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Nayagam P

Nayagam P P  |10849 Answers  |Ask -

Career Counsellor - Answered on Sep 08, 2025

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He also counsels students on how to prepare for entrance exams for getting admission into reputed universities /colleges for their graduate/postgraduate courses.
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He has a postgraduate degree in human resources from Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Delhi, a postgraduate diploma in labour law from Madras University, a postgraduate diploma in school counselling from Symbiosis, Pune, and a certification in child psychology from Counsel India.
He has also completed his master’s degree in career counselling from ICCC-Mindler and Counsel, India.
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Asked by Anonymous - Sep 08, 2025Hindi
Career

Hi Sir, my daughter scored 95.5 percent in her 10th cbse exam. She wants to become a professor in chemistry. But we are worried about her career options. Would it be a good idea to pursue BSc chemistry instead of engineering. Are there demand for professors in future? If so, can you suggest good colleges and courses she can take.

Ans: As an initial step, I recommend that your daughter take a Psychometric Test to identify her most suitable career options. Regarding the second part of your question ('Would it be…can take'), please note, our concern about career options is understandable, but the data shows promising prospects for chemistry professionals in India. With your daughter's excellent 95.5% score in Class 10, she's well-positioned for either path. The Indian chemical industry is experiencing robust growth, expanding from USD 178 billion in FY19 to USD 232 billion in FY22, with projections reaching USD 304 billion by 2025. This growth creates substantial demand for chemistry professionals across various sectors. High demand areas include the educational sector where schools across CBSE, ICSE, IB, and state boards actively seek qualified chemistry teachers, with a rising demand. Government universities are conducting multiple recruitment drives ongoing across IITs, NITs, and central universities. The private sector including pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and research institutions consistently recruit chemistry graduates. When comparing BSc Chemistry with Engineering strategically, BSc Chemistry takes 3 years while Engineering takes 4 years. BSc Chemistry focuses on theoretical foundation plus research while Engineering emphasizes applied technology plus practical skills. BSc Chemistry leads to direct job markets in research, teaching, labs, and quality control while Engineering opens opportunities in IT, manufacturing, and core engineering. The starting salary for BSc Chemistry ranges from ?3-7 LPA compared to Engineering's ?5-12 LPA. For the professor path, BSc Chemistry provides direct alignment while Engineering requires specialization. Higher studies follow a natural progression of MSc to PhD for BSc Chemistry while Engineering typically leads to MTech/MBA in different directions. Research opportunities are extensive from undergraduate level in BSc Chemistry but limited until postgraduate in Engineering. For professorship goals, BSc Chemistry provides a more direct and aligned pathway compared to engineering. The complete roadmap to become a chemistry professor begins with Step 1: Bachelor's Degree for 3 years pursuing BSc Chemistry with strong CGPA aiming for 60%+ for top universities, focusing on all chemistry branches including Organic, Inorganic, Physical, and Analytical chemistry while gaining laboratory experience and research exposure. Step 2 involves Master's Degree for 2 years pursuing MSc Chemistry with specialization in Organic, Physical, Analytical, or Biochemistry, requiring minimum 55% marks for PhD eligibility with 50% for reserved categories, choosing specialization based on research interests and career goals. Step 3 requires competitive examinations including UGC-NET/CSIR-NET which is essential for Assistant Professor eligibility, GATE as alternative pathway for research positions, and SET for state-level eligibility for local universities. Step 4 demands Doctoral Degree for 3-6 years pursuing PhD in Chemistry from recognized university with original research and thesis defense plus publication of minimum 2 research papers in peer-reviewed journals. Career progression follows a timeline where Assistant Professor position requires MSc plus NET/SET/PhD qualification with 0-3 years experience earning ?6-12 LPA. Associate Professor position needs PhD plus Publications with 5-8 years experience earning ?10-18 LPA. Professor position demands PhD plus Research Record with 10+ years experience earning ?15-25 LPA. Top-ranked universities for BSc Chemistry include Tier 1 institutions starting with Indian Institute of Science IISc Bangalore offering BSc Research in Chemistry for 4 years with ?40,000 total fee, admission through JEE Main/KVPY, and average package of ?28 LPA. Delhi University colleges include St. Stephen's College with cutoff around 550+ for CUET 2025, Hindu College with cutoff around 430+ for CUET 2025, Hansraj College with cutoff around 495+ for CUET 2025, and Miranda House as top women's college for sciences. Banaras Hindu University BHU holds NIRF Ranking #5 for Universities 2024 with strong chemistry department and research focus. Indian Institutes of Technology IITs offer BSc Chemistry/Chemical Sciences with admission through JEE Advanced. Tier 2 excellent options include Jadavpur University Kolkata with NIRF Ranking #9 for Universities 2024 and strong research culture. University of Hyderabad excels in chemistry research with IMsc program available. Jamia Millia Islamia holds NIRF Ranking #3 for Universities 2024 with good chemistry programs. Government universities offer advantages including job security, better research funding, and pension benefits, but face competition with around 250+ applications per position with salary ranging ?1.44-2.18 LPA at Level 14. Examples include Central Universities, IITs, NITs, and State Universities. Private universities provide advantages like faster career progression and modern infrastructure but face challenges including lower job security and variable salaries ranging ?4-15 LPA depending on institution. Examples include Amity, Manipal, BITS Pilani, and Christ University. Current job market reality presents challenges including high competition where PhD supply exceeds faculty positions, limited government positions as major recruitment drives were completed in past decade, and regional variations with better opportunities in Tier 1 cities and southern states. Opportunities exist in growing private sector with expanding universities and colleges, industry demand from pharmaceutical and chemical industries growing, and teaching sector with high demand for qualified chemistry teachers at school level. Professor salaries in India for 2025 show government colleges paying ?6.5-17.5 LPA, IIT Professors earning ?20-32 LPA, private universities offering ?4-25 LPA, and industry average of ?20.4 LPA for faculty chemistry positions. BSc Chemistry is recommended over engineering for your daughter's professorship goal because it provides direct career alignment with natural progression from BSc to MSc to PhD to Professor. It offers research foundation with earlier exposure to research methodologies, subject expertise through deep specialization in chemistry from undergraduate level, academic network with better connections within chemistry academic community, and examination preparation where UGC-NET/CSIR-NET directly aligns with chemistry background. The action plan for success includes focusing on PCM with excellent grades during Class 11-12, targeting CUET for Delhi University or JEE for IISc/IITs for entrance preparation, prioritizing research-oriented institutions for college selection, building relationships with faculty and researchers through networking, and starting research projects early in MSc program for publications. The path to becoming a chemistry professor is challenging but achievable with proper planning and dedication. The growing chemical industry and educational sector in India provide multiple opportunities for qualified chemistry professionals. Your daughter's strong academic foundation positions her well for this career path. All the BEST for Your Daughter's Prosperous Future!

