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How can I reach my retirement goal of Rs. 10 crore in 8 years?

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Aug 30, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Asked by Anonymous - Aug 30, 2024Hindi
Money

Hi Sir. I need your advise related to my portfolio and investment strategy. Currently I have around 2.7cr in FD / Bonds, 1.2cr in MF as current value, 37 lacs in equity which is mostly used for short term investment in shares, 15lacs in gold, 27lacs as bank balance. I have a monthly SIP of 35k which is actively managed by experts. I have my own house valued at 1.3cr and 1 son who I plan to send abroad for studies next year. The MF are spread across all asset classes. As I am NRI, I don't pay any tax on FD / Bonds. I need a corpus of around 10cr to retire in next 8 years. I have no other liabilities. Please can you advise a strategy to achieve this retirement goal.

Ans: First, congratulations on building a substantial and diversified portfolio. Your assets include Rs 2.7 crore in fixed deposits and bonds, Rs 1.2 crore in mutual funds, Rs 37 lakh in equity for short-term investments, Rs 15 lakh in gold, and Rs 27 lakh as a bank balance. You own a house valued at Rs 1.3 crore, and you have a clear goal to send your son abroad for his studies next year. Additionally, you are aiming to accumulate Rs 10 crore in the next 8 years for your retirement. Your existing investments are spread across various asset classes, and you have a Rs 35,000 monthly SIP that is professionally managed. As an NRI, your income from fixed deposits and bonds is tax-free, adding a significant advantage to your financial planning.

Given your current assets and retirement goal, a well-planned investment strategy is essential to achieve financial independence within your desired timeline.

Assessing Your Current Portfolio
Fixed Deposits and Bonds:

You have Rs 2.7 crore in fixed deposits and bonds, which are providing stability and safety. As an NRI, you are not paying tax on the interest income from these instruments, which enhances their net returns. However, these are relatively low-yielding investments, and their returns may not keep pace with inflation over the long term.

Consider whether these funds are appropriately diversified across different types of bonds (e.g., government, corporate) and fixed deposits to maximize returns while maintaining safety.

Mutual Funds:

Your Rs 1.2 crore in mutual funds is well-diversified across all asset classes. Mutual funds offer a balanced approach to wealth creation with the potential for higher returns than fixed deposits and bonds. Since your SIPs are actively managed, you benefit from expert oversight, which helps optimize your returns and manage risk.

It’s important to review your mutual fund portfolio regularly to ensure that it continues to align with your retirement goals. Given the long-term horizon, consider maintaining a higher allocation in equity funds, which tend to offer superior returns over time compared to debt funds.

Equity Investments:

You have Rs 37 lakh in equity, which you use primarily for short-term investments. Equity investments offer the highest potential returns among asset classes but also come with higher volatility. Since these are for short-term gains, ensure that you are not overexposed to market risks that could negatively impact your overall portfolio.

If you consistently achieve positive returns, this portion of your portfolio can contribute significantly to your retirement corpus. However, short-term market volatility could be challenging, so it’s wise to manage this segment carefully.

Gold:

Your Rs 15 lakh investment in gold provides a hedge against inflation and currency fluctuations. Gold tends to perform well during periods of economic uncertainty, making it a valuable part of your portfolio. However, gold generally does not generate income, so it should remain a smaller portion of your overall investment strategy.

Consider holding gold in a way that minimizes storage and insurance costs, such as through Sovereign Gold Bonds or gold ETFs, rather than physical gold.

Bank Balance:

You have Rs 27 lakh as a bank balance, which provides liquidity for any immediate needs or emergencies. This is an essential part of your financial security, but holding too much in cash can be counterproductive due to inflation eroding its value over time.

Consider maintaining enough cash to cover 6 to 12 months of expenses and redeploy the excess into higher-yielding investments.

Strategic Recommendations for Retirement Planning
Increase Equity Exposure:

Given your 8-year retirement horizon, it’s advisable to increase your allocation to equities. Historically, equities have outperformed other asset classes over long periods, making them an essential part of any retirement plan aiming for significant growth.

Consider reallocating a portion of your fixed deposits and bonds into equity mutual funds or direct equity. Since your SIPs are already professionally managed, continue with this approach but consider increasing the monthly contribution to accelerate your corpus growth.

Maximize the Potential of Mutual Funds:

Your mutual funds are already spread across all asset classes, which is good for diversification. However, to achieve a Rs 10 crore corpus, you may need to enhance your exposure to growth-oriented equity funds.

Consider increasing your SIP amount or making additional lump-sum investments when the market presents buying opportunities. Regular reviews with your Certified Financial Planner (CFP) will help ensure that your portfolio stays aligned with your goals.

Short-Term Equity Strategy:

Your short-term equity investments can be beneficial, but they should not distract from your long-term retirement strategy. Ensure that the profits from these investments are periodically reallocated to your long-term portfolio to contribute to your retirement corpus.

Keep a disciplined approach to profit booking and reinvestment, so that short-term gains effectively contribute to your long-term goals.

Optimize Fixed Deposits and Bonds:

While fixed deposits and bonds provide safety, they may not offer the returns needed to grow your corpus to Rs 10 crore in 8 years. Consider reducing your exposure to these low-yielding instruments and redirecting those funds into higher-growth investments, particularly equities and equity-oriented mutual funds.

If you prefer the safety of fixed-income instruments, explore bonds or debt funds that offer higher yields, such as corporate bonds or dynamic bond funds. However, ensure these fit within your overall risk tolerance.

Maintain Sufficient Liquidity:

Keep your bank balance at a level that covers immediate needs and potential emergencies. Any excess can be invested in liquid funds or ultra-short-term debt funds, which offer slightly better returns than a savings account while maintaining liquidity.

Liquid funds can also serve as a parking space for funds before they are deployed into other investments, ensuring your money works for you at all times.

Focus on Tax Efficiency:

As an NRI, your tax-free status on fixed deposits and bonds is advantageous. However, consider the tax implications of your other investments, such as equity and mutual funds, especially when repatriating funds.

