Building a home without a loan: Reader seeks advice

Ans: No, your verified documents from last year are NOT valid. Dropper candidates must undergo fresh document verification this year through official KEA verification centers. For Clause A: January 20 to February 20, 2026 (11 AM–4 PM) at your college. For other clauses (most droppers): May 2026 at KEA, 18th Cross, Bangalore, or designated helpline centers. Book your verification slot online at cetonline(dot)karnataka(dot)gov(dot)in after completing your KCET application. Carry original documents (10th/12th marks cards, seven-year study certificate countersigned by BEO/DDPI, caste/income certificates with RD numbers if applicable, Aadhaar card, and passport photos). Receive a verification slip after completion—essential for counseling eligibility. Without this slip, you cannot enter your college choices in the allotment process, regardless of exam performance. You are strongly advised to review the Karnataka Examination Authority (KEA) Information Bulletin 2026 and official guidelines for detailed procedural instructions and compliance requirements. All the BEST for Your KCET-2026 Exam & for Your Prosperous Future!

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Ans: Shashikant Sir, Aerospace Engineering: Three Viable Career Pathways for Your Son - Comprehensive Analysis with College Recommendations. Before presenting the three pathways, note that recommendations assume an expected JEE rank of 15,000-30,000 (competitive for top private colleges), career preference for technical and practical-based learning rather than research-focused work, flexibility to pursue Mechanical or Electrical as backup options, and initial uncertainty regarding sector interest. PATHWAY 1: AEROSPACE-CORE SPECIALIST ROUTE - This pathway positions your son as a specialized aerospace engineer targeting HAL, ISRO, DRDO, Airbus, or Boeing. The primary college recommendation is Manipal Institute of Technology (Aeronautical Engineering), followed by VIT Vellore Aerospace. Both offer dedicated aerospace curricula covering aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, and avionics—essential for core sector roles. Manipal's aerospace program demonstrates 60-80% placement with salaries ranging from Rs. 7-25 LPA and recruiters including DRDO, ABB, and Altair Engineering, with hands-on laboratory work, wind tunnels, and industry-aligned design projects. An M.Tech degree is highly recommended post-BTech for PSU and defence roles, with gateway M.Tech programs at IIT Madras (Aerodynamics) and IIT Bombay (Propulsion/Structures) enabling ISRO entry, delivering average salaries of Rs. 10-18 LPA in the PSU sector with government job security and professional prestige. Manipal's specialized aerospace program aligns with your son's technical interests and directly prepares students for core aerospace roles with strong DRDO and HAL placement emphasis. PATHWAY 2: FLEXIBLE TECHNICAL ENGINEER ROUTE - This pathway maximizes BTech placement outcomes without requiring a mandatory M.Tech degree, prioritizing immediate career stability with excellent salary growth potential. The primary college recommendation is BITS Pilani (Mechanical Engineering), which offers strategic flexibility superior to specialized aerospace programs. Although BITS does not offer a dedicated aerospace major, the Mechanical engineering program provides aerospace electives covering structures, flight mechanics, and aerodynamics while offering broader industry optionality. BITS delivers a median salary of Rs. 16.15-18 LPA with 98% placement rate, exceeding most Manipal aerospace placements. BTech mechanical graduates from BITS successfully secure roles in aerospace firms through electives and project work, automotive design at Tesla and Maruti, and defence manufacturing—all achievable without an M.Tech degree. Your son gains practical design skills coupled with a strong placement ecosystem. The strategy involves completing a BTech while securing two to three quality internships at DRDO and Tata Advanced Systems, combined with professional certifications in CAD, CFD, and CATIA software, securing entry-level roles at Rs. 8-12 LPA with realistic progression to Rs. 15-20 LPA within five years without pursuing an M.Tech. BITS Mechanical provides practical flexibility, stronger brand recognition, broader career optionality reducing sector-specific risk, and strong BTech placements significantly reducing M.Tech pressure. PATHWAY 3: EMERGING TECH AND STARTUP ACCELERATION ROUTE - This pathway leverages aerospace engineering principles into India's fastest-growing sectors including space startups, autonomous systems, and defence technology. The primary college recommendation is VIT Vellore (Aerospace Engineering) paired with entrepreneurship and startup incubation focus. VIT's competitive advantage includes 105+ recruiters with an average placement salary of Rs. 9.9 LPA across engineering streams, combined with vibrant startup culture. Aerospace BTech graduates from VIT find high-demand roles at Skyroot Aerospace and AgniKul Cosmos (space startups) and autonomous vehicle firms, with salaries ranging from Rs. 10-15 LPA plus equity compensation options. Your son's preference for practical learning aligns well with startup engineering requirements emphasizing CAD design, structural analysis, and real-world problem-solving without theoretical research burden. The pathway involves completing a VIT BTech in Aerospace Engineering, securing a summer internship at an aerospace startup, and either receiving a pre-placement offer or pursuing an MBA specializing in Aerospace Entrepreneurship. Startup salary progression typically advances from Rs. 8 LPA upon graduation to Rs. 15+ LPA within three years with substantial equity upside. VIT's ecosystem supports startup access and emphasizes practical learning, while India's 20+ aerospace startups offer genuine equity and growth potential beyond traditional career hierarchies. