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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8311 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 23, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Malik Question by Malik on Jun 23, 2024Hindi
Money

Hi sir very good evening. I am 65 yrs old ,wife 55 yrs old no any liability and required approx 1 lakhs pm to survive, can you please suggest me how much money required to invest in mutual funds to get approx 1 lakhs P. Month to survive. And can you please suggest me the name of mutual funds also . I shall be highly grateful to you. Thanks

Ans: It's heartening to see you planning for a comfortable and secure retirement. Let’s delve into how you can generate Rs 1 lakh per month through mutual fund investments. Ensuring a stable income post-retirement is crucial, and with the right strategy, you can achieve this goal.

Understanding Your Financial Needs
At 65 years old, you and your wife require a consistent monthly income of Rs 1 lakh to maintain your lifestyle. To achieve this, we need to consider a few key factors:

Investment Horizon: Since you are already retired, we focus on generating regular income.
Risk Appetite: As retirees, a conservative to moderate risk approach is advisable.
Inflation: We must account for inflation to ensure your purchasing power remains intact.
Evaluating Your Current Situation
Assuming you have a lump sum to invest, our goal is to create a portfolio that generates Rs 1 lakh monthly. This translates to Rs 12 lakhs annually.

Income Generation Through Mutual Funds
Mutual funds can provide regular income through Systematic Withdrawal Plans (SWPs). SWPs allow you to withdraw a fixed amount monthly while your principal continues to grow. Here’s a detailed approach:

Debt Mutual Funds:
Debt funds are stable and provide regular income with low risk. They invest in fixed income securities like government bonds, corporate bonds, and money market instruments.

Equity Mutual Funds:
While more volatile, equity funds offer higher returns. A small portion of your portfolio in equity can help combat inflation.

Hybrid Mutual Funds:
Hybrid funds balance equity and debt, providing stability and growth. They are suitable for moderate risk appetites.

Portfolio Allocation Strategy
To generate Rs 1 lakh per month, we need to estimate the corpus required. Assuming an average annual return of 8%, let’s allocate your investments:

Debt Funds: 60%
Equity Funds: 20%
Hybrid Funds: 20%
Benefits of Actively Managed Funds Over Index Funds
Actively Managed Funds:

Professional Management: Experts manage these funds, making strategic decisions.
Potential for Higher Returns: Active managers aim to outperform the market.
Flexibility: They can adapt to market changes and opportunities.
Disadvantages of Index Funds:

Passive Management: Simply replicate an index, with no strategic adjustments.
Market Dependency: Perform strictly in line with the market, offering no downside protection.
Limited Flexibility: No room for managers to capitalize on market inefficiencies.
Disadvantages of Direct Funds and Advantages of Regular Funds
Direct Funds:

No Professional Guidance: You miss out on expert advice.
DIY Approach: Requires extensive personal research and time investment.
Higher Risk of Poor Decisions: Without professional advice, there's a higher risk of suboptimal choices.
Regular Funds:

Expert Advice: Certified Financial Planners provide tailored advice.
Ongoing Portfolio Management: Regular monitoring and rebalancing.
Stress-free Investing: Less personal effort in managing investments.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP)
SWP allows you to withdraw a fixed amount monthly from your mutual fund investments. This provides regular income while your remaining investment continues to grow. Here’s how to implement an SWP:

Select Suitable Funds:
Choose funds based on your risk profile and income needs.

Determine Withdrawal Amount:
Set the monthly withdrawal amount (Rs 1 lakh in your case).

Start SWP:
Initiate SWP to start receiving regular monthly income.

Estimating the Required Corpus
To generate Rs 1 lakh per month, we estimate the required corpus assuming an 8% annual return. The corpus needed for Rs 12 lakhs annual withdrawal (1 lakh per month) can be approximated by considering both returns and principal depletion over time.

Building Your Portfolio
Debt Funds:
Invest 60% in high-quality debt funds for stable income.