Work with your CFP to structure your investments in a tax-efficient manner, which could involve utilizing tax-saving instruments or investing in locations with favorable tax treaties.

Prepare for Your Son’s Education:

Since your son’s education abroad is a priority, ensure that the funds required for this purpose are readily accessible and not subject to market volatility. Consider using your bank balance or a portion of your fixed deposits to cover these expenses.

You may also consider an education loan if needed, which can provide tax benefits on the interest paid and allow your investments to continue growing.

Retirement Corpus Calculation and Strategy
Set a Target Growth Rate:

To achieve a Rs 10 crore corpus in 8 years, you need a disciplined investment approach. The target growth rate will depend on the current value of your investments and the additional contributions you can make.

Considering your substantial existing portfolio, aim for a balanced growth rate that reflects a mix of equities, debt, and alternative investments. Your CFP can help you set realistic expectations based on historical performance and market conditions.

Regular Portfolio Reviews:

Regularly review your portfolio’s performance with your CFP. This allows you to adjust your strategy based on market conditions, your financial situation, and any changes in your goals.

Ensure your portfolio remains aligned with your risk tolerance and that your investments are working effectively towards your retirement target.

Stay Disciplined with Investments:

Avoid making impulsive investment decisions based on short-term market movements. A disciplined, long-term approach is key to achieving your retirement goal.

Stick to your SIPs, regularly review your portfolio, and adjust your investments based on your progress towards the Rs 10 crore target.

Final Insights
You have a well-diversified and substantial portfolio that positions you well to achieve your retirement goal of Rs 10 crore in 8 years. However, optimizing your strategy with increased equity exposure, a focus on tax efficiency, and regular portfolio reviews will enhance your chances of success. By maintaining a disciplined investment approach and working closely with your Certified Financial Planner, you can achieve your retirement goals while ensuring your financial security.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 17, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - May 07, 2024Hindi
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Hi, My age is 37 years and need suggestion if my investment strategy is correct .I dont have specific plans for withdrawal,However looking to save for my kids higher education and comfortable retirement. Currently my monthly investment is distributed as below: i) 130000 SIP in Mutual Fund ( Large Cap 50% : a)DSP equal weight Index fund b)Canara Rob Bluechip C) SBI Contra Midcap 25%: a) Motilal mid b) Quant Mid Smallcap 15%: a) Quant Small b) Canara Rob small Misc. fund 10%: a) ICICI Nasdaq b) Edelweiss Gold+Silver I do step up in SIP based = salary increment I get. ii) 12700 in NPS iii) 40000 in FD instead of debt fund iv) 12000 to PPF 50000 every year in NPS for additional tax saving. Additionally I am already have mutual fund accumulation value of 60 Lakhs (XIRR 21%) and 12lakhs in direct stocks. Term life insurance of 50lakhs. Together with me ,I have one 9year old son and wife living together with my parents. I have no investment in real estate as had very bad experience in past . Staying in parental home. Everyone says one should have real estate investment which currently i dont hav. Please advice about my investment strategy for next 13 years till I reach 50 years of age.
Ans: Evaluating and Optimizing Your Investment Strategy for Long-Term Goals
Comprehensive Portfolio Review
Your diversified investment portfolio reflects a prudent approach towards achieving your financial objectives of funding your children's education and securing a comfortable retirement. Let's assess each component to ensure alignment with your goals and risk tolerance.

Mutual Fund SIPs Allocation
Your allocation to mutual fund SIPs across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap categories is well-diversified, aiming for growth potential while managing risk. Consider periodically reviewing fund performance and rebalancing your portfolio to maintain optimal asset allocation.

National Pension System (NPS) Contributions
Continuing NPS contributions provide tax benefits and long-term retirement savings. Evaluate the suitability of your NPS investment strategy based on your risk profile and retirement goals. Consider adjusting your asset allocation within the NPS to align with your overall portfolio.

Fixed Deposits vs. Debt Funds
Reassess the rationale for allocating funds to Fixed Deposits instead of debt mutual funds. Debt funds offer potentially higher returns and tax efficiency compared to FDs. Evaluate your risk appetite and liquidity needs to determine the optimal allocation between fixed income instruments.

Public Provident Fund (PPF) Contributions
PPF contributions provide tax benefits and long-term wealth accumulation. Evaluate whether the current allocation aligns with your overall asset allocation strategy and consider maximizing contributions to leverage the tax advantages and potential compounding benefits.

Additional NPS Contributions for Tax Saving
Contributing 50,000 annually to NPS for tax savings is beneficial, but ensure it aligns with your retirement goals and risk profile. Evaluate the impact of additional NPS contributions on your overall portfolio diversification and consider alternative tax-saving options if necessary.

Risk Management and Insurance
Your term life insurance coverage provides financial protection for your family. Consider reviewing your insurance needs periodically to ensure adequate coverage based on your evolving financial situation and responsibilities.

Real Estate Investment Consideration
While real estate can be a valuable asset class, your past negative experience warrants caution. Evaluate alternative investment avenues that offer diversification, liquidity, and potential returns aligned with your risk tolerance and long-term goals.

Seeking Professional Guidance
Consider consulting with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) to conduct a comprehensive review of your investment strategy. A CFP can provide personalized recommendations, optimize your portfolio, and align your investments with your financial objectives and risk tolerance.

