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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 08, 2025

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Sudhanshu Question by Sudhanshu on Jul 08, 2025Hindi
Money

am 45 yrs old. 1.5 lac my take home salary( including annual bonus).18k from rent. Mother's pension+interest earned on her FD's 15k pm.3 houses of Rs 60L,75L and 30L. 1 Plot 30 Lac. FD 32 Lac, shares 2.15 lac. Sip 25k, ppf 19.5 lac, pf 20.7 lac, nps 9.7 lac current value, gold bonds 8 lac current value. One Home loan 19.8 lac left (I pay 15k extra in each emi so only 4 yrs left hence will finish my 20 yrs home loan within 10 yrs itself. Car loan 7 lac left for 5 yrs. Gold jewellery worth 30 lac. Am I going fine in my savings? We are a simple traditional family and believe on savings investments. Expenses 48k home loan emi. Car 13600 emi School fees 21k pm total for 2 kids. house hold expenses 15k pm Other expenses 10-12k pm As my calculation I save around 40-45k pm. Will 43 cr be enough for me after retirement as me and my wife plan to lead a simple cosy life. Can I retire at 57-58 yrs of age.

Ans: It’s great to see your savings mindset and disciplined investment habit. You have a strong asset base and clear goals. Let us assess your situation critically and provide a well-rounded strategy.

Evaluating Your Current Wealth Position

Age: 45 years

Take?home salary: Rs.1.5 lakh per month (including bonus)

Rental income: Rs.18,000 per month

Mother’s pension + FD interest: Rs.15,000 per month

Total monthly inflows: Rs.1.83 lakh

Your assured cash flows are strong. You also have assets across various categories:

Residential properties: Rs.60L, Rs.75L, Rs.30L

Plot: Rs.30L

FD holding: Rs.32L

Shares: Rs.2.15L

Mutual Fund SIP: Rs.25k per month

PPF balance: Rs.19.5L

PF: Rs.20.7L

NPS: Rs.9.7L

Sovereign Gold Bonds: Rs.8L

Gold jewellery: Rs.30L

Your known liabilities:

Home loan: Rs.19.8L remaining, 10 years tenure left

Car loan: Rs.7L remaining, 5 years tenure

Monthly obligations:

Home EMI: Rs.48k

Car EMI: Rs.13,600

Children’s school fees: Rs.21k

Household expenses: Rs.15k

Other expenses: Rs.10–12k

Est. monthly savings: Rs.40–45k

Your query: is this progress good? Will Rs.4.3 crore at retirement suffice? Can you retire at 57–58 years? Let’s assess.

Income Sustainability in the Near Term

Your current monthly inflows (excluding salary) total Rs.33,000. This is helpful but modest.
Your salary is major source. Continue managing both active and passive inflows carefully.

Debt Situation

Home loan at Rs.19.8L: you pay Rs.15k extra EMI. That shortens tenure and lowers interest.

Car loan Rs.7L will finish in 5 years. Good.

Better to accelerate home loan repayment using surplus cash.
No need for new debt. The aim is to be debt?free before retirement.

Expense Analysis & Savings Health

Total monthly expenses (fixed + variable): around Rs.1.17 lakh.
With monthly net inflows at Rs.1.83 lakh, you save Rs.66,000. This matches your statement of ~40–45k saving after expenses.

Your current saving rate (~36%) is strong for your age.
It’s good you maintain a prudent expense ratio of roughly 36%.

Assessing Retirement Corpus Need

You target retirement at 57–58 years—12–13 years from now.
You estimate needing Rs.4.3 crore corpus at retirement. Let us examine adequacy.

Typical assumptions:

Post-retirement annual expense: Rs.15 lakh (approx Rs.1.25 lakh monthly)

Life after 58 years may span 30 years (till age 88)

To generate inflation-adjusted Rs.15 lakh annually, corpus of Rs.4–5 crore seems reasonable, assuming moderate withdrawal and portfolio returns.

Hence, your Rs.4.3 crore goal appears aligned with a simple conservative model.

Projecting Your Corpus Accumulation

You currently hold:

Real estate: Rs.1.95 crore

Financial assets (FD, PPF, PF, NPS, SGB, shares): total approx Rs.1.12 crore

Ongoing SIPs: Rs.25k/month

Over the next 13 years:

Your PF, PPF, NPS will grow via contributions and interest

SIP contributions will compound

Debt obligations will reduce

With disciplined investing and no major lifestyle inflation, you are on track to build Rs.4–5 crore corpus.

But, a focused strategy is needed. Let us outline it.

Strategy to Optimize Current Assets

Keep your property. It gives rental of Rs.18k per month.

Do not convert property into pension-income real estate. It takes effort.

Maintain FD of Rs.32L as liquid reserve.

Keep NPS, PF, PPF as part of retirement mix. All are tax-efficient vehicles.

