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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7101 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 06, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Asked by Anonymous - Jun 23, 2024Hindi
Money

Iam 50 years. Iam investing 1.75 in sip mf, planning to invest for next 10 years,and 20 k in post office R D. And 5lac per year. I have an ESOP worth 50 lac, PPF -30 lac,Epfo- 40 lac.TAta AIA WEALTH PRO PLAN FOR my daughter. Iam having F.D of 40 lacs. My question is How much do I need to invest to get the corpus of 10 crores in next ten years? Apart from these I have term and Health insurance for me and my family and a house to live in.

Ans: I'll provide you with a comprehensive and detailed investment strategy to achieve a corpus of Rs. 10 crore in the next 10 years, considering your current investments and goals.

Understanding Your Current Financial Position
First, let's assess your current investments:

SIP in mutual funds: Rs. 1.75 lakh monthly
Post Office RD: Rs. 20,000 monthly
Annual investment: Rs. 5 lakh
ESOP: Rs. 50 lakh
PPF: Rs. 30 lakh
EPFO: Rs. 40 lakh
FD: Rs. 40 lakh
Tata AIA Wealth Pro Plan for your daughter
Term and health insurance for you and your family
House to live in
You have a well-diversified portfolio with a mix of equity, debt, and fixed-income instruments.

Calculating Your Goal
To accumulate Rs. 10 crore in the next 10 years, we'll consider the power of compounding and the expected returns from your investments. Let's break down the steps to achieve this goal.

Review and Optimize Existing Investments
Mutual Funds
SIPs are an excellent way to invest regularly and benefit from rupee cost averaging. Given your current SIP amount of Rs. 1.75 lakh per month, you are on a solid path. Consider the following mutual fund categories:

Equity Mutual Funds: These should form the core of your portfolio. Invest in a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds. Equity funds typically offer higher returns, which is crucial for your long-term goal.

Debt Mutual Funds: These provide stability and reduce overall portfolio risk. Consider investing in short-term debt funds or corporate bond funds.

Hybrid Mutual Funds: These funds offer a balance between equity and debt. They are ideal for moderate risk-takers and provide diversified growth.

Post Office RD
Post Office RD is a safe investment but offers lower returns compared to equity and mutual funds. While it provides stability, consider if you can allocate more towards higher-return investments like mutual funds.

ESOPs
ESOPs are a valuable asset. Depending on your company's performance, they can provide significant returns. Monitor their performance and decide on the right time to exercise or sell them to maximize gains.

PPF and EPFO
Both PPF and EPFO are excellent for tax-saving and long-term growth. They offer guaranteed returns and should be continued for their benefits.

Fixed Deposits
FDs offer security but with lower returns. Consider moving a portion of your FD investments into mutual funds or other higher-yielding instruments to enhance growth.

Tata AIA Wealth Pro Plan
Review the performance and charges of this plan. ULIPs often have high charges which can impact returns. If the charges are high, consider surrendering and reinvesting the proceeds into mutual funds.

Calculating the Required Investment
To achieve a Rs. 10 crore corpus, you need a strategic investment approach. Let's assume different annual returns for various asset classes:

Equity Mutual Funds: 12-15% per annum
Debt Mutual Funds: 7-8% per annum
Fixed Deposits and RD: 5-6% per annum
PPF and EPFO: 7-8% per annum
Given these returns, we'll determine how much you need to invest additionally to reach your goal.

Power of Compounding
Compounding is crucial in wealth creation. The earlier and more consistently you invest, the greater the compounding effect. Here's a breakdown of how different investments can grow:

SIPs in Mutual Funds
Your Rs. 1.75 lakh monthly SIP in equity mutual funds can grow significantly over 10 years with an average return of 12-15%. The power of compounding will exponentially increase your corpus.

Post Office RD
Your Rs. 20,000 monthly RD will provide stable but lower returns. While it's a safe option, consider increasing your allocation to equity funds for higher growth.

Annual Lump Sum Investment
Investing Rs. 5 lakh annually can significantly boost your corpus. Allocate this amount to equity and hybrid mutual funds for optimal growth.

Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)
SIPs are a disciplined way to invest in mutual funds. They allow you to invest a fixed amount regularly, taking advantage of rupee cost averaging. Here's how to optimize your SIP strategy:

Increase SIP Contributions
Start with your current SIP amount and gradually increase it as your income grows. This will maximize the compounding effect and help you reach your goal faster.

Diversify Across Fund Categories
Invest in a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds to diversify risk and enhance returns. Consider sector-specific funds for additional growth potential.