Conclusion
By regularly reviewing and optimizing your investment strategy, you can enhance the probability of achieving your financial goals over the next 13 years. Stay disciplined in your savings and investment approach, and seek professional guidance to navigate market dynamics and optimize portfolio performance.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 27, 2024

Money
I am 39 male. I have a current corpus as follows. MF 15L, PF 23L, PPF 5L, company share 7L, NPS 8 lakhs (10k per month), 60L stock trading earning 2% per month, loan outstanding 15L, earning 3L per month and adding 50k per month into trading capital. I have a home of 1 crore and one kid . I continue 36k per month MF SIP, 28k per month MF, 40kvhome loan emi. After 7 years all these will accumulate to these numbers PF 75 lkhs Company share 40lakgs MF 80 lakhs EL & gratuity 15 lakhs LIC 35 lakhs I want to retire at 45 and wishing and confident to accumulate 7 crores in total. These are my plans for retirement. 1. Planning to do a MF SWP for 60k per month or 5% per anum from a corpus of 1.5 Cr. Will that 1.5 crore grow and last beating inflation till the rest of my life? 2. I wish to put these amounts in MF .50lakhs for emergency fund, 50lakhs kids education and marriage. 3. Will keep on trading with the remaining 4-5 crores cautiously till I attain 60 years of age. Is there any suggestions on asset allocation, or any other way of putting funds now and after retirement?
Ans: Planning for retirement is a significant financial decision, especially when aiming to retire early. You have a clear vision for your financial future, and your detailed plan shows that you have given it a lot of thought. Let's evaluate your current situation and future plans, and provide suggestions to help you achieve your retirement goals by age 45.

Current Financial Snapshot
You have a diverse portfolio with various investments. Your assets and monthly contributions are:

Mutual Funds: Rs 15 lakhs
Provident Fund (PF): Rs 23 lakhs
Public Provident Fund (PPF): Rs 5 lakhs
Company Shares: Rs 7 lakhs
National Pension System (NPS): Rs 8 lakhs (contributing Rs 10,000 monthly)
Stock Trading: Rs 60 lakhs, earning 2% monthly
Loan Outstanding: Rs 15 lakhs
Monthly Earnings: Rs 3 lakhs
Monthly SIP in Mutual Funds: Rs 36,000
Additional Monthly Mutual Fund Investment: Rs 28,000
Monthly Home Loan EMI: Rs 40,000
Your home is valued at Rs 1 crore, and you have one child.

Future Projections
In seven years, you expect your investments to grow as follows:

PF: Rs 75 lakhs
Company Shares: Rs 40 lakhs
Mutual Funds: Rs 80 lakhs
Employee Provident Fund (EPF) and Gratuity: Rs 15 lakhs
LIC: Rs 35 lakhs
You aim to accumulate a total corpus of Rs 7 crores by the age of 45.

Retirement Income Strategy
You plan to implement a Mutual Fund Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) for Rs 60,000 per month or 5% per annum from a corpus of Rs 1.5 crores.

Assessing the SWP Plan
Using a SWP for a steady income is a popular strategy. However, the sustainability of this plan depends on the growth of your corpus and inflation.

Growth and Longevity: If your mutual fund investments grow at a rate higher than your withdrawal rate (5%), your corpus can sustain and even grow over time. However, this requires choosing actively managed funds with a good track record of beating inflation and market returns.

Inflation Impact: Over the years, inflation can erode the purchasing power of your withdrawals. Ensure your investments are in funds that consistently outperform inflation.

Asset Allocation for Safety and Growth
Diversifying your investments is crucial to managing risk and ensuring growth. Let's assess your proposed allocations:

Emergency Fund (Rs 50 lakhs): Having a substantial emergency fund is wise. Ensure this is kept in a highly liquid, low-risk investment, such as a money market fund or a high-interest savings account.

Child’s Education and Marriage (Rs 50 lakhs): Investing this amount in mutual funds for long-term goals is prudent. Consider equity-oriented funds with a history of good performance.

Trading Strategy
Continuing with stock trading cautiously till 60 years of age can be lucrative. However, trading involves significant risk.

Risk Management: Ensure you have a robust risk management strategy. Never risk more than you can afford to lose, and maintain a diversified trading portfolio.

Consistent Earnings: Achieving a consistent 2% monthly return is ambitious. Regularly review and adjust your trading strategies based on market conditions.

Recommendations for Asset Allocation
Diversify Investments: Diversify between equity, debt, and hybrid funds to balance risk and return.

Regular Review: Regularly review and adjust your portfolio to align with market conditions and life changes.

Professional Guidance: Consider periodic consultations with a Certified Financial Planner to ensure your strategy remains sound and aligned with your goals.

Conclusion
Your detailed planning and disciplined approach are commendable. With a focus on maintaining diversified investments and managing risks, you are well-positioned to achieve your retirement goals. Your proactive planning for an emergency fund and child’s education ensures financial security for unforeseen events and important milestones.

Final Thoughts
Stay Informed: Keep abreast of market trends and economic changes.
Be Flexible: Be ready to adjust your strategies as needed.
Prioritize Security: Ensure your investments align with your risk tolerance and long-term goals.
Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 13, 2024

Money
I have FDs of 15 lakhs, 10 lakhs in bank, 13 lakhs in ppf which is 7 yrs old. 9.5 lakhs in SIP, 3.5 Lakhs in Stocks. 15lakhs+ in NPS. I am a central government employee in level 7(first table) . I also have a pension of about 30000/pm. I am 42 yrs old and want retire with an corpus of around 2.5 cr. Pls advise my investment portfolio
Ans: First, let’s review your existing investments and assets. You have:

FDs of Rs 15 lakhs
Rs 10 lakhs in the bank
Rs 13 lakhs in PPF, 7 years old
Rs 9.5 lakhs in SIPs
Rs 3.5 lakhs in stocks
Rs 15+ lakhs in NPS
A monthly pension of Rs 30,000
Your total current assets amount to approximately Rs 66 lakhs, excluding your pension. At age 42, with the goal of retiring with a corpus of Rs 2.5 crores, it's crucial to plan and invest wisely.

Evaluating Your Investment Goals
Your primary goal is to retire with a corpus of Rs 2.5 crores. Given your age and current investments, achieving this goal is feasible with disciplined planning. Let's break down your portfolio and suggest improvements.

Fixed Deposits (FDs)
You have Rs 15 lakhs in FDs. FDs offer safety but low returns, typically not enough to beat inflation. Consider reducing your FD investments and reallocating funds to higher-yield options.

