I had purchased some stocks in 2015. I have sold them in 2021. I would like to know the tax implications as there was no long-term gain on equity before 2018. In your previous column, you answered the query regarding grandfathering clause and purchase price calculation.

I would like to know that, if the total gains in my stocks plus MF do not exceed the Rs 1 lakh threshold, do I need to report the gain in my IT returns? I am in the 30 per cent tax bracket.

I have two more questions:

1. Is it beneficial for me to invest in NPS for the Rs 50,000 tax savings, since this will be locked in until I turn 60 years -- ie approximately 15 years from now. As I am utilising Rs 1,50,000 in my PPF savings, an additional Rs Rs 50,000 saving will be useful.

2. Are the returns on NPS equal to or better than other saving instruments?

Kindly guide.

Ans: 01. When you are selling ancestral land for 3 crores, you are liable to pay LTCG (considering it as Long Term Capital Asset) on this amount. Your tax LTCG shall be Rs.3.00 crores minus its cost.
02. Any amount gifted to your sisters won't make you eligible for any sort of deduction or reduction in LTCG tax.
03. Go for tax planning by investing this Gain in any residential property and/or buy Capital Gain Bonds. Your tax advisor may be helpful in this case.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

Ans: A fund of Rs 1 crore in 5 years is an ambitious goal.

Achieving this requires disciplined saving and smart investments.

The strategy should align with your risk tolerance and cash flow.

Regular reviews and adjustments will keep your plan on track.

Analysing Investment Options
Equity Mutual Funds: For Growth Potential

Equity mutual funds offer the highest potential for wealth creation.

Choose actively managed funds with a proven track record.

Diversify across large-cap, mid-cap, and multi-cap funds.

Avoid index funds; they lack active management advantages.

Actively managed funds adapt better to market conditions.

Debt Mutual Funds: For Stability

Debt funds can balance the volatility of equity investments.

Short-duration and dynamic bond funds can suit a 5-year horizon.

Debt funds offer stable returns but are taxed as per your slab.

Allocate a portion to these for safety and liquidity.

Hybrid Funds: Balanced Approach

Hybrid funds combine equity and debt investments.

They provide moderate growth with less volatility.

These are suitable for medium-risk investors.

Systematic Investment Plan (SIP): Key to Discipline

Start SIPs for consistent and disciplined investing.

SIPs spread the investment across market cycles.

This reduces the risk of timing the market incorrectly.

Importance of Regular Fund Investments
Avoid Direct Funds

Direct funds lack advisory support for tax or portfolio management.

Investing through a Certified Financial Planner ensures better decisions.

Regular funds offer expert-driven portfolio rebalancing.

Avoid Sector-Specific Funds

Sectoral funds are risky due to their narrow focus.

Stick to diversified equity or hybrid funds.

This reduces dependence on specific industries.

Risk Management and Contingency Planning
High-growth investments come with volatility. Be prepared for fluctuations.

Build an emergency fund to cover six months' expenses.

Avoid withdrawing from growth investments during the goal period.

Taxation Considerations
Equity funds have LTCG above Rs 1.25 lakh taxed at 12.5%.

STCG for equity funds is taxed at 20%.

Debt funds are taxed as per your income tax slab.

Keep these tax implications in mind when choosing investment vehicles.

Additional Steps to Enhance Wealth Creation
Increase SIP Contributions

Gradually increase your monthly SIP amount with income growth.

This accelerates the wealth-building process.

Track Fund Performance

Review your investments semi-annually.

Replace underperforming funds with better alternatives.

Avoid Insurance-Cum-Investment Products

If you hold LIC or ULIP policies, consider surrendering them.

Reinvest the proceeds into diversified mutual funds.

This can provide better returns and flexibility.

Aligning with Financial Discipline
Stay invested for the full tenure to benefit from compounding.

Avoid panic selling during market downturns.

Regular investments and patience are key to achieving Rs 1 crore.