Asset Allocation and Diversification
A well-diversified portfolio balances risk and return. Here's a suggested asset allocation:

Equity Mutual Funds: 60-70%
Debt Mutual Funds: 10-20%
Fixed Income (PPF, EPFO, FD, RD): 20-30%
Regularly review and rebalance your portfolio to maintain this allocation.

Risk Management and Contingency Planning
Adequate insurance coverage and an emergency fund are essential. Ensure you have term life insurance and health insurance to protect your family's financial future. Maintain an emergency fund covering 6-12 months of expenses in a liquid and safe instrument like a high-interest savings account or liquid mutual fund.

Tax Planning
Optimize your investments for tax efficiency. Utilize tax-saving instruments like PPF, ELSS, and life insurance premiums under Section 80C. Equity investments held for more than a year benefit from long-term capital gains tax, which is lower than short-term capital gains tax.

Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS)
ELSS funds offer tax benefits under Section 80C and have a lock-in period of three years. They are excellent for long-term wealth creation and tax planning.

Final Insights
Reaching a Rs. 10 crore corpus in 10 years is an ambitious goal, but with disciplined and strategic investing, it's achievable. Here's a summary of your investment strategy:

Increase SIP Contributions: Gradually increase your SIP amount as your income grows. Focus on equity mutual funds for higher returns.

Optimize Existing Investments: Review and potentially reallocate your RD and FD investments into higher-return instruments like equity and hybrid mutual funds.

Utilize Annual Lump Sum Investments: Continue investing Rs. 5 lakh annually in a mix of equity and hybrid mutual funds.

Diversify and Rebalance: Maintain a diversified portfolio with a mix of equity, debt, and fixed-income instruments. Regularly review and rebalance to stay aligned with your goals.

Maximize Tax Efficiency: Utilize tax-saving instruments and plan your investments to minimize tax liabilities.

Risk Management: Ensure adequate term and health insurance coverage. Maintain an emergency fund for financial stability.

By following these steps, you can work towards achieving your Rs. 10 crore goal within the next 10 years. Stay disciplined, review your investments regularly, and adjust your strategy as needed.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
Asked on - Nov 08, 2024 | Answered on Nov 08, 2024
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Thanks for the information,.. still iam not clear... Can I get a clear number ( amount to be invested) .
Ans: A monthly SIP of Rs 4,50,000 with a 12% annual return (CAGR) has the potential to build a corpus of approximately Rs 10 crore over 10 years.

To make this goal more achievable, we can incorporate a detailed assessment of your current investment portfolio alongside a strategic step-up SIP plan. A step-up SIP allows you to increase your investment amount each year, which can significantly accelerate growth and help achieve larger targets. By optimizing both your current investments and SIP contributions, you can more efficiently reach your financial goals within your desired timeframe.

For a tailored plan and precise calculations that align with your financial situation, consider consulting with a qualified Certified Financial Planner (CFP) or Mutual Fund Distributor (MFD) like us
Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment.
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7101 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 19, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jun 10, 2024Hindi
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Hi, My age is 43yrs and current investments are PF and PPF: 1.5cr, Mutual funds: 90Lakhs, Direct Stocks: 25lakhs, Fixed deposits: 40 lakh, SGB: 5 lakhs, Cash:40 Lakhs. Liabilities: Home EMI: 49,000 per month, kids education: 45,000 per month and other expense:45,000. Surplus of 1 lakh. I like to retire in 10 years. How much corpus do I need at the time of retirement. Liabilities: 2 Kids will complete 12the class in 6 years And then their marriage.
Ans: You are 43 years old with diverse investments. You aim to retire in 10 years. Your financial details are as follows:

Provident Fund (PF) and Public Provident Fund (PPF): Rs. 1.5 crore
Mutual Funds: Rs. 90 lakh
Direct Stocks: Rs. 25 lakh
Fixed Deposits (FDs): Rs. 40 lakh
Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB): Rs. 5 lakh
Cash: Rs. 40 lakh
Liabilities and Expenses
Home EMI: Rs. 49,000 per month
Kids’ Education: Rs. 45,000 per month
Other Expenses: Rs. 45,000 per month
Total Monthly Expenses: Rs. 1,39,000
Surplus Income: Rs. 1 lakh per month
Your children will complete their 12th grade in 6 years and then have expenses for higher education and marriage.