Bank Savings
You have Rs 10 lakhs in the bank. Keeping a significant amount in savings is good for liquidity but not ideal for long-term growth. Maintain an emergency fund of 6-12 months' expenses and invest the rest.

Public Provident Fund (PPF)
Your PPF, worth Rs 13 lakhs, is a reliable, tax-free investment. Continue contributing to maximize benefits, as it offers decent returns with tax advantages.

Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs)
You have Rs 9.5 lakhs in SIPs. SIPs in mutual funds are excellent for long-term wealth creation. Ensure these funds are well-diversified across equity and debt.

Stocks
You hold Rs 3.5 lakhs in stocks. Direct stock investment can be volatile. Regularly review and balance your portfolio to mitigate risks.

National Pension System (NPS)
With Rs 15+ lakhs in NPS, you have a solid foundation for retirement. NPS offers tax benefits and market-linked returns. Continue your contributions to benefit from compounding.

Strategic Reallocation and Diversification
Reducing Fixed Deposits and Bank Savings
Consider reallocating Rs 10 lakhs from FDs and Rs 7 lakhs from your bank savings. This Rs 17 lakhs can be invested in mutual funds and other instruments to achieve better growth.

Enhancing Your SIP Portfolio
Increase your SIP investments to enhance your equity exposure. Diversify across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds for balanced growth. Actively managed funds can provide better returns than index funds due to professional management.

Maximizing PPF Contributions
Continue maximizing your annual PPF contributions. PPF offers safe, tax-free returns, ideal for long-term goals like retirement.

Reviewing Stock Investments
Evaluate your stock portfolio periodically. Focus on blue-chip stocks and consider investing through mutual funds for professional management and diversification.

Leveraging the NPS
Increase your NPS contributions if possible. The NPS offers flexibility with various investment options and tax benefits, making it a crucial part of your retirement plan.

Adding New Investment Avenues
Mutual Funds
Mutual funds, particularly actively managed ones, can offer superior returns compared to index funds. The professional expertise of fund managers can help navigate market fluctuations effectively. Consider investing in a mix of equity and debt funds based on your risk tolerance and goals.

Equity Mutual Funds
Invest in equity mutual funds for higher returns. They are suitable for long-term goals and can outpace inflation. Opt for large-cap, mid-cap, and multi-cap funds to diversify risk.

Debt Mutual Funds
Debt funds provide stability and regular returns. They are less volatile than equity funds and are suitable for short to medium-term goals. Invest in high-quality corporate bonds or government securities for safety.

Regular Funds through Certified Financial Planners
Invest in regular mutual funds through a Certified Financial Planner. While direct funds have lower expense ratios, regular funds offer professional advice and tailored strategies, ensuring your investments align with your financial goals.

Avoiding Index Funds
Index funds, while cost-effective, may not always provide the best returns. They mirror market indices and lack the flexibility to adapt to market changes. Actively managed funds, although costlier, can outperform index funds through strategic investments.

Planning for Retirement
Target Corpus and Monthly Contributions
To retire with Rs 2.5 crores in 18 years, systematic and disciplined investments are essential. Assume moderate growth rates and inflation to determine your monthly contribution. Adjust your savings and investments to align with this goal.

Balancing Growth and Safety
Maintain a balanced portfolio with a mix of equity, debt, and other asset classes. This balance ensures growth while protecting your corpus from market volatility.

Reviewing and Rebalancing
Regularly review your portfolio and rebalance as needed. Market conditions change, and your portfolio should adapt accordingly to stay on track with your retirement goal.

Additional Financial Planning Tips
Emergency Fund
Maintain an emergency fund covering 6-12 months of expenses. This fund should be in a liquid form, such as a savings account or liquid mutual funds, to ensure accessibility in emergencies.

Insurance
Ensure adequate life and health insurance coverage. Your life insurance should cover outstanding liabilities and provide for your family’s needs. Health insurance is crucial to avoid depleting your savings in case of medical emergencies.

Tax Planning
Leverage tax-saving instruments to maximize your returns. Investments in PPF, NPS, and ELSS funds offer tax benefits. Efficient tax planning can significantly boost your overall returns.

Estate Planning
Create a will and consider estate planning. This ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes and reduces legal hassles for your heirs.

Monitoring and Adjusting Your Plan
Regular Reviews
Regularly review your financial plan with your Certified Financial Planner. Adjust your strategy based on changes in your financial situation, market conditions, and goals.

Staying Informed
Stay informed about market trends and new investment opportunities. Knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions and adapt your plan as needed.

Discipline and Patience
Investing is a long-term game. Maintain discipline and patience, and avoid making impulsive decisions based on short-term market movements.

Final Insights
Reaching a retirement corpus of Rs 2.5 crores by age 60 is achievable with strategic planning and disciplined investing. Diversify your portfolio, leverage the expertise of a Certified Financial Planner, and stay focused on your goals. Regularly review and adjust your plan to ensure it remains aligned with your objectives. With the right approach, you can secure a comfortable and financially stable retirement.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Sep 11, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Sep 11, 2025Hindi
Money
I am 30F, single. I would need advise on my current portfolio. I hold - Parag parikh flexi cap - 22000 Canara robeco large cap - 5000 Quant small cap - 2000 Motilal oswal mid cap - 7000 Nippon small cap - 3000 SBI contra - 3300 Mirae asset elss - discontinued currently that fund has 5L invested. These are my current sip. I have following goals - Planning to retire by 45-50. Would need steady monthly income. - need to buy a home in next 5 years. - a car (max 10L budget) - Wealth creation - Retirement planning I have no debt as of now. And have some investment in NPS (50000) annually and PPF too. Kindly suggest me investment strategy or plan suitable for me. I can invest upto 80-90k per month. I want to invest in equity only.
Ans: You have done really well. You are only 30 and you are debt free. You are disciplined in SIPs. You are also investing in NPS and PPF. These things show strong financial maturity. That is an excellent base for wealth building.

» Understanding your goals
Your goals are clear and practical. You want to retire early around 45–50. You want steady income post retirement. You want to buy a house in the next 5 years. You want a car of Rs 10 lakh budget. You want long-term wealth creation and retirement planning. These are ambitious but possible. The key is aligning your investments with each timeline.