Equity Funds:
Allocate 20% to equity funds for growth and inflation protection.

Hybrid Funds:
Allocate 20% to hybrid funds for a balanced approach.

Tax Efficiency and Savings
Consider the tax implications of your withdrawals. Long-term capital gains from equity funds are taxed at a lower rate. Debt funds, held for over three years, also benefit from indexation, reducing tax liability.

Regular Review and Rebalancing
Regularly review your portfolio with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) to ensure it aligns with your income needs and market conditions. Rebalancing may be necessary to maintain your desired asset allocation.

Importance of Professional Guidance
Engaging a CFP provides several advantages:

Tailored Advice: Aligns investments with your specific goals and risk tolerance.
Portfolio Management: Professional management and rebalancing.
Stress-free Investing: Less personal effort required in managing investments.
Adjusting Investment Strategy
As market conditions change, your investment strategy may need adjustments. A CFP can help navigate these changes and ensure your portfolio remains on track to meet your income needs.

Final Insights
To summarize:

Diversified Portfolio: Allocate investments across debt, equity, and hybrid funds.
SWP for Regular Income: Use SWP to generate Rs 1 lakh monthly.
Professional Guidance: Engage a CFP for tailored advice and portfolio management.
Regular Review: Monitor and rebalance your portfolio regularly.
Tax Efficiency: Consider tax implications to maximize your returns.
By following this structured approach, you can ensure a steady monthly income of Rs 1 lakh while preserving and growing your capital. Stay committed to regular reviews and adjustments to maintain financial stability and comfort in your retirement years.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8311 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Nov 18, 2024

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Money
Hi sir just to get 1 lakhs per month from mutual fund account, how much total money is required to invest in mutual funds account. Thanks
Ans: To generate a monthly income of Rs 1,00,000 through mutual funds, you need to determine the total investment amount based on the withdrawal rate and expected returns. Here's a detailed analysis:

Key Considerations
Withdrawal Rate

A safe withdrawal rate is around 4–6% annually for sustainable income.
A higher withdrawal rate risks depleting your corpus prematurely.
Investment Returns

Equity mutual funds can give 10–12% annual returns over the long term.
Balanced or hybrid funds may offer 8–10% returns with lower volatility.
Debt mutual funds typically yield 6–8% returns with stable income.
Inflation

Factor in inflation to ensure the corpus lasts through your lifetime.
Taxation

Gains from mutual funds are taxable. This affects your effective returns.
Approximate Corpus Needed
1. Using a 6% Withdrawal Rate
Monthly income required: Rs 1,00,000
Annual income required: Rs 12,00,000
Corpus needed: Rs 12,00,000 ÷ 6% = Rs 2 Crores
2. Using a 4% Withdrawal Rate
Monthly income required: Rs 1,00,000
Annual income required: Rs 12,00,000
Corpus needed: Rs 12,00,000 ÷ 4% = Rs 3 Crores
Recommendations
Invest in Diversified Funds

Allocate your corpus across equity, hybrid, and debt funds.
Equity for growth, debt for stability, and hybrid for balance.
Use SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan)

SWP allows you to withdraw a fixed amount monthly.
It ensures steady cash flow without disturbing the investment.
Reassess Periodically

Review returns, inflation, and withdrawal rate annually.
Adjust withdrawal amount to maintain corpus longevity.
Plan for Taxes

Consider the impact of LTCG and STCG taxes on withdrawals.
Equity mutual funds' LTCG above Rs 1.25 lakh is taxed at 12.5%.
Include an Emergency Corpus

Keep 6–12 months’ expenses in a liquid fund.
Avoid dipping into your main corpus for emergencies.
Final Insights
To get Rs 1,00,000 monthly, aim for a corpus of Rs 2–3 crores. Choose mutual funds that align with your risk tolerance and income needs. Start with a Certified Financial Planner to tailor a portfolio for sustainable income.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8311 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Apr 16, 2025

Money
Hi sir. I am 65 yrs old with wife, Sir just to get approx 1 lakh per month for my further life for surviving how much money i required to invest in mutual fund etc . Having own house no rent. Pls advise. Regards
Ans: It is thoughtful to plan for peaceful retirement life.