Assessing Retirement Corpus Needs
1. Estimate Monthly Expenses Post-Retirement:

Assuming you maintain a similar lifestyle post-retirement.
Inflation-adjusted monthly expenses might increase.
Consider an inflation rate of 6% per year.
2. Calculate Retirement Corpus:

Calculate the amount needed to generate the required monthly income.
Factor in inflation and life expectancy (e.g., up to age 85).
Investment Strategy
1. Pay Off Liabilities:

Prioritize paying off the home loan before retirement.
This will reduce your monthly expenses significantly.
2. Build a Diversified Portfolio:

Continue with diversified investments in mutual funds, stocks, and bonds.
Consider increasing investments in mutual funds for growth.
Allocate a portion of your surplus to equity and debt funds.
3. Set Up Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs):

Use your monthly surplus of Rs. 1 lakh to set up SIPs.
Focus on equity mutual funds for higher long-term returns.
Consider balanced funds for a mix of growth and stability.
4. Emergency Fund:

Maintain an emergency fund to cover 6-12 months of expenses.
Keep this in a liquid and safe investment like a savings account or short-term FD.
5. Child Education and Marriage Fund:

Start a dedicated fund for your children’s education and marriage.
Use a mix of equity and debt mutual funds for this goal.
Adjust the allocation as you get closer to the need.
6. Review and Adjust Investments:

Review your portfolio every six months.
Adjust based on performance and changing needs.
Ensure you are on track to meet your retirement and other financial goals.
Retirement Corpus Calculation
1. Estimate Future Monthly Expenses:

Current monthly expenses: Rs. 1,39,000
Adjusted for inflation over 10 years (at 6% per year).
2. Calculate Required Corpus:

Use a retirement calculator to estimate the corpus.
Factor in life expectancy, inflation, and expected returns on investments.
Additional Tips
1. Tax Efficiency:

Choose investments that offer tax benefits.
Consider tax-efficient mutual funds and debt instruments.
2. Adequate Insurance:

Ensure you have sufficient health and life insurance.
Review your policies to ensure they meet your needs.
3. Regular Monitoring:

Stay disciplined with your investments.
Regularly monitor and rebalance your portfolio.
Final Insights
To retire comfortably in 10 years, you need a substantial corpus. Continue your diversified investment strategy, focus on growth, and pay off your liabilities. Use your monthly surplus wisely to build a robust retirement fund. Regularly review and adjust your investments to stay on track.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7101 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 18, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jun 14, 2024Hindi
Money
I am 33 years old. I have mutual funds of ?20 lakhs and direct stocks of ?10 lakhs. I have a PF balance of 9 lakhs with monthly contributions of 20k towards it. I have NPS balance of 6 lakhs but no monthly contributions towards it. I have a FD of 11 lakhs. US stocks worth 1 lakh. I have a Home loan of 34 lakhs. How much should I invest every month to have a corpus of 10 crore at the age of 55?
Ans: Thank you for sharing your financial details and your goal of building a Rs 10 crore corpus by the age of 55. Achieving this ambitious target will require a well-structured investment plan and disciplined financial management. Let's break down the steps and strategies to help you reach your goal.

Current Financial Situation
Existing Investments
Mutual Funds: Rs 20 lakhs
Direct Stocks: Rs 10 lakhs
Provident Fund (PF): Rs 9 lakhs with monthly contributions of Rs 20,000
National Pension System (NPS): Rs 6 lakhs (no monthly contributions)
Fixed Deposit (FD): Rs 11 lakhs
US Stocks: Rs 1 lakh
Home Loan: Rs 34 lakhs
Total Assets and Liabilities
Total Assets: Rs 57 lakhs
Total Liabilities: Rs 34 lakhs (Home Loan)
Setting the Stage for Investment
To reach Rs 10 crore in 22 years, you need to adopt a mix of aggressive and balanced investment strategies. The following sub-headings will guide you through the process.

Assessing Your Current Portfolio
Diversification and Risk
Diversified Portfolio: Your portfolio includes mutual funds, direct stocks, PF, NPS, FD, and US stocks. This diversification is good as it spreads risk across different asset classes.
Risk Profile: At 33, you can afford to take higher risks for potentially higher returns, especially with your long investment horizon.
Investment Strategy
Monthly Investment Requirement
To determine how much you should invest monthly to achieve Rs 10 crore by age 55, we will assume an average annual return rate. Historically, equity markets have provided around 12-15% annual returns. Let’s proceed with a balanced approach assuming a 12% average annual return.