» Assessing your present portfolio
Your present portfolio is mostly equity. You are holding a mix of flexi cap, large cap, mid cap, small cap, contra and ELSS. You are also continuing with NPS and PPF. The ELSS is a big chunk with Rs 5 lakh invested already. That is good for tax saving and long-term growth. You also have some exposure to contra style which adds diversity. Small cap exposure is there but manageable. Overall allocation is tilted towards long term growth. This is suitable for wealth creation but needs fine tuning for goals.

» Short term goals – buying home in 5 years
A house purchase is a short term goal. Equity is not ideal for 5 years. Markets can be volatile in such horizon. You should earmark this goal separately. Do not mix house money with retirement money. Since you only want equity, you must be prepared for possible volatility. If you still stick with equity, then go with large cap or balanced style funds only for this goal. But ideally, part of this should be in safer options. You must keep flexibility here. Otherwise you risk delaying the house purchase.

» Short term goals – buying a car
Your car goal is Rs 10 lakh. That is medium horizon. Plan to buy it in 4 to 5 years. For such time, equity can still be risky. But since the ticket size is not huge, you can continue SIPs in large cap or diversified funds for this. Keep flexibility to redeem when markets are stable. Do not depend on small cap funds for this goal.

» Long term goals – retirement and wealth
Here your equity focus is correct. You have 15–20 years before retirement. Equity delivers best over such horizon. Flexi cap, mid cap and small cap exposure can be kept. You must structure allocation well. Flexi cap and large cap should be core. Mid and small caps can be satellite allocation. Contra and thematic can be spice only. This balance will bring growth plus stability.

» Asset allocation strategy
You are currently fully into equity. That suits your risk appetite but may create stress in short term goals. Better to create buckets. One bucket for house and car. One bucket for retirement. One bucket for wealth creation. Each bucket should have different allocation. For house and car, restrict equity to lower risk funds. For retirement, allow more mid and small cap allocation. For wealth creation, mix of flexi cap and mid cap will be best.

» Contribution planning with Rs 80–90k monthly
Your monthly capacity is strong. You must direct flows as below:
– About Rs 40k to long-term retirement and wealth funds.
– About Rs 30k to house goal funds.
– About Rs 10k to car goal.
– Balance Rs 10k to ELSS or tax saving if required.
This way each goal is served without confusion.

» Importance of fund selection approach
You must prefer actively managed funds. Index funds look simple but they give average return only. They just copy the index. In India, many active funds have beaten index over long term. Active funds also adapt to market changes. They can shift between sectors and stocks. Index funds cannot do that. They may keep poor stocks also. In long run, active funds deliver better risk adjusted return. For goals like retirement, you need active management.

» Role of direct funds versus regular funds
Some investors use direct funds to save commission. But direct funds demand your active tracking. You must review every year, change funds when required, manage risk. That needs lot of time and expertise. Most investors cannot give that. Regular funds through a Certified Financial Planner are better. You get handholding, proper asset allocation and timely rebalancing. The guidance protects you from emotional mistakes. Over long term, this guidance creates more wealth than the small cost saved in direct funds.

» NPS and PPF role
Your contribution to NPS and PPF is good. NPS gives equity plus debt mix with tax benefits. PPF gives stable long-term tax free growth. These are good secondary pillars for retirement. Do not stop these. But do not depend only on them. Your main wealth building will come from mutual funds.

» Taxation perspective
When you redeem equity mutual funds, new tax rules apply. Long term capital gains above Rs 1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%. Short term capital gains are taxed at 20%. Keep this in mind for planning redemptions. Use systematic withdrawal during retirement to manage tax. For short term goals like house and car, you may need lump sum redemption. Plan redemption a year before target to reduce risk.

» Building steady income for retirement
Once you retire at 45–50, your goal is steady income. At that time you should not depend only on growth funds. You can shift part of corpus to hybrid funds or equity income funds. These will give you systematic withdrawal plans. That way you can get monthly income. Always plan phased withdrawal not lump sum. This ensures money lasts longer.

» Review and rebalancing
Investments must be reviewed yearly. Portfolio should be rebalanced. When small caps grow more than expected, reduce and move to large caps. When markets fall, add more if possible. Do not keep portfolio static for long. A Certified Financial Planner will help with disciplined review.

» Psychological readiness
You must prepare for market ups and downs. Short term volatility is normal. But long term growth is rewarding. Keep patience in bad markets. Do not stop SIPs when market falls. That time is best for wealth building.

» Insurance protection
Even though you are single, check for term insurance. If you have dependents later, this will protect them. Also ensure you have good health insurance. This prevents you from redeeming investments for medical needs.

» Emergency fund
Keep 6 to 9 months expenses in liquid funds or savings. This is not for investment, but for safety. This protects your SIPs from being stopped during crisis.

» Finally
You have a very strong start. Your savings capacity is high. Your goals are ambitious but achievable. Keep separate buckets for house, car and retirement. Keep active funds as core. Prefer regular funds through Certified Financial Planner for long term support. Do not mix short term and long term goals. Continue NPS and PPF. Protect yourself with health and life cover. Review yearly and rebalance. Stay patient in market cycles. You will achieve financial freedom much earlier than most.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Nov 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Nov 05, 2025Hindi
Money
Hi Ma'am. I need your advise related to my portfolio and investment strategy. My current FD / bonds corpus is around 1.9cr, MF value of 1.35cr spread across all asset classes, 70 lacs as bank balance and around 20lacs in shares. I have a monthly SIP of 45k which is actively managed by experts. I have my own house and have invested in another under construction flat valued at 3cr. I have an active home loan of 50lacs pending on the flat and need to pay the builder around 1cr as per CLP. As I am NRI, I don't pay any tax on FD / Bonds. I have a son who will start his MBA from next year. I need a corpus of around 10cr to retire in next 7 years. Please can you advise if the current strategy is in line to achieve this retirement goal.
Ans: You have done extremely well in building a strong and diverse portfolio. It reflects many years of discipline, financial awareness, and focus on long-term security. Your current mix of fixed income, mutual funds, equity, and property shows thoughtful asset diversification. The goal of Rs.10 crore corpus in the next 7 years is realistic, provided the strategy stays balanced and dynamically managed. Let’s analyse each part of your portfolio and identify the areas that can be fine-tuned to help you achieve your retirement goal with confidence.