Shares: continue small equity exposure via SIP to benefit from long-term growth.

Sovereign Gold Bonds and jewellery: maintain 5–8% of portfolio weight.

Debt Reduction Plan

Home loan: pay extra Rs.15k EMI. This reduces total interest materially.

Aim to close home loan before age 55 if possible.

Car loan will end in 5 years. Then redirect Rs.13.6k towards investments or loan prepayment.

Eliminate debt before retirement to reduce financial burden and increase monthly surplus.

SIP Planning & Asset Allocation

Current SIP of Rs.25k/month is good. But you can increase selectively.

After home and car loan finish, redirect that EMI into SIP.

Increase SIP by at least Rs.25–30k per month over the next 5–7 years.

Maintain an asset allocation ratio: 60% debt/fixed income, 30% equity, 10% gold.

Do not invest in index funds—they lack active risk management.

Do not use direct funds—they lack guidance, professional review, and rebalancing.

Use actively managed equity and hybrid funds, via regular plans under Certified Financial Planner’s guidance, to ensure disciplined growth and periodic portfolio reviews.

Emergency & Contingency Planning

You need liquid funds for emergencies or medical events.

Maintain 6–12 months of expenses (Rs.7–8 lakh) in liquid fund or sweep-in FD.

Keep a separate buffer for your mother if needed.

Consider health cover for yourself and family, as medical costs rise at older age.

Children’s Educational Planning

Your children’s school fees are Rs.21k per month total.
Your current savings and income can support their schooling until graduation.
But consider:

Future educational goals (professional courses, abroad, etc.)

Build goal-based corpus via separate SIPs for higher education.

Rebalance once fees are stable or decrease after college is over.

Tax Efficiency and Investment Mix

House rent helps reduce taxable income partly via standard deduction.

PPF and PF contributions are tax-efficient.

NPS contributions get 80CCD benefits, and tier 1 withdrawal gets favourable tax treatment.

FD interest and rental income are fully taxable; manage via slab planning.

As per new MF tax rules:

Equity mutual fund LTCG above Rs.1.25 lakh taxed at 12.5%

STCG at 20%

Debt mutual fund gains taxed as per income slab

Plan mutual fund withdrawals via SIP SWP or goal-based exits to optimise tax.

Retirement Income Generation Strategy

Goal: retire at 57–58 years, staying financially comfortable.

Post?retirement: You will rely on:

Rental income

Systematic Withdrawal from mutual fund corpus

Interest from PF, PPF, NPS, FD

Pension (if any under NPS Tier 2)

To ensure monthly income of Rs.1.25 lakh:

Rental + pensions + interest together should cover Rs.60k

SWP from mutual funds to cover remaining Rs.65k

With Rs.4–5 crore corpus, safe withdrawal rate of ~6% yields Rs.25–30k per month depending on returns

Add to interest and rent, it totals required amount

Adjust based on actual return trajectories and inflation.

Portfolio Rebalancing Over Time

As you near age 55–58:

Gradually reduce equity exposure while increasing debt allocation

Shift part of accumulated equity portfolio to hybrid or debt instruments

Keep monthly SWP going post-retirement

Maintain flexibility and avoid rigid options like annuities

Lifestyle, Inflation and Expense Management

Projected inflation of 6–7% annually means cost of living in future doubles every 10–12 years.
If today you spend Rs.1.17 lakh, at 58 years it could be Rs.4–5 lakh.
Your corpus needs to cover this indexed expense for 30+ years.

Simple cosy lifestyle may still escalate due to medical and travel ambitions.
Keep reviewing lifestyle plans every 5 years.

Contingency for Medical, Long?Term Care and Caregiving

In later years, medical expenses can be high.
Need to plan for long?term care or assisted living.

Consider personal health cover for family.

Keep liquidity for unexpected medical events.

Build critical illness top?up plan if not already.

Plan will/estate, with instructions for elder care.

Estate Planning and Succession Readiness

By age 55, ensure legal and succession matters are in order:

Draft or update your will

Nominate family members in all investment and bank accounts

Keep property documents accessible

Discuss financial plan with spouse and children

Ensure they understand how to access accounts and investments

This gives peace of mind and clarity for family.

Review Plan Annually with Certified Financial Planner

An annual review helps to:

Track progress on home loan repayment

Measure corpus accumulation vs target

Rebalance allocation to match age and goals

Adjust for change in expenses or incomes

Refine retirement age goal based on updated data

Consistent monitoring ensures you stay on track.

Risks to Watch Out For

Medical emergencies or sudden lifestyle changes

Market corrections impacting SIP returns

Asset illiquidity, especially property

Inflation eroding monthly spending power

Underestimating future tax or rule changes

Proper planning helps mitigate these risks.

