerance.

Conclusion: Embarking on a Journey of Wealth Creation
In conclusion, investing ?10 lakh in mutual funds with the aim of reaching ?1 crore in 10 years is a realistic goal that can be achieved through diligent planning, disciplined investing, and strategic asset allocation.

As a Certified Financial Planner, I am committed to guiding you through every step of your investment journey, helping you navigate market complexities and realize your financial aspirations.

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Chief Financial Planner,
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Asked by Anonymous - May 21, 2024Hindi
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Hello sir I am single mother of two kids ( one is 7 years old and second is 5 years old) I am investing in mutual funds since 2020 1.) axis ELSS tax saver fund 5k 2.) Axis flexi cap fund 5k 3.) Axis focused fund 5k 4.)kotak flexi cap fund 2.5k 5.) mirae asset large cap fund 2.5k Recently I added three more fund in portfolio Quant small cap fund 2.5k ICICI prudential multi asset fund 1k Aditya Birla sun life PSu EQuity fund 1k Can u pls suggest me is it possible to make 1cr in next 7 years ? And have 15 lakh emergency fund
Ans: Achieving Your Financial Goals: A Detailed Plan for a Single Mother of Two

First of all, I commend you on taking the initiative to invest in mutual funds since 2020. It's impressive and shows your commitment to securing your financial future and that of your children. Managing finances as a single mother can be challenging, but your proactive approach is a significant first step.

Understanding Your Current Investments
Let's analyze your current investment portfolio. You have been investing in several mutual funds which are diversified across different categories:

Axis ELSS Tax Saver Fund: Rs 5,000
Axis Flexi Cap Fund: Rs 5,000
Axis Focused Fund: Rs 5,000
Kotak Flexi Cap Fund: Rs 2,500
Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund: Rs 2,500
Quant Small Cap Fund: Rs 2,500
ICICI Prudential Multi Asset Fund: Rs 1,000
Aditya Birla Sun Life PSU Equity Fund: Rs 1,000
Your portfolio is a mix of large-cap, small-cap, multi-cap, and tax-saving funds. This diversification is good, but we need to ensure it aligns with your goals.

Evaluating Your Financial Goals
1. Goal: Accumulating Rs 1 Crore in 7 Years
To accumulate Rs 1 crore in 7 years, let's first understand the required rate of return. Assuming you continue to invest Rs 24,500 monthly, we need to calculate the growth rate needed to reach Rs 1 crore.

2. Goal: Building a Rs 15 Lakh Emergency Fund
An emergency fund is essential, especially for a single mother. It provides a safety net for unexpected expenses.

Analysing Your Investment Portfolio
1. Portfolio Composition
Your portfolio has a mix of equity mutual funds with varying risk levels. Equity funds generally offer high returns over the long term but come with higher risks.

2. Risk Assessment
Since your goal is to accumulate Rs 1 crore in 7 years, you need a higher exposure to equity. However, it's crucial to balance risk and ensure the portfolio suits your risk tolerance.

Expected Returns and Required Growth Rate
1. Calculating the Future Value of Your Current Investments
To calculate whether you can reach Rs 1 crore, we need to estimate the future value of your investments. Assume an average annual return of 12% for your equity investments.

2. Estimating the Emergency Fund Growth
Your emergency fund should be kept in low-risk instruments. Debt mutual funds or liquid funds are suitable for this purpose, offering stability and liquidity.

Strategies to Reach Your Financial Goals
1. Maximising Returns on Existing Investments
Regular Monitoring and Rebalancing: Ensure you review your portfolio at least once a year. Rebalance based on performance and goals.
Invest in High-Growth Funds: Focus on funds with a strong performance history. Avoid sector-specific or highly volatile funds.
2. Emergency Fund Allocation
Debt Mutual Funds: Allocate a portion of your savings to debt mutual funds for stability.
Liquid Funds: Consider liquid funds for their high liquidity and low risk.
Detailed Analysis of Your Investments
1. Axis ELSS Tax Saver Fund
ELSS funds provide tax benefits under Section 80C. They come with a lock-in period of three years, offering potential high returns due to equity exposure.

2. Axis Flexi Cap Fund and Axis Focused Fund
These funds provide diversified equity exposure, investing across market caps. They offer a balanced approach to risk and return.

3. Kotak Flexi Cap Fund and Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund
Flexi cap and large-cap funds invest in stable, large companies. They provide relatively lower risk compared to mid or small-cap funds.

4. Quant Small Cap Fund
Small-cap funds can deliver high returns but come with significant risk. Suitable for long-term goals with high-risk tolerance.

5. ICICI Prudential Multi Asset Fund
This fund invests in a mix of asset classes, including equity, debt, and gold. It provides diversification and reduces risk.

6. Aditya Birla Sun Life PSU Equity Fund
Invests in public sector companies, which might be volatile but can offer high returns if the sector performs well.