Final Insights
Reaching Rs 1 crore in 5 years is achievable with a structured and disciplined approach. Use a mix of equity, debt, and hybrid funds for diversification. Stick to regular investments and review performance periodically. Avoid direct funds and leverage the expertise of a Certified Financial Planner to optimise your portfolio. Prioritise financial discipline and align investments with your goals.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Your daughter’s current investment in Bandhan Small Cap Fund, HDFC Large & Midcap Fund, and SBI Magnum Comma Fund shows a focus on a mix of growth-oriented and large to mid-sized equity funds. Small-cap funds generally bring high growth potential, while large and mid-cap funds offer a balance between growth and stability. However, careful diversification and active monitoring are essential, as market volatility can impact these categories differently.

Benefits and Limitations of Current Funds
Small Cap Funds: These funds can offer high growth but are riskier during market downturns. It’s important to assess risk tolerance and market cycles.

Large & Midcap Funds: These funds tend to provide balanced exposure and relatively better stability compared to small caps, but they may not achieve the same high returns during bullish phases.

Sector or Thematic Funds (like the SBI Magnum Comma Fund): Sectoral funds can be beneficial during a boom in their respective sectors but can underperform during sector-specific downturns. Diversification across sectors is important.

Recommendations for Diversification and Growth
To provide a more balanced portfolio and achieve better risk-adjusted returns, diversification across fund types and investment styles is crucial. Consider the following points:

Actively Managed Equity Funds: Actively managed funds with skilled fund managers can outperform in various market conditions. This is especially important for Indian markets, where a proactive approach can yield better results.

Balanced or Hybrid Funds: These funds can balance risk by investing in both equity and debt instruments, offering moderate growth with less volatility.

Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) Increase**: Increasing SIP contributions, as planned, can significantly boost your daughter’s long-term corpus through the power of compounding. Regular top-ups, combined with diversified funds, will help in creating a stable portfolio.

Multi-Cap Funds: Multi-cap funds invest across all market caps and provide better diversification. They can help mitigate the risks associated with market-cap-specific funds.

Additional Key Considerations
Regular Fund Review: Actively review fund performance every six months or annually. This will help realign the portfolio based on performance and market trends.

Avoid Direct Funds: Direct funds may seem cost-effective but lack advisory support. Investing through a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) ensures informed decisions, portfolio rebalancing, and tax optimization. The benefits of regular funds via an MFD with a CFP credential outweigh the perceived cost savings of direct funds.

Points on Tax Efficiency
Tax Planning: Be mindful of long-term and short-term capital gains taxation. While equity mutual funds have a LTCG above Rs 1.25 lakh taxed at 12.5% and STCG at 20%, debt funds are taxed as per the income slab. Consider this when diversifying into debt or hybrid options.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): For tax-efficient withdrawals later, consider using SWPs. They allow for periodic withdrawals while minimizing tax implications.

Investment Strategy for Additional Rs 10,000 Per Month
Incremental SIPs: The additional Rs 10,000 can be diversified into multi-cap, flexi-cap, or hybrid funds. This can provide exposure across different market segments and reduce risk concentration.

Sectoral Funds with Caution: If she is interested in thematic funds, it should be a smaller portion (around 10-15%) of her portfolio. Over-reliance on sectors can result in higher volatility.

Emergency Fund and Risk Coverage: Ensure she has a proper emergency fund and adequate insurance coverage. This provides a safety net and ensures long-term goals are not compromised by unforeseen events.

Financial Literacy and Discipline
Stay Informed: Encourage her to regularly learn about market trends and investment principles. Financial literacy will empower her to make independent and informed decisions.

Patience and Discipline: Investing in equity mutual funds requires patience and discipline. Encourage her to remain invested through market cycles and avoid panic selling.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls
Don’t Over-Diversify: While diversification is important, holding too many funds can dilute returns and make tracking cumbersome. Aim for a balanced number of well-researched funds.

Avoid Performance Chasing: Funds that perform well now may not sustain that performance. Focus on funds with consistent track records rather than the latest top performers.

Final Insights
Your daughter's current and planned investments show promising potential if aligned with a disciplined and diversified strategy. Ensure she leverages professional guidance through a Certified Financial Planner and stays informed about market trends and regulations. Long-term discipline and strategic allocation will help maximize wealth creation.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Your plan to invest Rs. 10,000 monthly through SIP for 3 years and Rs. 25 lakhs as a lumpsum is an excellent step. Let us evaluate and design an optimal strategy for both investments to suit your goals and time horizon.