You have already built a strong foundation. You own a house and have no rent burden. That’s a major relief. Now, your goal is simple and clear—receive about Rs 1 lakh per month to cover expenses for yourself and your wife.

Let me now explain your options and investment plan in a detailed and practical way.

Understanding Your Income Need
Your monthly income requirement is Rs 1 lakh

That is Rs 12 lakhs yearly, for living and medical care

You also want to ensure the money lasts lifelong for you and your wife

This means your investment must give steady monthly income and beat inflation slowly

You will also need some growth, not just fixed income, to maintain purchasing power

Estimating the Ideal Corpus
You are 65 years old. Your financial plan must cover 25 years or more

This is because medical support and expenses increase from 70 years onward

With inflation considered, your Rs 1 lakh monthly need will rise in the future

So, the investment corpus should be large enough to:

Give you Rs 1 lakh per month now

Increase income over time, through partial growth-based funds

Stay safe and not run out before your lifetime

Based on current conditions and long-term returns of mutual funds, you may need Rs 2.1 crores to Rs 2.4 crores approx.

This amount will be divided into different types of funds for safety, income, and growth

If you already have some existing investments, that will reduce the gap

How to Structure the Investment
To ensure income and safety, you need a three-part approach.

Each part has a clear role. This is known as a bucket approach.

Bucket 1: Income Now – High Stability

This bucket gives monthly cash flow from safe and stable sources

Use debt mutual funds (regular plan), which suit retired investors

Only select high-quality, low-risk funds. Do not chase returns here

Choose regular plan and invest through a Certified Financial Planner for tracking and rebalancing

This bucket will cover 3 to 5 years of income, approx. Rs 40 to 60 lakhs

Withdraw monthly from here

Refill this bucket every few years using growth from other buckets

Bucket 2: Income Later – Conservative Growth

This gives returns better than FDs, with moderate risk

Invest in hybrid mutual funds, which balance equity and debt

Prefer regular funds with a Certified Financial Planner for guidance

SIPs are not needed here. Use lump sum with gradual SWP later

This portion may be Rs 60 to 80 lakhs, depending on your comfort

It helps maintain the next 6 to 10 years of income

Bucket 3: Long-Term – Growth and Inflation Protection

Invest in carefully selected diversified equity mutual funds

Choose active funds with experienced fund managers

Do not use direct funds. Use regular plan via a CFP for right entry, exit and strategy

This bucket keeps growing silently and will beat inflation

Withdraw only after 7 to 10 years, in parts, to refill Bucket 1

Allocate Rs 70 lakhs to Rs 90 lakhs here

This part ensures your funds don’t run out at 80 or 85 years

This three-bucket structure keeps your income stable. It also grows your money silently. You don’t have to sell equity in a bad year.

Why Mutual Funds and Not Fixed Deposits?
FDs give low returns. They do not beat inflation

FDs are fully taxable as per slab, unlike mutual funds

FDs do not allow gradual withdrawal (SWP)

In FDs, once you exhaust the amount, there's no backup

Debt mutual funds in regular plan allow you to withdraw monthly, and rebalance annually

Long-term capital gains tax on equity mutual funds is only 12.5% after Rs 1.25 lakh gain, which is efficient

Tax is only paid when gains are withdrawn

Debt mutual fund gains are taxed as per your slab, but only on redemption

All this makes mutual funds more flexible and tax-smart than FDs

Why Not Index Funds or Direct Funds?
Index funds are passive. They don’t adapt to market risk or sector weakness

