Good evening Ambareesh, is the finance minister's target of fiscal deficit at 4.5% of GDP by 2025-26 realistic and 5.9pc for 2023-24 even as the figure stood at 6.4pc in 2022-23? Is this budget capital-market friendly?

Ans: Your current financial foundation is strong and shows promise:

A rental income of Rs. 90,000 per month provides consistent and predictable cash flow. This stability can serve as the backbone for your investment strategy.

PPF contributions of Rs. 12,500 per month for 2.5 years reflect disciplined saving. However, its returns may be insufficient to achieve a high-growth target like Rs. 5 crores in 10 years.

A robust Mediclaim policy of Rs. 50 lakhs for you and your wife ensures adequate health coverage. This safeguard allows you to focus on wealth-building without worrying about medical emergencies.

Despite these positive factors, achieving Rs. 5 crores in 10 years requires a carefully crafted and growth-oriented strategy.

Defining and Prioritising Your Financial Goals
Achieving Rs. 5 crores is ambitious yet achievable with a focused approach:

Define this target as your primary financial goal over the next decade.

Break it into manageable milestones: for example, Rs. 50 lakhs every 1-2 years in cumulative investments and growth.

Prioritise high-return investments that align with your risk tolerance and financial capacity.

Optimising Existing PPF Contributions
While PPF is a secure investment, its growth potential is limited:

Returns: PPF currently offers an interest rate of approximately 7-7.5%, which barely outpaces inflation.

Contribution Review: Consider capping your PPF contributions at Rs. 1.5 lakh annually (to utilise the Section 80C benefit). This ensures that excess funds are redirected to higher-return investments.

PPF can serve as a low-risk component of your portfolio but should not dominate your investment strategy.

Building a Diversified Investment Portfolio
A diversified portfolio will provide a balance of risk and reward. Include the following components:

1. Equity Mutual Funds for Growth
Equity mutual funds are essential for achieving high returns over the long term:

Large-Cap Funds: These invest in established companies and offer stability with moderate growth. They are ideal for a portion of your portfolio to reduce risk.

Multi-Cap or Flexi-Cap Funds: These provide exposure to companies of all sizes, offering growth and diversification.

Sectoral and Thematic Funds: Avoid these unless you have a high risk tolerance and understand market dynamics.

ELSS Funds: These not only provide tax savings under Section 80C but also deliver market-linked returns.

Why Avoid Index Funds?

Index funds may offer simplicity and lower expense ratios, but they lack flexibility. They cannot adapt to market conditions or capitalise on outperforming sectors. Actively managed funds, on the other hand, have the potential to outperform the market, especially in a developing economy like India.

Start with a Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) in selected funds to build wealth steadily.

2. Debt Mutual Funds for Stability
Debt funds add stability to your portfolio and reduce overall risk:

Choose funds with low credit risk and moderate duration to ensure safety and predictable returns.

Debt funds are suitable for short- to medium-term goals or as a fallback during market corrections.

Taxation Note: Both LTCG and STCG on debt funds are taxed as per your income tax slab. This should be factored into your planning.

3. Balanced Advantage Funds
Balanced advantage funds (BAFs) dynamically allocate assets between equity and debt. They:

Provide exposure to equity while minimising downside risk.

Offer a suitable option for someone nearing retirement but seeking growth.

4. Gold Investments for Diversification
Allocate a small portion (5-10%) of your portfolio to gold:

Gold serves as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation.

Choose gold ETFs or sovereign gold bonds for ease of liquidity and better returns.

Emergency Fund Creation
Having an emergency fund is non-negotiable:

Maintain at least 6-12 months of expenses in liquid investments like liquid mutual funds or high-interest savings accounts.

This ensures liquidity for unforeseen events without disturbing your long-term investments.

Focus on Retirement Planning
At 62, balancing growth and safety becomes critical:

Estimate your monthly retirement expenses, considering inflation over the next 10-15 years.

Your target of Rs. 5 crores should primarily serve as your retirement corpus.

Allocate assets thoughtfully:

60-70% in equity funds for growth.
30-40% in debt funds for stability.
Periodically rebalance your portfolio to maintain this allocation.

Strategic Tax Planning
Tax efficiency can significantly impact your returns:

Continue using Section 80C to its full potential, including ELSS funds and PPF.

Consider the National Pension System (NPS) for an additional Rs. 50,000 deduction under Section 80CCD(1B).