Future Projections and Adjustments
1. Projections Based on Current Investments
Assuming a 12% annual return, you need to regularly invest and monitor the performance to stay on track.

2. Adjustments and Rebalancing
Periodically rebalance your portfolio to adjust for market changes and to align with your goals.

Planning for Children's Education and Other Goals
1. Education Fund
Start a separate fund for your children's education. Consider child education plans or specific mutual funds targeting education savings.

2. Contingency Planning
Ensure you have adequate insurance coverage, including health and term insurance. This provides financial protection against unforeseen events.

Importance of Regular Savings and Investments
1. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)
Continue with SIPs to instill discipline in saving and investing. SIPs average out market volatility over time.

2. Increasing Investment Amounts
As your income grows, increase your SIP amounts. This accelerates the growth of your corpus.

Seeking Professional Guidance
1. Certified Financial Planner (CFP)
Consulting a Certified Financial Planner can help tailor your investments to your goals and risk tolerance.

Understanding the Role of Active Management
1. Benefits of Actively Managed Funds
Actively managed funds aim to outperform the market through strategic stock selection. They offer the potential for higher returns compared to index funds.

2. Disadvantages of Index Funds
Index funds mirror the market and offer average returns. They lack the potential for above-market gains and are less flexible.

Revisiting and Realigning Financial Goals
1. Regular Review
Set periodic reviews of your financial goals and portfolio performance. Adjust your strategies as needed to stay on track.

2. Aligning with Life Changes
As your children grow, your financial needs may change. Be ready to adjust your investment strategy to meet new demands.

Steps to Build and Maintain an Emergency Fund
1. Setting Aside Funds
Start by setting aside a portion of your monthly income into a liquid or debt fund.

2. Maintaining Liquidity
Ensure that your emergency fund is easily accessible. Avoid locking it in long-term instruments.

Investment Strategy for Wealth Creation
1. Diversification
Continue diversifying your portfolio across different asset classes to manage risk.

2. Long-Term Perspective
Maintain a long-term perspective to ride out market volatility and achieve higher returns.

Conclusion
Your commitment to investing for your and your children’s future is commendable. With a balanced approach, regular reviews, and adjustments, you can achieve your financial goals. Building a Rs 1 crore corpus and a Rs 15 lakh emergency fund in 7 years is ambitious but achievable with disciplined investing and strategic planning.

Final Thoughts
Stay focused on your goals, maintain regular investments, and seek professional advice when needed. Your proactive approach sets a strong foundation for a secure financial future.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

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Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7026 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 21, 2024

Money
Hi Sir , hope you are well. I want to invest 1Cr (lump sum) in Mutual funds in today's market condition. My objective to get 2Cr in 5 years. Is this realistic expectation. If yes. what are the funds I should choose? Thank you.
Ans: Investing Rs 1 Crore in Mutual Funds: A Detailed Guide for Achieving Your Financial Goals

Understanding Your Financial Objective
You want to invest Rs 1 crore in mutual funds and aim to double it to Rs 2 crore in 5 years. This is an ambitious goal, and while it is theoretically possible, it requires a significant return on investment.

Setting Realistic Expectations
Expected Returns
Doubling your investment in 5 years implies a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 15%. Historically, achieving such high returns consistently over a 5-year period is challenging.

Market Volatility
The stock market is volatile, and while some funds may perform exceptionally well, others might not. Hence, it is crucial to have a balanced and well-thought-out investment strategy.

Risk Tolerance and Investment Horizon
Assessing Risk
Investing in mutual funds, especially equity funds, involves market risks. You need to assess your risk tolerance. If you are willing to accept short-term volatility for potential long-term gains, equity funds might be suitable.

Time Horizon
Your investment horizon is 5 years. Typically, equity funds are recommended for a longer horizon (7-10 years) to mitigate market volatility. For a 5-year horizon, a mix of equity and debt funds might be more appropriate.

Portfolio Diversification
Importance of Diversification
Diversification spreads risk across different asset classes and sectors, reducing the impact of poor performance in any single area. A diversified portfolio is crucial for balancing risk and return.

Suggested Allocation
Given your goal and time horizon, a balanced approach is recommended. Here’s a suggested allocation:

Equity Funds
Large-Cap Funds: Invest in large, well-established companies. These funds are less volatile and provide stable returns.

Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Funds: These funds invest in mid-sized and smaller companies. They have higher growth potential but are also riskier.

Hybrid Funds
Balanced or Hybrid Funds: These funds invest in both equities and debt, providing a balanced risk-reward ratio.
Debt Funds
Short-Term Debt Funds: These funds invest in short-term debt instruments, providing stability and regular income.
Selecting the Right Funds
Actively Managed Funds
Actively managed funds have the potential to outperform the market. Fund managers use their expertise to select stocks and adjust the portfolio based on market conditions.