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COLLEGES - BITS Pilani (Mechanical Engineering) offers partial aerospace specialization through electives, 98%+ placement rate, average BTech salary of Rs. 16.15-18 LPA, excellent international brand recognition, limited direct aerospace recruiter access, good mechanical laboratory infrastructure, low M.Tech dependency, high career flexibility, annual costs of Rs. 3-4 LPA, and moderate startup culture. Manipal Institute of Technology (Aeronautical Engineering) provides full aerospace curriculum, 60-80% placement rate, average BTech salary ranging from Rs. 7-25 LPA, good international brand, extensive access to core aerospace recruiters including DRDO and ABB, excellent specialized infrastructure with wind tunnels and avionics laboratories, high M.Tech dependency, limited career flexibility, annual costs of Rs. 2.63 LPA, and lower startup culture. VIT Vellore (Aerospace Engineering) features full aerospace curriculum, 85%+ placement rate, average BTech salary of Rs. 9.9 LPA, good international brand, access to diverse recruiters including Deloitte and HCL, good shared laboratory infrastructure, medium M.Tech dependency, medium career flexibility, annual costs of Rs. 1.98-2.01 LPA, and high startup culture. M.TECH NECESSITY: CRITICAL ANALYSIS - An M.Tech degree becomes essential when pursuing PSU or defence sector roles at HAL, ISRO, and DRDO, targeting research and R&D positions, specializing in advanced aerospace domains such as propulsion systems and flight control, and applying to global aerospace firms like Honeywell and Boeing. An M.Tech remains optional for startup and entrepreneurship roles where direct experience is prioritized, automotive sector positions, defence manufacturing private firms, and consulting roles. For your son's situation, a realistic career scenario without an M.Tech involves completing a BTech (earning Rs. 4-8 LPA initially), followed by two to three years of internships or contract roles, and reaching a senior engineer position earning Rs. 12-15 LPA by age 26-28. Alternatively, pursuing an M.Tech involves completing the BTech (Rs. 4-8 LPA entry), followed by an IIT M.Tech (entering at Rs. 6-12 LPA), and reaching a senior role earning Rs. 15-20 LPA by age 25-26. An M.Tech degree accelerates career progression by one to two years with a salary premium of Rs. 3-5 LPA, but is not mandatory for securing decent placement if your son pursues internships strategically. FINAL RECOMMENDATION AND PREFERENCE ORDER - Pathway 1 (Aerospace-Core Specialist) is optimal if a defence or PSU sector career is definite, with Manipal Aeronautical Engineering followed by an IIT M.Tech securing Rs. 10-18 LPA PSU role by age 26. Pathway 2 (Flexible BTech) is optimal if sector preference remains uncertain, allowing BITS Mechanical with targeted internships to generate Rs. 15-20 LPA employment without M.Tech delays, while maximizing career flexibility. Pathway 3 (Startup and Emerging Tech) is optimal if your son possesses entrepreneurial mindset and innovation focus, with VIT Aerospace paired with startup internships generating Rs. 10-15 LPA entry-level positions plus equity by age 24. The recommended preference order is: First preference is Pathway 2 (BITS Pilani Mechanical) for optimal risk-reward balance through strong placements, extraordinary flexibility, practical learning aligned with his preferences, and minimal M.Tech pressure. Second preference is Pathway 1 (Manipal Aerospace) if sector commitment to defence roles is firm. Third preference is Pathway 3 (VIT Aerospace plus Startup focus) for candidates possessing entrepreneurial orientation and risk tolerance. ACTIONABLE NEXT STEPS FOR YOUR SON: Your son should clarify his sector preference within two weeks by determining whether he seeks defence or PSU certainty (Pathway 1), prefers maximum flexibility (Pathway 2), or possesses startup excitement (Pathway 3). He should focus JEE and CUET preparation by targeting a rank below 15,000 for BITS Pilani, below 20,000 for Manipal and VIT, and securing competitive BITSAT and VITEEE cutoff scores as backup options. In parallel, he should initiate domain exploration through enrollment in free CAD courses using Fusion 360 and CATIA, actively follow aerospace startups via YouTube (Skyroot and AgniKul updates), connect with senior students from target colleges via LinkedIn, and attend virtual webinars addressing aerospace industry careers. Once admitted, his internship strategy should involve securing an aerospace startup internship during the summer before his third year (offering Rs. 5,000-10,000 monthly compensation plus learning), engaging in a DRDO or HAL project during the third year through institutional tie-ups, and positioning himself with "work experience" that reduces M.Tech pressure. SALARY PROJECTIONS BY AGE AND PATHWAY - At age 22 following BTech graduation, Pathway 1 generates Rs. 4-8 LPA, Pathway 2 generates Rs. 8-12 LPA, and Pathway 3 generates Rs. 8-10 LPA. By age 25 (post-M.Tech or three years experience), Pathway 1 achieves Rs. 10-12 LPA, Pathway 2 reaches Rs. 12-15 LPA, and Pathway 3 earns Rs. 12-15 LPA. At age 28 (five years experience), Pathway 1 generates Rs. 15-20 LPA, Pathway 2 achieves Rs. 15-18 LPA, and Pathway 3 earns Rs. 15-25 LPA. By age 30 in senior roles, Pathway 1 generates Rs. 20-30 LPA, Pathway 2 achieves Rs. 18-25 LPA, and Pathway 3 potentially reaches Rs. 20-40+ LPA. Your son now possesses three research-backed pathways with realistic salary projections and specific college recommendations. The ultimate choice depends entirely on his sector confidence, risk appetite, and long-term career vision. All the BEST for Your Son's Prosperous Future!