Monthly Investment Estimate: To reach Rs 10 crore in 22 years with a 12% annual return, you need to invest a significant amount monthly. Based on a financial projection, you will need to invest approximately Rs 40,000 to Rs 50,000 per month.
Enhancing Existing Investments
Increase Equity Exposure: Given your age, consider increasing your equity exposure for higher returns. Allocate more to mutual funds and direct stocks.
Regular NPS Contributions: Start contributing regularly to NPS to benefit from tax deductions and long-term growth.
Optimizing PF Contributions: Continue with PF contributions for a stable, low-risk investment.
Detailed Investment Plan
Mutual Funds
Systematic Investment Plan (SIP): Increase your SIP in equity mutual funds. Aim for a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds.
Balanced Funds: Consider balanced or hybrid funds for a mix of equity and debt exposure, providing stability and growth.
Review and Rebalance: Regularly review and rebalance your portfolio to maintain the desired asset allocation.
Direct Stocks
Blue-chip Stocks: Invest in blue-chip stocks for stability and consistent returns.
Growth Stocks: Allocate a portion to high-growth stocks with the potential for higher returns, but with higher risk.
Regular Monitoring: Actively monitor your stock portfolio and stay updated with market trends.
Provident Fund (PF)
Consistent Contributions: Continue with the monthly contributions of Rs 20,000.
Interest Accumulation: PF offers compounded returns with minimal risk, contributing to long-term wealth.
National Pension System (NPS)
Regular Contributions: Start monthly contributions to NPS. Even Rs 5,000 per month can significantly impact your corpus.
Tax Benefits: Utilize the additional tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1B) for NPS contributions.
Fixed Deposit (FD)
Review FD Returns: FDs offer low returns compared to equity investments. Consider reallocating a portion of FDs to mutual funds or stocks.
Emergency Fund: Maintain a portion in FDs for emergency liquidity needs.
Managing Home Loan
Prepayment Strategy
Early Prepayment: Consider prepaying your home loan whenever possible to save on interest costs. This will free up more funds for investment.
Tax Benefits: Balance the benefits of tax deductions on home loan interest with the interest savings from prepayment.
Tax Efficiency
Tax-Saving Investments
Section 80C: Maximize contributions to PF, NPS, and ELSS to avail tax benefits under Section 80C.
Section 80D: Utilize health insurance premiums for additional tax deductions.
Capital Gains Management
Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG): Plan your investments to minimize tax on long-term capital gains. Equity investments held for over a year are subject to favorable tax treatment.
Tax Harvesting: Use tax harvesting strategies to minimize tax liability on gains.
Monitoring and Review
Regular Portfolio Review
Annual Review: Conduct an annual review of your portfolio to ensure alignment with your financial goals.
Market Trends: Stay informed about market trends and economic changes that may impact your investments.
Professional Guidance
Certified Financial Planner (CFP): Consider consulting a CFP for personalized advice and portfolio management.
Investment Tools: Use financial planning tools and calculators to track your progress and adjust your strategy as needed.
Risk Management
Adequate Insurance Coverage
Life Insurance: Ensure you have sufficient life insurance coverage to protect your family’s financial future.
Health Insurance: Maintain comprehensive health insurance to cover medical expenses and avoid dipping into your investments.
Emergency Fund
Liquidity: Maintain an emergency fund to cover at least 6-12 months of expenses.
Accessibility: Keep this fund in liquid and low-risk instruments like savings accounts or liquid mutual funds.
Behavioral Finance
Avoid Emotional Decisions
Discipline: Stick to your investment plan and avoid making emotional decisions based on market fluctuations.
Patience: Investing is a long-term game. Patience and discipline are key to achieving your financial goals.
Final Insights
Achieving a corpus of Rs 10 crore by the age of 55 is ambitious but attainable with a disciplined and strategic approach. Increase your monthly investments to around Rs 40,000 to Rs 50,000, focusing on equity mutual funds, direct stocks, and regular NPS contributions. Regularly review and rebalance your portfolio, consider prepaying your home loan to save on interest, and ensure adequate insurance coverage and an emergency fund. Consulting with a Certified Financial Planner can provide personalized guidance and help you stay on track. By maintaining discipline, patience, and informed decision-making, you can achieve your financial goals and secure your future.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |7101 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 23, 2024

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Hi, I am 47 yrs old , have around 9 cr in mutual funds, PF of 80 lakhs ..no liabilities at all...I invest around 3 lakhs per month in SIP, 50K monthly in NPS 1.5 lakhs /year in PPF, I want to work till 58..how much do I need to invest to create a corpus of 50 crores? thanks
Ans: Current Financial Position
You have Rs 9 crores in mutual funds.

You have Rs 80 lakhs in your PF.

You invest Rs 3 lakhs per month in SIPs.

You invest Rs 50,000 monthly in NPS.

You invest Rs 1.5 lakhs annually in PPF.

You plan to work till age 58.

You have no liabilities.

Your goal is to create a corpus of Rs 50 crores.

Assessment of Current Investments
Mutual Funds
Mutual funds are a good choice. They offer diversification and potential growth.

Consider reviewing the performance of your current mutual funds. Ensure they align with your goals.