» Assessing your current position

You have a total portfolio value of around Rs.4.15 crore across asset classes.
It includes Rs.1.9 crore in FD and bonds, Rs.1.35 crore in mutual funds, Rs.70 lakh as bank balance, and Rs.20 lakh in shares.
You also own your home and an under-construction flat worth Rs.3 crore with a home loan of Rs.50 lakh and a remaining payment of around Rs.1 crore.

Your current financial base is solid. You also have a stable income stream since you are continuing to earn abroad.
Your family responsibilities include supporting your son’s MBA next year. This will need a separate funding plan so that your long-term retirement goal remains undisturbed.

» Understanding your financial goals

You have two main financial goals right now:

Funding your son’s MBA fully and comfortably.

Building a Rs.10 crore retirement corpus within the next 7 years.

The time frame is medium-term, and therefore the strategy must balance growth with stability. The challenge is to protect what you have already built while still ensuring sufficient growth.

» Review of your asset allocation

Your current portfolio has higher allocation towards fixed income instruments. Rs.1.9 crore in FD and bonds gives security but limits growth potential. These are important for liquidity and capital safety but not for wealth creation.

Your mutual funds and equity together form about Rs.1.55 crore, which is around one-third of your total liquid investments. This portion gives growth potential. However, to reach Rs.10 crore in 7 years, you will need higher exposure to quality growth assets, but done in a controlled and phased manner.

Your real estate holding is significant, but it should not be seen as your main wealth driver. Real estate usually gives moderate long-term returns with low liquidity and uncertain cash flow. It is better to focus more on financial assets that can be reviewed, rebalanced, and withdrawn with flexibility.

» Evaluation of fixed deposits and bonds

As an NRI, you enjoy tax-free interest on certain deposits, which is a good advantage. However, keeping too much in FDs can reduce your overall portfolio return. FD interest rates often fail to beat long-term inflation, especially when the goal is large like Rs.10 crore.

You can gradually move part of your fixed deposits into growth-oriented investments. This can be done in a staggered way through a systematic transfer plan over the next few years.

The remaining portion of fixed income can continue as a safety cushion. That ensures that your family and loan commitments remain secure even during market fluctuations.

» Evaluation of mutual funds

Your mutual fund corpus of Rs.1.35 crore spread across all asset classes is a strong foundation. The presence of active management is a big advantage, as expert fund managers can make timely decisions based on market trends.

Actively managed mutual funds are better suited for your stage and goals. Index funds, though popular, have limitations. They merely copy the market and cannot respond to volatility or protect downside risk. Active funds can rebalance between sectors and stocks to capture better opportunities and avoid underperforming areas. This helps your money grow efficiently while maintaining risk control.

Regular mutual fund reviews every 6 to 12 months with your Certified Financial Planner can ensure that underperforming schemes are weeded out and allocation remains in tune with market conditions.

» Review of direct equity holdings

Your direct equity exposure of Rs.20 lakh adds a good growth layer but must be monitored closely. Individual stocks can be risky if not diversified enough.

You may keep only high-quality, stable companies with proven track record and leadership in their sectors. Avoid speculative or small-cap exposure beyond a small percentage.

Since you already have mutual funds that provide diversification, your direct shares should remain as a small, strategic portion. The aim should be to complement your mutual fund performance, not compete with it.

» Review of real estate exposure

You already own a house and an under-construction flat worth Rs.3 crore. This represents a high allocation to property. Real estate is an illiquid asset and may take time to generate returns or rental income.

Do not depend on property appreciation to meet your retirement goal. The focus should be on creating a financial portfolio that provides growth, liquidity, and passive income flexibility.

Ensure that the pending Rs.1 crore payment and Rs.50 lakh home loan are managed without disturbing your investment flow. Try to complete the property commitment before your retirement timeline, so that no major liabilities remain.

» Review of SIPs and systematic approach

You are already investing Rs.45,000 per month through SIP, which is excellent. SIPs provide discipline and help manage market volatility. Continue with this habit.

You may consider gradually increasing the SIP amount as your income grows. Even a 10–15% increase every year can make a large difference over seven years.

SIP ensures that your portfolio gets cost averaging benefit and stays invested in both high and low market phases. Active management will keep your funds aligned with performance trends.

» Planning for your son’s MBA

Your son’s MBA will likely be a large expense. It may require substantial outflow in the next 2–3 years. Plan this separately from your retirement corpus.

Keep aside a specific amount from your existing bank balance or part of your FDs for his education. That way, your long-term investments can remain undisturbed.

Avoid taking any education loan unless necessary, as you already have strong assets. However, if you do take a small one, it can provide tax benefits and maintain liquidity.

» Managing the home loan strategically

Your current home loan of Rs.50 lakh is manageable within your profile.
Continue paying it as per schedule, but do not rush to close it prematurely if your interest rate is moderate.

Instead, focus on completing the builder payments from your liquid reserves in a structured way. Avoid withdrawing heavily from your mutual funds to make these payments, as that could disturb your compounding growth.

Once construction is complete, if you plan to keep the flat for long-term rental or investment, ensure it gives decent yield compared to your cost. Otherwise, in future, you can evaluate if liquidating it makes sense to strengthen your financial portfolio.

» Assessing the path to Rs.10 crore corpus

You already have Rs.4.15 crore in financial assets.
Over seven years, you have a medium-term horizon where equity and balanced mutual funds can play a strong role.

Your current savings rate and investment habit show that your goal is achievable with consistent growth and controlled risk.
If your portfolio compounds efficiently and your SIPs continue, you can reach close to your Rs.10 crore mark comfortably.