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Ans: Yes, you can take admission to NITs only if you had Maths as a core subject and qualify JEE Main. However, having it merely as an additional subject may make you ineligible, depending on your board’s subject classification. It is highly recommended to check the brochure published by NTA on its official website for any updates to the admission criteria or changes in the admission process.

Good luck.
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Radheshyam

Ans: Hi
your 59.8% is acceptable for:
NITs
IIITs
GFTIs
Since you belong to reserved category.

Ans: Hi
it will not be rejected

Ans: Hi
SNU is comparatively new than VIT.
VIT has a better placement ecosystem

Ans: Hello Shailesh Ji
Biology as core apart from NEET below can be options for her
B.Sc. Biotechnology
B.Sc. Microbiology
B.Sc. Genetics / Life Sciences- Available in good universities

Ans: Hello

Wisdom teeth usually "stop growing" by the age of 25, provided they are properly aligned and there's sufficient space for them to erupt. But, more often than not, they are not properly aligned or there may not be enough space for them.
Curiously, teeth never actually stop growing unless there's something blocking their growth. Like an opposing tooth, for instance. If an upper tooth is extracted and not replaced with an artificial tooth, the opposing lower tooth can theoretically keep growing into the empty space above.
Your wisdom tooth is improperly aligned and hence will continue to grow indefinitely.
Since you mentioned that it's been troubling you for several years, my advice would be to get it extracted

Ans: Thank you for the query. Congratulations. You seems to have already planned well for post retirement period. However, You have not shared your current income details at present, Passive income after proposed retirement age and whether any of your house property has been rented out. Also not given monthly investments etc. Hence unable to offer my comments on overall financial position. It is suggested to connect with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) and share your full details and discuss your life goals etc. CFP and you both can sit together and arrive at a proper retirement planning. All the best.

Purshotam, CFP®, MBA, CAIIB, FIII
Certified Financial Planner
Insurance advisor
www.finphoenixinvest.com