Avoiding Index Funds
Index funds simply replicate a market index and typically offer lower returns than actively managed funds. Given your ambitious goal, actively managed funds might be more suitable.

Regular Funds via CFP
Investing through a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) provides you with expert advice. CFPs can help select the right funds and manage your portfolio, enhancing your chances of achieving your financial goals.

Steps to Invest Rs 1 Crore
Step 1: Emergency Fund
Set aside a portion of your funds, say Rs 10 lakh, in a high-interest savings account or a liquid mutual fund. This serves as your emergency fund, ensuring liquidity for unforeseen expenses.

Step 2: Equity Funds Allocation
Allocate around 60% (Rs 60 lakh) to equity funds. Within this, you can diversify further:

Large-Cap Funds: Rs 30 lakh
Mid-Cap Funds: Rs 15 lakh
Small-Cap Funds: Rs 15 lakh
Step 3: Hybrid Funds Allocation
Allocate 20% (Rs 20 lakh) to hybrid funds. These funds balance the portfolio with both equity and debt components.

Step 4: Debt Funds Allocation
Allocate the remaining 20% (Rs 20 lakh) to debt funds. Focus on short-term debt funds for stability and regular income.

Monitoring and Reviewing Your Portfolio
Regular Reviews
Regularly review your portfolio, at least quarterly, to assess performance and make necessary adjustments. Market conditions change, and so should your investment strategy.

Rebalancing
Rebalancing involves adjusting your portfolio back to its original asset allocation. This is crucial to maintain your risk-reward balance.

Professional Guidance
Consult with your CFP regularly. Their expertise will help you navigate market changes and stay on track to achieve your financial goals.

Importance of Staying Invested
Market Volatility
Equity markets are volatile. Staying invested through market ups and downs is crucial. Reacting to short-term market movements can derail your long-term goals.

Compounding Effect
The longer you stay invested, the more your money benefits from compounding. Reinvesting returns leads to exponential growth over time.

Tax Efficiency
Long-Term Capital Gains Tax
Investing in mutual funds attracts capital gains tax. Long-term capital gains (LTCG) tax on equity funds is 10% for gains exceeding Rs 1 lakh in a financial year.

Tax Saving Funds
Consider investing a portion in Equity-Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS). They provide tax benefits under Section 80C and have a lock-in period of 3 years.

Planning for Contingencies
Insurance
Ensure you have adequate health and life insurance. This protects you and your family from financial strain in case of unforeseen events.

Estate Planning
Plan for the future by creating a will. This ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes, providing peace of mind.


You have made a wise decision by looking to invest in mutual funds. Your objective to double your investment shows a proactive approach to securing your financial future. Balancing ambition with realistic expectations is crucial, and seeking professional advice demonstrates your commitment to making informed decisions.

Investing Rs 1 crore is a significant step. It's natural to feel cautious, but with a well-diversified portfolio and professional guidance, you can work towards achieving your financial goals.

Final Insights
Investing Rs 1 crore with the aim of doubling it in 5 years is ambitious but achievable with the right strategy. Focus on a diversified portfolio, primarily in actively managed equity funds, supplemented with hybrid and debt funds for stability. Regular monitoring, rebalancing, and professional guidance from a Certified Financial Planner will enhance your chances of reaching your goal. Stay committed, be patient, and remember that staying invested through market fluctuations is key to long-term success.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

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Dating, Relationships Expert - Answered on Nov 14, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Nov 03, 2024Hindi
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Hi, I am 30 years old not married & now my parents are forcing me to get married. I think i am good looking guy. It's not like i have never been with girls. I have had brief flings with multiple girls. And there was one girl whom i was in a platonic relationship with with lot of emotional sharing & have spent a lot of time with her. The same goes with another girl. Both of them have told me that i have been pretty cool & girls would like me to be their bf or husband. But i am not able to accept anyone because of the guilt that of my past that i never had a relationship. Never been able to tell anyone that i had a gf. I know this is wrong to compare my life but i can't stop thinking that way. Can you tell me what to do? Like a contsant regret of not having a very steamy cool fancy relationship from outside. I know relationships have it's own ups & downs. But this guilt is killing me that i missed out lot of things in life & if get married in an arranged marriage i would feel myself to be a looser who couldn't even find a girl on his own. Though i know all of these comparisons are wrong & i should be rational. I am not able to help it. Please help me out
Ans: Dear Anonymous,
Whatever you are feeling, it is very normal. More people than you could imagine go through this same phase. But as you mentioned, these are just thoughts; there is no truth to them. Not having a relationship does not make you uncool. It merely means that you did not meet your perfect match yet. I understand that you feel like you have missed out on something and that feeling is valid. It might not be reasonable, but it's very natural to think this way. I can suggest one thing- why don't you try a dating or matchmaking app to find your own partner? That way, you will be keeping your parents' wishes and won't let yourself down either. It will also give you more control over choosing your life partner.

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DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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