In retirement, you need funds that protect capital, not just follow markets

Index funds cannot avoid bad sectors or weak companies

Active mutual funds managed by experienced fund managers give more stability in volatile years

Direct funds have lower expense ratio, but no advisor or help when markets fall

At your age, you need review, support, and guidance, not DIY investing

A Certified Financial Planner will help you adjust your SWP, rebalance funds, and guide redemptions

So, prefer regular plans via a CFP who understands retirement planning

Do not take risk with direct funds or online platforms without guidance

How Much to Withdraw?
Use Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) instead of withdrawing full amounts

Withdraw Rs 1 lakh monthly from debt bucket for 3 to 4 years

After that, shift matured growth from hybrid and equity funds to refill Bucket 1

This way, you are not touching equity money during market lows

Your capital remains safe, and money flows monthly like a pension

Withdraw only what you need, not extra

What If You Live Longer?
This is the most important concern in retirement planning

Your corpus must last at least 25 to 30 years

That’s why we kept a large equity portion to grow with time

Medical inflation, caregiving, and lifestyle will change in 15 to 20 years

You must prepare now, not later

This structure ensures you never run out of money, and your capital can outlive you

What About Health Emergencies?
Keep a separate emergency fund of Rs 5 to 7 lakhs for medical support

Do not mix it with mutual fund buckets

Prefer senior citizen health plans, even if costly. Premium is worth it

If you already have a plan, great. But renew carefully each year

Medical inflation is nearly 10% per year now

Avoid depending on children or borrowing for health care

Tax-Efficient Withdrawals
Equity mutual fund gains beyond Rs 1.25 lakh are taxed at only 12.5%

If you withdraw in small parts, tax is reduced

Debt mutual funds are taxed as per slab, but only when you redeem

Use SWP to keep yearly gains below threshold

Regular plan through CFP ensures you plan withdrawals and avoid heavy tax in one year

Do not redeem all at once. That will trigger higher tax

Review and Rebalance Every Year
Sit with your Certified Financial Planner once a year

Review performance of each bucket

Shift from growth to income bucket as needed

Reduce exposure to equity slowly after 75 years, if required

You can also leave extra funds as inheritance for spouse or children

This review ensures discipline, control, and peace of mind

Final Insights
To get Rs 1 lakh monthly, you may need Rs 2.1 to Rs 2.4 crore corpus

Divide this wisely into three buckets for income, safety, and growth

Avoid FDs, index funds, and direct funds. They may hurt your long-term financial safety

Regular mutual funds via a Certified Financial Planner give support, safety, and flexibility

Use Systematic Withdrawal Plans to create a pension-like flow

Keep an emergency fund for medical expenses separately

Review portfolio yearly and adjust slowly. Don’t panic in market changes

Your wife’s future must be protected even after you. This structure ensures that too

You have lived wisely. Now, invest wisely to live peacefully

If you share the exact amount available for investing, I can show the exact plan in numbers. You may also explore a written financial plan with a Certified Financial Planner for even more clarity.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8311 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Apr 29, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Apr 29, 2025
Money
Hi Sir, I have a property in Mumbai suburb (approx 40L) and its location is perfect near station, bus stop, heart of the city etc. It's very old around 36 years old. I have just inherited it and I am finishing the legal procedure of it. The monthly maintenance is increasing every year and we are still waiting for redevelopment to happen. I am housewife and require monthly income. We also have loans around 25 L. My husband is int IT field and I am German language expert. We have a son 3 years. Some are saying to give it on rent and some are saying to sell it off for repaying loans. Even if I sell it I would like to reinvest it somewhere for getting monthly income, preferably a property. I want a secure investment for meeting the requirements for my son's education as my husband's field is very volatile due to regular layoffs and stuff. Kindly guide
Ans: You have inherited a 36-year-old property worth around Rs 40 lakh.
You have Rs 25 lakh loans to repay.
You are a housewife but a German language expert, and your husband is in IT.
You want monthly income and secure future planning, especially for your son.