SIP Investment for a 3-Year Horizon
A 3-year horizon is relatively short for equity mutual funds. Hence, capital preservation and moderate growth should be the primary goals.

Recommended Fund Categories
Hybrid Funds: These balance equity and debt, offering lower risk than pure equity funds. They are suitable for a 3-year horizon.

Arbitrage Funds: These invest in arbitrage opportunities and have minimal risk. They are a safer choice for short-term SIPs.

Short-Term Debt Funds: These focus on fixed-income instruments with shorter maturities, ensuring stability and predictable returns.

Key Considerations
Risk Mitigation: For a short horizon, avoid high-risk funds like small-cap or thematic funds.

Liquidity: Choose funds with no exit load beyond one year for better flexibility.

Lumpsum Investment of Rs. 25 Lakhs
Lumpsum investments require careful allocation to balance risk and return, especially over 3-5 years.

Recommended Fund Categories
Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds: These adjust equity and debt allocation based on market conditions, offering balanced returns.

Equity Savings Funds: These combine equity, arbitrage, and debt for steady growth with controlled risk.

Corporate Bond Funds: These focus on high-quality debt instruments and are ideal for preserving capital while earning stable returns.

Short-Term Debt Funds: These ensure low risk and predictable returns, making them suitable for conservative investors.

Avoid High-Risk Investments
Avoid pure equity funds for lumpsum investment over 3 years. The short horizon increases market timing risk.
Thematic and sectoral funds should also be avoided due to volatility and concentration risk.
Tax Implications for Both Investments
Understanding taxation is crucial for maximising post-tax returns.

Equity Funds: Short-term capital gains (STCG) are taxed at 20% for holdings under one year. Long-term capital gains (LTCG) above Rs. 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.

Debt Funds: Both STCG and LTCG are taxed as per your income tax slab.

Hybrid Funds: Taxation depends on the equity-debt ratio. If equity exposure is over 65%, equity taxation rules apply.

Arbitrage Funds: Treated as equity funds for taxation purposes.

Active Funds vs Index Funds
Active funds aim to outperform the market and are managed by expert fund managers.
Index funds only mirror the market and may underperform during volatile periods.
For a 3-year horizon, actively managed funds provide better growth potential and risk management.
Importance of Regular Plans Over Direct Plans
Regular plans offer professional monitoring by a Certified Financial Planner (CFP).
CFPs optimise asset allocation and ensure timely portfolio rebalancing.
Direct plans lack advisory support, leading to missed opportunities or inefficient decisions.
Final Insights
For your Rs. 10,000 SIP, hybrid or short-term debt funds are ideal for balancing growth and stability. Arbitrage funds can also be considered for their low-risk profile.

For the Rs. 25 lakh lumpsum, dynamic asset allocation funds and corporate bond funds offer a balanced and low-risk investment approach.

By combining these fund types, you can achieve steady returns and protect your capital over the next 3 years. Consult a Certified Financial Planner to tailor the investments further to your needs.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Your interest in starting a SIP in equity mutual funds is a great step. Selecting the right category is key for achieving your financial goals. Let us assess the three fund types to help you make an informed decision.

Understanding Flexi Cap Funds
Investment Approach: Flexi cap funds invest across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap stocks.

Flexibility Advantage: Fund managers have the freedom to allocate funds as per market conditions.

Risk and Return Profile: These funds balance stability and growth. They suit investors with moderate to high risk tolerance.

Diversification: You benefit from diversification across market capitalisation, reducing risk.

Recommended For: Long-term investors seeking steady returns with lower volatility.

Overview of Multi Cap Funds
Diversified Investment: Multi cap funds invest at least 25% in large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap stocks.

Balanced Exposure: This allocation ensures exposure to all segments, reducing dependency on one category.

Risk Profile: These funds are slightly riskier than flexi cap funds due to mandated small-cap exposure.

Consistent Returns: Historically, multi cap funds have delivered stable and competitive returns.

Recommended For: Investors aiming for balanced growth over a long term.