Be mindful of the new taxation rules for mutual funds:

Equity Mutual Funds: LTCG above Rs. 1.25 lakh is taxed at 12.5%; STCG at 20%.
Debt Funds: LTCG and STCG are taxed as per your income slab.
Consult a Certified Financial Planner to optimise your tax strategy.

Regular Portfolio Monitoring and Rebalancing
Investing is not a one-time activity:

Review your portfolio every six months or annually to track performance.

Rebalance your asset allocation periodically to align with your financial goals and risk appetite.

Stay committed to SIPs even during market downturns, as this ensures cost-averaging.

Additional Suggestions
Avoid Over-Reliance on PPF
While PPF is safe, it is not sufficient for wealth creation. Shift excess contributions to equity-based investments for better returns.

Avoid Direct Stocks
Direct equity investing requires time, expertise, and constant monitoring. It carries higher risk and may lead to losses without proper research. Instead, rely on equity mutual funds managed by professionals.

Avoid Mixing Insurance and Investments
Do not invest in ULIPs or endowment plans, as they offer suboptimal returns. Stick to pure insurance products for protection and mutual funds for growth.

The Role of a Certified Financial Planner
To achieve Rs. 5 crores, a well-crafted financial plan is essential. A Certified Financial Planner (CFP) can:

Analyse your current investments and recommend improvements.

Design a customised strategy tailored to your income, expenses, and goals.

Provide periodic reviews to ensure you stay on track.

Finally
Achieving Rs. 5 crores in 10 years is a realistic goal if you adopt a disciplined and diversified approach.

Optimise your PPF contributions and channel excess funds into higher-growth investments.

Build a diversified portfolio with equity and debt mutual funds.

Include a small allocation to gold and maintain an emergency fund.

Stay consistent with your SIPs and review your investments regularly.

Work with a Certified Financial Planner to create a personalised roadmap.

By following these steps, you can secure your financial future and meet your goals.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ans: Yes you can get placed in top reputed company after completing MTech from IIT. But it may not be easy. You will have to secure admission into one of the top IITs. Out there you will have to perform exceptionally well in academics and in field that is relevant to what is required for by top companies. You may have to take part and perform well in some of the inter college events like Hackathon at National . International level. Even then getting a package of Rs. 1 cr may be possible but not easy.

Ans: 01. Individual share of LTCG (Sale price - Cost of plot) will be taxed, as under :
(a). Tax Rate 12.50% without indexation OR
(b). Tax Rate of 20% in case of Indexation.
You may calculate your tax liability under both options & may opt for the tax regime, where tax liability is minimum.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

Ans: 01. In case of Sale of property by one or both of you, to a single buyer, its date of purchase shall remain 1968 only.
02. In the instant case, you would be entitled to the benefit of Indexation.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

Ans: 01. There is no issue of inheritance involved in this case, as far as income tax is concerned.
02. If you sell shares, it would be subject to LTCG Tax under Income Tax.
03. Please note that only Gain would be taxed & not gross receipts from sale of shares.
04. There would be a tax exemption of up to Rs.1,25,000.00 per year on LTCG. Beyond this amount, it shall be taxed @12.50%.
05. If LTCG amount is more, then you may plan for certain other exemptions available under the income tax (u/s54F).
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

Ans: 01. You may withdraw maximum amount (which is eligible for purchase of a house) from your PF Account & Invest the same in purchase of a house or Flat. This may reduce your tax burden on account of heavy interest on PF & gives you the leverage of appreciation of value of your purchased house.
02. You may open a PPF Account & put your future savings in that account.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

Ans: 01. When you make a Gift to someone, it can't be claimed back. At least it is not your legal right to claim it back. However, its just mutual understanding between two parties.
02. If your maternal uncle has divided the amount in 6 parts & shared the same with all 6 brothers, you can't exercise any choice or preference. It is his prerogative, to utilize the property in a way he likes.
Your mother probably has no right to reclaim her share.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.

Ans: Yes. It is good, You can even create some games. Best of luck. Professor........:)

Ans: 01. You may sell the flat purchased earlier & pay off its loan. However, you would be entitled to LTCG Exemption only if the Purchase of New Flat & sale of old Flat is with in one year. Please compare the dates of Registration of both flats, since timeline is very important in this case.
02. Are you earning any income from the old flat ? If not, you may sell the property & repay the housing loan against new flat.
03. However, if you are earning reasonably from old flat, it would be beneficial to keep the same & utilize its income to pay EMIs.
Most welcome for any further clarifications. Thanks.