You have inherited a valuable property in Mumbai suburb.

You are completing the legal formalities rightly, which is very important.

You are thinking ahead for monthly income, child education, and loan repayment.

Very few people show this kind of foresight. You deserve appreciation.

Challenges You Are Facing Now

Property is old, around 36 years, and needs maintenance.

Maintenance charges are rising every year, increasing burden.

Redevelopment is uncertain and unpredictable.

You have Rs 25 lakh loans creating stress.

Husband's IT field is unstable due to layoffs.

You want a secure monthly income and financial stability.

Option 1: Giving Property on Rent

You can earn monthly rental income by renting it out.

Typical rent may be around Rs 8,000 to Rs 12,000 per month.

Rental yield will be hardly 2%-3% on Rs 40 lakh value.

This is very low compared to your needs and loan burden.

Maintenance charges, property tax, repairs will further reduce your income.

Vacancy risk is also there if tenants leave.

Overall, rental income may not fully support your financial goals.

Option 2: Selling the Property

Selling can give you around Rs 40 lakh.

You can immediately clear Rs 25 lakh loans.

After repaying loans, you will still have around Rs 15 lakh.

Loan closure will bring huge mental peace and cash flow freedom.

No more EMI burden means husband's salary can be saved better.

You can use balance Rs 15 lakh wisely to generate monthly income.

Important Insights on Redevelopment

Redevelopment can take 5-10 years easily.

Many projects get delayed due to disputes and permissions.

Till redevelopment happens, maintenance and repair costs rise.

You may have to stay invested without any income for long.

Your immediate needs for income and loan closure will not be solved.

Depending on redevelopment alone is very risky at this stage.

What You Should Ideally Do

Prefer selling the property now while market is still decent.

Clear all Rs 25 lakh loans fully and become completely debt-free.

Debt-free life is the biggest financial freedom you can gift your family.

With balance money, create a secure income plan.

Stay light without property burdens and maintenance worries.

Focus on building an education corpus for your son and retirement corpus.

Where to Invest After Selling

Do not buy another property immediately for investment.

Property rental yields are low, and liquidity is very poor.

Instead, create a mix of debt mutual funds and hybrid mutual funds.

These can give you monthly income using Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP).

This method protects your capital and gives you flexible monthly payouts.

Debt mutual funds can provide 6%-7% returns safely with low risk.

Balanced advantage funds can give 8%-10% returns over 3-5 years.

Always choose regular mutual fund plans through a MFD who is also a Certified Financial Planner.

Why Not Property for Reinvestment?

Property is illiquid; selling it again takes months or years.

Property has heavy costs like stamp duty, registration, brokerage, repairs.

Rentals are taxed fully as income, eating away returns.

If tenant defaults or property is vacant, you get zero income.

Maintaining property is a headache, especially in old buildings.

Mutual funds offer better flexibility, better tax-efficiency, and better liquidity.

Disadvantages of Direct Plans (Important for You to Know)

If you invest in direct mutual fund plans yourself, you miss expert guidance.

Wrong fund selection, wrong withdrawal rate can destroy your capital.

Regular plans through a CFP-backed MFD give proper fund selection and review.

Charges in regular plan are justified because it protects your long-term wealth.

Getting professional hand-holding is very important for your peace of mind.

Additional Steps You Must Take

Keep a separate emergency fund of Rs 3 lakh in liquid mutual funds.

Buy a good term insurance cover for husband (at least Rs 1 crore).

Ensure you have a good health insurance for the whole family.

Start a small SIP for your son’s education goal systematically.

Slowly explore freelancing as a German language expert to earn extra income.

Future Planning for Your Son

Education costs are rising 10%-12% every year in India.

For good education after 15 years, you will need a large corpus.

Start small SIPs in good mutual funds focused on child education.

Stay committed for long-term without withdrawals.