Insights on Thematic Funds
Sector-Specific Focus: Thematic funds invest in specific themes, sectors, or industries like technology or infrastructure.

Higher Risk: Concentrated exposure increases sector-specific risk. Returns depend on the theme’s performance.

Volatility: These funds are highly volatile and require active monitoring.

Time-Dependent Success: Themes may perform well only during certain economic phases.

Recommended For: Seasoned investors with a high-risk appetite and deep market understanding.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing
Investment Horizon
A longer horizon (7-10 years) benefits from flexi cap and multi cap funds.
Thematic funds suit shorter periods if timed with market cycles.
Risk Tolerance
Flexi cap funds carry moderate risk, ideal for balanced investors.
Multi cap funds are riskier but provide exposure to small-cap growth potential.
Thematic funds are best for aggressive investors with sector knowledge.
Diversification
Flexi cap funds offer flexibility and broad diversification.
Multi cap funds mandate a fixed allocation across all market caps.
Thematic funds lack diversification due to sector concentration.
Fund Manager’s Expertise
Thematic funds require a skilled fund manager with a strong understanding of the theme.
Flexi and multi cap funds also depend on manager expertise but involve less concentration risk.
Advantages of Active Funds Over Index Funds
Active funds aim to outperform the market, while index funds only match it.
Skilled fund managers in active funds adjust allocations during market changes.
Index funds may underperform during volatile or corrective phases.
Importance of Investing Through Regular Plans
Regular plans with Certified Financial Planners provide ongoing monitoring.
They ensure timely rebalancing of your portfolio based on market conditions.
Direct plans lack expert guidance, which may lead to missed opportunities.
Final Insights
If you must choose one, flexi cap funds are the most versatile and balanced option. They offer stability, diversification, and growth potential. Multi cap funds are also strong performers for long-term goals.

Thematic funds can be rewarding but are highly volatile and risky. They suit seasoned investors or as a small portion of your overall portfolio.

Focus on aligning your investment choice with your goals and risk appetite. A Certified Financial Planner can help you optimise your SIP strategy for better wealth creation.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Your investment in mid-cap, flexi-cap, and infrastructure funds is commendable. Let us analyse whether staying invested is better or switching to other funds is necessary.

Assessing Mid-Cap Mutual Funds
Risk and Return Profile: Mid-cap funds invest in medium-sized companies. These funds have high growth potential but come with moderate to high risk.

Market Conditions: Mid-caps perform well during economic growth phases. They might underperform in volatile markets.

Performance Check: Compare your mid-cap fund’s returns with the category average over 5- and 7-year periods. Consistent underperformance might indicate a need to switch.

Recommendation: Stay invested if the fund aligns with your risk profile and shows consistent returns.

Evaluating Flexi-Cap Funds
Diversification Advantage: Flexi-cap funds invest across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap stocks. This flexibility balances growth and stability.

Fund Manager’s Role: The success of these funds depends heavily on the fund manager’s skill.

Performance Consistency: Check the fund’s track record over multiple market cycles. It should outperform the benchmark consistently.

Recommendation: Continue if the fund provides stability and growth, and aligns with your long-term goals.

Understanding Infrastructure Funds
Sector-Specific Risk: Infrastructure funds focus on a single sector, increasing concentration risk.

Economic Dependency: Their performance is tied to government policies and economic growth.

Volatility: These funds are highly volatile and may not suit conservative investors.

Recommendation: Diversify if you have overexposure to this sector. Stay invested if the sector aligns with your financial goals and risk appetite.

General Guidelines for Mutual Fund Investments
Diversification and Portfolio Balance
Avoid overexposure to one sector or category.
Ensure your portfolio includes large-cap, mid-cap, and sectoral funds for balanced growth.
Fund Performance Review
Review fund performance annually.
Stay with funds that consistently beat their benchmarks.
Tax Implications
Long-term capital gains above Rs. 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.
Short-term gains are taxed at 20%.
Plan exits strategically to minimise tax impact.