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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 06, 2025Hindi
Money
Dear Sir/Ma'am, I need some guidance and advice for continuing my mutual fund investments. I am a 36 year old male, married, no kids yet and no debts/liabilities as such. I have couple of savings in PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and long term investing in direct stocks. I recently started below mentioned SIPs for long term to grow wealth. Request you to review the same and let me know if I should continue with the SIPs or need to rationalize. Kindly also advice on how to invest a lumpsum amount of around 6lacs. invesco small cap 2000 motilal oswal midcap 2700 parag parikh flexicap 3000 HDFC flexicap 3100 ICICI prudential largecap 3100 HDFC large and midcap 3100 HDFC gold etf FOF 2000 ICICI Pru equity and debt fund 3000 HDFC balanced advantage fund 3000 nippon india silver etf FOF 2000
Ans: You already built a solid foundation. Many investors delay planning. But you started early at 36. That gives you a strong advantage. You have no liabilities. You have long term thinking. You also have diversified savings like PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and direct stocks. That shows clarity and discipline. This approach builds wealth with less stress over time.

You also started systematic investments in equity funds. That is a positive step. Your selection covers multiple categories like large cap, mid cap, small cap, flexi cap, hybrid and precious metals. So the intent is right. You are trying to create a broad portfolio. That gives balance.