Education planning must be top priority after loan closure.

Final Insights

Renting out the old property will not solve your loan and income issues properly.

Selling the property now and clearing the loans is the better, safer step.

Remaining money should be invested wisely for monthly income generation.

Avoid buying new properties now. Focus on mutual fund income plans.

Build emergency reserves, insurance covers, and an education fund for your son.

Stay light, stay debt-free, and keep life flexible financially.

Your thinking is already mature. With correct action, your future will be very secure.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8311 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Apr 29, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Apr 28, 2025
Money
Could you tell me the ideal stock quantity for me as I am investing 10k in each stock and I get minimum 30 percent return so I am not happy with reward. FYI my portfolio is of 5 Lacks investing since 2017.
Ans: You have a Rs 5 lakh stock portfolio.
You are investing Rs 10,000 in each stock.
You are getting around 30% returns, but you are not fully happy.

Let me help you with detailed insights.

Appreciating Your Journey So Far

You started investing in 2017, which shows good discipline.

Growing the portfolio with regular Rs 10,000 investments is a smart habit.

Earning 30% returns is not bad, especially in Indian stock markets.

Many investors struggle even to beat inflation in long-term investing.

You deserve appreciation for steady progress and patience.

Understanding Your Concern

You want even better returns than 30%.

You feel Rs 10,000 in each stock is limiting your potential.

You are looking for an ideal number of stocks for higher growth.

Ideal Number of Stocks to Hold

If portfolio is Rs 5 lakh, then having 15 to 20 stocks is healthy.

Less than 10 stocks can make portfolio risky and unstable.

More than 25 stocks will dilute returns and weaken performance.

Around 18 stocks can give you good balance of safety and growth.

Each stock can ideally carry 4% to 7% weight in your portfolio.

Problems of Over-Diversification

Holding too many stocks reduces focus.

Monitoring all stocks becomes difficult.

Even if some stocks do well, overall portfolio may not reflect it.

Returns get pulled down when poor stocks dilute the strong ones.

Problems of Under-Diversification

Too few stocks increase risks sharply.

Bad performance of one stock hits portfolio badly.

Emotional decision making becomes harder.

Volatility can become scary during market falls.

Fine-Tuning Your Approach

Increase your per stock investment slightly to Rs 15,000 to Rs 20,000.

Focus on holding 15 to 20 strong companies across sectors.

Prioritise companies with strong balance sheet and consistent profits.

Look for companies with leadership in their industries.

Reduce churning of stocks; stay invested patiently.

Sector Allocation Guidance

Allocate across banking, FMCG, pharma, IT, auto, and energy sectors.

Avoid over-investing in one sector or theme.

Always maintain sector diversification for stability.

Reviewing Your Return Expectations

Expecting more than 30% return consistently can be risky.

Stock market returns move in cycles.

In good years, 40%-60% returns may happen.

In bad years, even negative returns can occur.

Long-term average return expectation should be around 12%-18%.

Identifying the Real Issue

30% growth is a strong outcome compared to bank FDs and debt funds.

If you feel unhappy, maybe it is because of high expectations.

Managing emotions is key to wealth creation.

Recommended Action Plan

Stick to around 18 focused high-quality stocks.

Increase amount slightly if you find very strong companies.

Focus on strong fundamentals, not just price movements.

Rebalance portfolio once in a year to maintain sector weight.

Invest fresh money slowly when good opportunities arise.

Additional Important Points

Don't take high risks to chase higher returns.

Wealth building is a marathon, not a sprint.

Stay disciplined and trust your process.

Consistency will reward you richly in next 5-10 years.

Final Insights

Holding around 15-20 carefully selected stocks is ideal for you.

Focus more on quality stocks than chasing return numbers.

Growing wealth steadily is more important than chasing quick profits.

Stay invested with a cool mind, and you will achieve great success.

Celebrate your discipline till now and keep improving step-by-step.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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