Expense Ratio
Check the expense ratio of your funds. High expense ratios eat into returns.
Benefits of Actively Managed Funds Over Index Funds
Actively managed funds aim to outperform the index.
Index funds only replicate market returns.
Fund managers in active funds adjust strategies based on market trends.
Active funds offer better potential for high returns, justifying their expense ratio.

Regular Plans Over Direct Plans
Regular plans through a Certified Financial Planner provide guidance.
They help you rebalance your portfolio and monitor fund performance.
Direct plans lack professional advice, which may lead to suboptimal decisions.
Investing via a certified planner ensures better wealth management.

Final Insights
Your decision should align with your goals, risk profile, and market trends. Mid-cap and flexi-cap funds offer growth, while infrastructure funds require cautious monitoring.

Evaluate fund performance and diversification before making changes. Consulting a Certified Financial Planner can optimise your investment strategy.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Your commercial property is a valuable asset providing steady rental income. Let us analyse whether keeping it or shifting to mutual funds is better for your passive income goal.

Current Property Returns
Rental Yield: Your property gives Rs. 60,000 per month, or Rs. 7.2 lakh annually.
Yield Percentage: This translates to a rental yield of 4% on Rs. 1.8 crore.
Assessment: A 4% rental yield is on the lower side. Real estate returns largely depend on location and demand.

Market Risk: Property prices may not grow substantially in the short term (5-10 years).
Liquidity: Selling property is time-consuming compared to liquidating mutual funds.
Potential Returns from Mutual Funds
If the property is sold and invested in mutual funds:

Equity Mutual Funds: Could generate 10-12% annualised returns over 5-10 years. Suitable for long-term wealth creation.

Balanced Advantage Funds: Offer moderate risk with potential returns of 8-10%. Ideal for balancing growth and income.

SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan): Generates monthly income while keeping the principal invested. Returns can surpass the rental yield of your property.

Key Factors to Decide
Rental Income vs. SWP Income
Rental Stability: Real estate provides stable monthly income but with lower yield.
SWP Flexibility: Mutual funds via SWP offer flexibility and tax-efficient income.
Growth Potential
Real estate appreciates slowly in urban areas.
Mutual funds, especially equity, have historically outperformed real estate over the long term.
Liquidity
Property sale takes time and effort.
Mutual funds offer liquidity, allowing quick access to funds in emergencies.
Tax Implications
Rental income is taxed based on your slab.
Mutual fund gains have structured taxation rules:
LTCG above Rs. 1.25 lakh: Taxed at 12.5%.
STCG: Taxed at 20%.
Ensure you calculate post-tax returns when comparing both options.

Suggested Approach
Retain the Property If:
You value stable rental income without much market exposure.
You expect property appreciation in the next 5-10 years due to location demand.
You have emotional or personal attachment to the property.
Sell the Property If:
You seek higher returns for wealth creation and passive income.
You want liquidity and flexibility to diversify investments.
You aim to optimise tax efficiency on your income.
Roadmap for Reinvesting Rs. 1.8 Crore
Short-Term Needs
Keep Rs. 20 lakh in Fixed Deposits or Liquid Mutual Funds for emergencies or opportunities.
Long-Term Investments
Allocate Rs. 1.2 crore to equity mutual funds for growth potential.
Use Rs. 40 lakh in balanced funds for moderate risk and steady returns.
SWP Plan for Passive Income
Set up an SWP from mutual funds to generate monthly income.
Aim for Rs. 80,000 monthly withdrawals to surpass your current rental income.
Final Insights
Your decision depends on risk tolerance and goals. Selling the property and reinvesting can boost income and returns. However, retaining the property ensures stability.

Assess market trends and consult a Certified Financial Planner for tailored advice.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: HI Sri/ Madam,

Start taking freelancing work as per your bandwidth. Take up small projects and see if you are able to deliver. You also need to check your company policy if they allow to do side hustle. This is the first step you can initiate.

All the best. Hope this helps

Thanks
Ashwini
www.ashwinidasgupta.com

Ans: I would recommend him to keep writing CAT and simultaneously do a job. If he does not get admission to a good college, then he can later apply for executive MBA course. XLRI GMP course require 3 years work ex, Great lakes require 2 year work ex. Some of the top IIMs require 4 to 5 years of work ex.