The key factors will be:

Maintaining a good balance between fixed income and growth assets.

Avoiding overexposure to real estate.

Ensuring that no large idle balance remains uninvested.

Staying invested through market ups and downs.

» Liquidity and emergency fund planning

Your Rs.70 lakh bank balance gives you excellent liquidity. You can retain around 6–9 months of expenses and any immediate project commitments as cash.

The remaining can be deployed into short-duration debt funds or liquid strategies to earn slightly better returns without losing flexibility.

This ensures that your emergency fund stays accessible while still productive.

» Tax efficiency and repatriation planning

As an NRI, you have tax advantages on NRE deposits and specific bonds. Use these benefits smartly. However, when you invest in mutual funds, remember taxation applies differently.

For equity mutual funds, long-term capital gains above Rs.1.25 lakh are taxed at 12.5%.
Short-term gains are taxed at 20%.
Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.

You should aim for longer holding periods to benefit from lower tax on equity gains.
Your Certified Financial Planner can help align your repatriation strategy and tax compliance to your country of residence as well.

» Risk management and insurance

At your asset level, risk protection becomes equally important. Ensure you have proper health insurance that covers your family both in India and abroad.

If you have existing life insurance, review the coverage and tenure. You do not need heavy life cover once your son becomes independent and your liabilities reduce.

Review your property insurance too, especially for the under-construction flat after possession.

» Estate planning and family security

Since you have multiple assets in different categories, make sure you have a clear will in place.
Nomination details should be updated across all accounts, FDs, and mutual funds.

Share a simple written summary of your assets and liabilities with your spouse or trusted family member. This will ensure smooth transition and peace of mind in future.

» Regular review and rebalancing

Every year, review your portfolio with your Certified Financial Planner.
Assess your allocation between fixed income, equity, and cash.
Book profits partially when markets are high and reinvest during dips.
This disciplined rebalancing can add significant value over seven years.

Avoid reacting emotionally to short-term market moves.
Your current asset base is strong enough to absorb fluctuations, provided you stay consistent.

» Finally

You are already well on track towards your Rs.10 crore goal.
Your base portfolio is strong, diversified, and professionally managed.
Only small adjustments are needed to balance liquidity, growth, and safety.

Continue your SIPs, gradually shift some of your FDs to growth assets, manage the home loan carefully, and protect your education funding separately.
With these refinements, your financial journey over the next seven years will remain stable and focused.

Your discipline and early planning have built a solid foundation.
Keep reviewing annually, stay invested, and your Rs.10 crore target can become a comfortable reality.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10872 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 06, 2025Hindi
Money
Dear Sir/Ma'am, I need some guidance and advice for continuing my mutual fund investments. I am a 36 year old male, married, no kids yet and no debts/liabilities as such. I have couple of savings in PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and long term investing in direct stocks. I recently started below mentioned SIPs for long term to grow wealth. Request you to review the same and let me know if I should continue with the SIPs or need to rationalize. Kindly also advice on how to invest a lumpsum amount of around 6lacs. invesco small cap 2000 motilal oswal midcap 2700 parag parikh flexicap 3000 HDFC flexicap 3100 ICICI prudential largecap 3100 HDFC large and midcap 3100 HDFC gold etf FOF 2000 ICICI Pru equity and debt fund 3000 HDFC balanced advantage fund 3000 nippon india silver etf FOF 2000
Ans: You already built a solid foundation. Many investors delay planning. But you started early at 36. That gives you a strong advantage. You have no liabilities. You have long term thinking. You also have diversified savings like PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and direct stocks. That shows clarity and discipline. This approach builds wealth with less stress over time.

You also started systematic investments in equity funds. That is a positive step. Your selection covers multiple categories like large cap, mid cap, small cap, flexi cap, hybrid and precious metals. So the intent is right. You are trying to create a broad portfolio. That gives balance.

» Your Portfolio Composition Understanding
Your current SIP list includes:

Small cap

Mid cap

Flexi cap

Large cap

Large and mid cap

Hybrid category

Gold and Silver FoF

Equity and Debt allocation fund

Dynamic hybrid fund

This shows you are trying to cover many segments. But too many categories can create overlap. When there is overlap, you get confusion during review. It also makes portfolio discipline difficult. You may think you are diversified. But the holdings inside may repeat. That reduces efficiency.

Your portfolio now looks like:

Equity dominant

Hybrid for stability

Metals for hedge

So the broad direction is fine. But simplifying helps in long-term habit building.

» Fund Category Duplication
You hold:

Two flexi cap funds

One large and mid cap fund

One pure large cap fund

One mid cap fund

One small cap fund

Flexi cap funds already invest across large, mid, small. Then large and mid also overlaps. So the large cap exposure gets repeated. That may not add extra benefit. But it increases monitoring complexity.

So I suggest rationalising. Keep one fund per category in core. Keep satellite space for only high conviction.

» Core and Satellite Strategy
A structured portfolio follows core and satellite method.

Core portfolio should be:

Simple

Long term

Stable

Satellite portfolio can be:

High growth

Concentrated

Based on your thinking level, you can structure like this:

Core funds:

One large cap

One flexi cap

One hybrid equity and debt fund

One balanced advantage type fund

Satellite funds:

One mid cap

One small cap

One metal allocation if needed

This division gives clarity. You can continue SIPs with review every year. No need to stop and restart often. That reduces behavioural mistakes.

» Your Current SIP List Review with Suggested Streamlining

You can consider continuing:

One flexi cap

One large cap

One mid cap

One small cap

One balanced advantage

One equity and debt hybrid

You may reconsider keeping both flexi caps and both gold silver funds. One of each category is enough. Because too many funds do not increase returns. It complicates tracking.

Precious metal funds should not be more than 5 to 7 percent in your portfolio. This is because metals are hedge assets. They do not create compounding like equity. They act as protection during cycles. So keep them small.