Provident Fund (PF)
Your PF is a safe and reliable investment. It provides steady returns and is a good retirement tool.

Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs)
Your SIPs are beneficial for disciplined investing. They reduce the risk of market volatility over time.

National Pension System (NPS)
NPS offers tax benefits and a pension after retirement. It is a solid addition to your retirement planning.

Public Provident Fund (PPF)
PPF is a risk-free investment. It offers good returns and tax benefits. It is an excellent choice for long-term savings.

Evaluating Future Investment Needs
To reach your goal of Rs 50 crores, you need to evaluate your current investments.

You need to consider the expected returns on your investments.

You need to assess the impact of inflation on your corpus.

Expected Returns
Mutual funds can provide varying returns. Historically, they have given 10-12% returns annually.

PF, NPS, and PPF typically offer lower returns. They are in the range of 7-9% annually.

Inflation Impact
Inflation reduces the real value of your corpus. You must factor in inflation to meet your future needs.

Strategies to Reach Rs 50 Crores
Increase SIP Investments
You can consider increasing your SIP investments. This will help you accumulate more over time.

Diversify Your Portfolio
Diversify your investments in different asset classes. This reduces risk and maximizes returns.

Actively Managed Funds
Consider investing in actively managed funds. They have the potential to outperform the market.

Actively managed funds offer professional management. They aim to beat index funds in returns.

Regular Review and Rebalancing
Regularly review your portfolio. Ensure it aligns with your goals and risk tolerance.

Rebalance your portfolio periodically. This maintains your desired asset allocation.

Disadvantages of Index Funds and Direct Funds
Index Funds
Index funds follow the market. They do not aim to outperform it.

They may not provide the best returns in all market conditions.

Direct Funds
Direct funds require active management by the investor. This can be time-consuming and requires expertise.

Investing through a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) ensures professional guidance. Regular funds provide this advantage.

Final Insights
You have a strong financial foundation.

You need to carefully plan to reach your Rs 50 crores goal.

Focus on increasing your investments.

Diversify your portfolio to manage risk.

Consider actively managed funds for better returns.

Regularly review and rebalance your portfolio.

Seek professional guidance from a Certified Financial Planner.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Latest Questions
T S Khurana

T S Khurana   |197 Answers  |Ask -

Tax Expert - Answered on Nov 23, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - May 11, 2024Hindi
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Money
Can you please suggest on capital gains as per Indian taxation laws arising in the below two queries : 1) property purchased with joint ownership, me and my wife’s name in 2015 at a cost of 64,80,000, housing improvements done for the cost of 1000000 and brokerages of 200000 paid and sold the same property at 10000000 in Dec 2023? 2) 87% of the proceeds got from the deal i.e 8700000, have been reinvested to pay 25% amount in purchasing another joint ownership property in Dec 2023, 3) I have invested in another under construction property in Nov 2023 by taking housing loan, which is on me and my wife’s name worth 1.4 cr, here the primary applicant is me only while wife is just made a Co applicant in the builder buyer agreement and also on the housing loan . So what are the LTCG tax liabilities arising from the above 3 scenarios for FY 2023-2024 and FY 2024-2025. I intend to sale off the property acquired in (2) by Dec 2024 and use that proceeds to close the housing loan for the property acquired in (3), will this sale of property be inviting any tax liabilities if the complete proceeds received from the sale of the property in (2) would be utilised to close the housing loan taken in Nov 2023 for the property in (3) ? Since in FY 23-24, I would be claiming the LTCG from the sale proceeds of 1) invested in the purchase of property in 2), and I intend to sale off this property in Dec 2024, will the LTCG claim be forfeited on the property sale in (1), should I hold this property at least for further 1 year so that sale of this property in 2) will not invite STCG?
Ans: (A). Let's first talk about F/Y 2023-24 :
You jointly sold a Property during the year for Rs.76.80 lakhs (64.80+10.00+2.00), & sold the same for Rs.100.00 lakhs.
You have jointly also purchased Property No.3 (I suppose it is Residential only), for Rs.140.00 lakhs.
You should avail exemption u/s-54 & file your ITR accordingly. Please disclose all details about sale & purchase in your ITR.
02. Now coming to the F/Y 2024-25 :
You intend to Sell Property No.2, which was acquired in 2023-24. Any Gain on Sale of it would be Short Term capital Gains & taxed accordingly.
Alternatively, you may hold this sale of property no.2 (for 2 years from its purchase) & avoid STCG
You are free to utilize the sale proceeds in a way you like, including paying off your housing Loan.
Please note to avail exemption u/s 54 only from investment in property no.3 & not 2.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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