» Your Portfolio Composition Understanding
Your current SIP list includes:

Small cap

Mid cap

Flexi cap

Large cap

Large and mid cap

Hybrid category

Gold and Silver FoF

Equity and Debt allocation fund

Dynamic hybrid fund

This shows you are trying to cover many segments. But too many categories can create overlap. When there is overlap, you get confusion during review. It also makes portfolio discipline difficult. You may think you are diversified. But the holdings inside may repeat. That reduces efficiency.

Your portfolio now looks like:

Equity dominant

Hybrid for stability

Metals for hedge

So the broad direction is fine. But simplifying helps in long-term habit building.

» Fund Category Duplication
You hold:

Two flexi cap funds

One large and mid cap fund

One pure large cap fund

One mid cap fund

One small cap fund

Flexi cap funds already invest across large, mid, small. Then large and mid also overlaps. So the large cap exposure gets repeated. That may not add extra benefit. But it increases monitoring complexity.

So I suggest rationalising. Keep one fund per category in core. Keep satellite space for only high conviction.

» Core and Satellite Strategy
A structured portfolio follows core and satellite method.

Core portfolio should be:

Simple

Long term

Stable

Satellite portfolio can be:

High growth

Concentrated

Based on your thinking level, you can structure like this:

Core funds:

One large cap

One flexi cap

One hybrid equity and debt fund

One balanced advantage type fund

Satellite funds:

One mid cap

One small cap

One metal allocation if needed

This division gives clarity. You can continue SIPs with review every year. No need to stop and restart often. That reduces behavioural mistakes.

» Your Current SIP List Review with Suggested Streamlining

You can consider continuing:

One flexi cap

One large cap

One mid cap

One small cap

One balanced advantage

One equity and debt hybrid

You may reconsider keeping both flexi caps and both gold silver funds. One of each category is enough. Because too many funds do not increase returns. It complicates tracking.

Precious metal funds should not be more than 5 to 7 percent in your portfolio. This is because metals are hedge assets. They do not create compounding like equity. They act as protection during cycles. So keep them small.

» How to Use the Rs 6 Lakh Lump Sum
You asked about lump sum investing. This is important. Lump sum should not go fully into equity at one time. Markets move in cycles. So use a staggered method. You can invest the lump sum through STP (Systematic Transfer Plan). You can keep the amount in a liquid fund and set STP toward your chosen growth funds over 6 to 12 months.

This reduces timing risk. It also creates discipline. So your Rs 6 lakh can be deployed gradually. You may use 50% towards core equity funds and 30% toward satellite growth category. The remaining 20% can go into hybrid category. This gives balance and comfort.

» Regular Funds Over Direct Funds
One important point many investors miss. Direct funds look cheaper. But they demand deep knowledge, discipline, and behaviour control. Most investors lose more through emotional selling and wrong timing than they save on expense ratio.

With regular funds through a Mutual Fund Distributor with Certified Financial Planner qualification, you get guidance, structure and correction. The advisory discipline protects you during market extremes. That is more valuable than a small saving in expense ratio.

A personalised planner also tracks portfolio drift, rebalancing need and category shifts. So regular fund investing gives long-term benefit and behaviour coaching.

» Actively Managed Funds over Index or ETF
Some investors choose index funds or ETF thinking they are simple and cheap. But they ignore drawbacks.

Index funds or ETF will not avoid weak companies in the index. They will invest whether the company grows or struggles. There is no fund manager decision making. So when markets are at peak, index funds continue aggressive exposure. In downturns also they fall fully. There is no cushion.

Actively managed funds work with research teams. They can avoid bad sectors. They can shift allocation based on market and economy. Over long term, this gives better alpha and stability. So continuing with actively managed funds creates better wealth compounding.

» SIP Continuation Strategy
Once the rationalisation is done, continue SIPs every month without interruption. Pause and restart behaviour damages compounding power. SIP works best when you go through all market cycles. You benefit more during corrections because cost averaging works.

So continue SIP amount. You can also review SIP increase every year based on income. Increasing SIP by 10 to 15 percent every year helps you reach large corpus faster.