» How to Use the Rs 6 Lakh Lump Sum
You asked about lump sum investing. This is important. Lump sum should not go fully into equity at one time. Markets move in cycles. So use a staggered method. You can invest the lump sum through STP (Systematic Transfer Plan). You can keep the amount in a liquid fund and set STP toward your chosen growth funds over 6 to 12 months.

This reduces timing risk. It also creates discipline. So your Rs 6 lakh can be deployed gradually. You may use 50% towards core equity funds and 30% toward satellite growth category. The remaining 20% can go into hybrid category. This gives balance and comfort.

» Regular Funds Over Direct Funds
One important point many investors miss. Direct funds look cheaper. But they demand deep knowledge, discipline, and behaviour control. Most investors lose more through emotional selling and wrong timing than they save on expense ratio.

With regular funds through a Mutual Fund Distributor with Certified Financial Planner qualification, you get guidance, structure and correction. The advisory discipline protects you during market extremes. That is more valuable than a small saving in expense ratio.

A personalised planner also tracks portfolio drift, rebalancing need and category shifts. So regular fund investing gives long-term benefit and behaviour coaching.

» Actively Managed Funds over Index or ETF
Some investors choose index funds or ETF thinking they are simple and cheap. But they ignore drawbacks.

Index funds or ETF will not avoid weak companies in the index. They will invest whether the company grows or struggles. There is no fund manager decision making. So when markets are at peak, index funds continue aggressive exposure. In downturns also they fall fully. There is no cushion.

Actively managed funds work with research teams. They can avoid bad sectors. They can shift allocation based on market and economy. Over long term, this gives better alpha and stability. So continuing with actively managed funds creates better wealth compounding.

» SIP Continuation Strategy
Once the rationalisation is done, continue SIPs every month without interruption. Pause and restart behaviour damages compounding power. SIP works best when you go through all market cycles. You benefit more during corrections because cost averaging works.

So continue SIP amount. You can also review SIP increase every year based on income. Increasing SIP by 10 to 15 percent every year helps you reach large corpus faster.

» Asset Allocation Based Approach
One key point in wealth creation is having the right asset mix. Equity gives growth. Hybrid gives balance. Metals give hedge. Debt gives safety. Your asset allocation should stay aligned to your risk profile and time horizon.

Since you are young and have long term horizon, higher equity allocation is fine. But as time moves, rebalancing is important. Rebalancing protects gains and restores allocation.

So review your asset allocation every year or during major life events like child birth, home buying or retirement planning.

» Behaviour Management
Many portfolios fail not due to bad funds. They fail due to bad decisions. Selling during correction. Stopping SIP when market falls. Chasing past return performance. These mistakes reduce wealth.

Your discipline so far is good. Continue to stay patient during volatility. Equity rewards patience and time.

» Financial Goals Clarity
Since you have no children now, you can decide your long-term goals. Typical goals may include:

Retirement

Future child education

Dream lifestyle purchase

Health care reserves

When goals are clear, investment purpose becomes stronger. So you can map each fund category to goal horizon. Short-term goals should not use equity. Long-term goals should use equity with hybrid support.

» Role of Review and Monitoring
Review once in a year is enough. Frequent review can create anxiety. Annual review helps check:

Fund performance

Expense drift

Category relevance

Allocation balance

Then adjust only if needed. This progress helps you stay confident and aligned.

» Taxation Awareness
Equity mutual funds taxation rules are:

Short term (below one year holding) taxable at 20 percent

Long term (above one year holding) gains above Rs 1.25 lakh taxable at 12.5 percent

Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.

So always hold equity funds for long term. That reduces tax impact and gives better growth.

» SIP Increase Plan
You can create a simple plan to increase SIP over time. For example:

Increase SIP at every salary increment

Increase SIP during bonus time

Use rewards or extra income for investing

This habit accelerates wealth. So by the time you reach 45 to 50 years, your investments could reach a strong level.

» Insurance and Protection
Before investing large, ensure you have term insurance and health insurance. If not already done, it is important. Insurance protects wealth. Without insurance, even a small medical event can impact investment plan. So review this part also. Since you are married, cover both.

» Wealth Behaviour Mindset
You are already disciplined. Just keep these simple principles:

Invest without stopping

Review once a year

Avoid funds overlap

Follow asset allocation

Avoid reacting to media noise

This helps you reach long term milestones.

» Finally
You are on the right track. Only fine tuning and simplification is needed. Your discipline is visible. Your portfolio will grow well with structure, patience and periodic review. Use the Rs 6 lakh with STP approach. And continue SIP with rationalised categories.

With time and consistency, wealth creation becomes effortless and peaceful. You just need to stay committed and avoid overthinking during market movements.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

Dr Dipankar

Dr Dipankar Dutta  |1837 Answers  |Ask -

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 05, 2025

Career
Dear Sir, I did my BTech from a normal engineering college not very famous. The teaching was not great and hence i did not study well. I tried my best to learn coding including all the technologies like html,css,javascript,react js,dba,php because i wanted to be a web developer But nothing seem to enter my head except html and css. I don't understand a language which has more complexities. Is it because of my lack of experience or not devoting enough time. I am not sure. I did many courses online and tried to do diplomas also abroad which i passed somehow. I recently joined android development course because i like apps but the teaching was so fast that i could not memorize anything. There was no time to even take notes down. During the course i did assignments and understood the code because i have to pass but after the course is over i tend to forget everything. I attempted a lot of interviews. Some of them i even got but could not perform well so they let me go. Now due to the AI booming and job markets in a bad shape i am re-thinking whether to keep studying or whether its just time waste. Since 3 years i am doing labour type of jobs which does not yield anything to me for survival and to pay my expenses. I have the quest to learn everything but as soon as i sit in front of the computer i listen to music or read something else. What should i do to stay more focused? What should i do to make myself believe confident. Is there still scope of IT in todays world? Kindly advise.
Ans: Your story does not show failure.
It shows persistence, effort, and desire to improve.

Most people give up.
You didn’t.
That means you will succeed — but with the right method, not the old one.

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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