» Asset Allocation Based Approach
One key point in wealth creation is having the right asset mix. Equity gives growth. Hybrid gives balance. Metals give hedge. Debt gives safety. Your asset allocation should stay aligned to your risk profile and time horizon.

Since you are young and have long term horizon, higher equity allocation is fine. But as time moves, rebalancing is important. Rebalancing protects gains and restores allocation.

So review your asset allocation every year or during major life events like child birth, home buying or retirement planning.

» Behaviour Management
Many portfolios fail not due to bad funds. They fail due to bad decisions. Selling during correction. Stopping SIP when market falls. Chasing past return performance. These mistakes reduce wealth.

Your discipline so far is good. Continue to stay patient during volatility. Equity rewards patience and time.

» Financial Goals Clarity
Since you have no children now, you can decide your long-term goals. Typical goals may include:

Retirement

Future child education

Dream lifestyle purchase

Health care reserves

When goals are clear, investment purpose becomes stronger. So you can map each fund category to goal horizon. Short-term goals should not use equity. Long-term goals should use equity with hybrid support.

» Role of Review and Monitoring
Review once in a year is enough. Frequent review can create anxiety. Annual review helps check:

Fund performance

Expense drift

Category relevance

Allocation balance

Then adjust only if needed. This progress helps you stay confident and aligned.

» Taxation Awareness
Equity mutual funds taxation rules are:

Short term (below one year holding) taxable at 20 percent

Long term (above one year holding) gains above Rs 1.25 lakh taxable at 12.5 percent

Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.

So always hold equity funds for long term. That reduces tax impact and gives better growth.

» SIP Increase Plan
You can create a simple plan to increase SIP over time. For example:

Increase SIP at every salary increment

Increase SIP during bonus time

Use rewards or extra income for investing

This habit accelerates wealth. So by the time you reach 45 to 50 years, your investments could reach a strong level.

» Insurance and Protection
Before investing large, ensure you have term insurance and health insurance. If not already done, it is important. Insurance protects wealth. Without insurance, even a small medical event can impact investment plan. So review this part also. Since you are married, cover both.

» Wealth Behaviour Mindset
You are already disciplined. Just keep these simple principles:

Invest without stopping

Review once a year

Avoid funds overlap

Follow asset allocation

Avoid reacting to media noise

This helps you reach long term milestones.

» Finally
You are on the right track. Only fine tuning and simplification is needed. Your discipline is visible. Your portfolio will grow well with structure, patience and periodic review. Use the Rs 6 lakh with STP approach. And continue SIP with rationalised categories.

With time and consistency, wealth creation becomes effortless and peaceful. You just need to stay committed and avoid overthinking during market movements.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Dr Dipankar

Dr Dipankar Dutta  |1837 Answers  |Ask -

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 05, 2025

Career
Dear Sir, I did my BTech from a normal engineering college not very famous. The teaching was not great and hence i did not study well. I tried my best to learn coding including all the technologies like html,css,javascript,react js,dba,php because i wanted to be a web developer But nothing seem to enter my head except html and css. I don't understand a language which has more complexities. Is it because of my lack of experience or not devoting enough time. I am not sure. I did many courses online and tried to do diplomas also abroad which i passed somehow. I recently joined android development course because i like apps but the teaching was so fast that i could not memorize anything. There was no time to even take notes down. During the course i did assignments and understood the code because i have to pass but after the course is over i tend to forget everything. I attempted a lot of interviews. Some of them i even got but could not perform well so they let me go. Now due to the AI booming and job markets in a bad shape i am re-thinking whether to keep studying or whether its just time waste. Since 3 years i am doing labour type of jobs which does not yield anything to me for survival and to pay my expenses. I have the quest to learn everything but as soon as i sit in front of the computer i listen to music or read something else. What should i do to stay more focused? What should i do to make myself believe confident. Is there still scope of IT in todays world? Kindly advise.
Ans: Your story does not show failure.
It shows persistence, effort, and desire to improve.

Most people give up.
You didn’t.
That means you will succeed — but with the right method, not the old one.

...Read more

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