Final Insights

You are saving well and building wealth steadily

Your target corpus of Rs.4.3 crore seems realistic

Debt is under control and will be cleared before retirement

Continue active investing via SIPs, increasing gradually

Avoid passive index or direct funds; choose active funds via CFP?supported regular plans

Balance portfolio across equity, debt, gold for stability

Plan health cover, estate documentation, and will in place

Review annually to stay aligned with your goal

Rs.4.3 crore at retirement, aligned with rental, pension, and SWP, can sustain your desired post-retirement lifestyle

Your disciplined savings and investments provide a solid foundation.
Retirement at 57–58 is achievable with proper execution.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP
Chief Financial Planner
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 18, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - May 18, 2024Hindi
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Hi.. I am 47 years old. Combined cash savings with spouse is 3 crores. I have 2 flats worth 1.4 crores both. I earn net 4 lakhs per month. We don’t have kids. Am I doing poorly in terms of retirement planning?
Ans: Evaluating Your Financial Position
You have done well saving ?3 crores and owning property worth ?1.4 crores. Your net monthly income of ?4 lakhs is commendable. This shows disciplined saving and good financial habits.

Assessing Retirement Preparedness
Let us delve into your retirement planning. At 47, you have approximately 13-18 years until retirement. Without children, your expenses in retirement might be lower than a family with dependents. However, considering healthcare and lifestyle needs is crucial.

Understanding Investment Strategy
You should diversify investments beyond savings and property. Relying heavily on real estate can be risky. Explore other asset classes like equities and fixed income. Equities provide growth potential, while fixed income ensures stability.

Actively Managed Funds vs. Index Funds
While index funds have low fees, they mirror the market and lack flexibility. Actively managed funds, on the other hand, adapt to market conditions and seek better returns. A Certified Financial Planner can help choose funds that match your goals and risk tolerance.

Direct Funds vs. Regular Funds
Direct funds may seem attractive due to lower costs. However, regular funds through a CFP offer professional guidance, performance monitoring, and rebalancing. This expertise often outweighs the cost difference, ensuring your investments align with your financial plan.

Creating a Comprehensive Plan
To ensure a comfortable retirement, a comprehensive financial plan is essential. This should include a mix of growth and income-generating investments. Consider the impact of inflation and ensure your savings grow in real terms.

Importance of Insurance
Ensure you have adequate health insurance to cover medical expenses. Life insurance is less critical without dependents, but a health policy is non-negotiable. It protects your savings from unexpected healthcare costs.

Estate Planning
Even without children, estate planning is important. Decide how you want your assets distributed and make a will. This ensures your wishes are followed and reduces legal complications for your spouse.

Regular Financial Review
Regularly review your financial plan. Markets change, and so do personal circumstances. Regular reviews ensure your plan remains relevant and aligned with your goals.

Final Thoughts
You have a solid foundation with your savings and property. With a structured financial plan, diversified investments, and regular reviews, you can secure a comfortable retirement. Your disciplined approach so far is commendable, and with minor adjustments, you can further enhance your financial security.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 30, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - May 30, 2024Hindi
Money
My age is 49 and has a monthly salary of INR 291000 and expect yearly hike of 5%. Want to retire by 55 years. Has Current loan of 60K and Current savings monthly are 50K SIP, 20K life insurance, 62K PF my contribution, 25K PPF(mine and wifes), Currnet asseats are own house, 35lacs in PF, 25lacs in SIP and 40lacs in FD. I have one daughter 9 yrears. How much corpus should be enough at retirement and is this savings good enough to achieve that.
Ans: Understanding Your Retirement Goals
Retirement planning is crucial to ensure a comfortable and stress-free life after you stop working. You aim to retire at 55 years, which gives you six more years to build your retirement corpus. Your current salary is Rs 2,91,000 per month, with an expected annual increment of 5%. Your monthly savings include Rs 50,000 in SIPs, Rs 20,000 in life insurance, Rs 62,000 in PF contributions, and Rs 25,000 in PPF contributions. Your current assets include a house, Rs 35 lakhs in PF, Rs 25 lakhs in SIPs, and Rs 40 lakhs in FDs. Additionally, you have a loan of Rs 60,000. Understanding these details helps in assessing if your savings are adequate for your retirement goals.

Evaluating Current Savings and Investments
Your disciplined approach to saving and investing is commendable. Consistent contributions to SIPs, PF, and PPF are effective ways to build a retirement corpus. Additionally, your current assets are well-diversified across various instruments, which is prudent. However, it is important to assess whether these savings and investments are sufficient to meet your retirement needs.

Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs)
SIPs are a popular choice for many investors due to their potential for high returns over the long term. They offer the benefit of rupee cost averaging and compounding. Actively managed funds, compared to index funds, can potentially provide better returns because they are managed by professionals who actively select stocks. However, it's essential to review the performance of these funds regularly and ensure they align with your risk tolerance and financial goals.

Provident Fund (PF) and Public Provident Fund (PPF)
Your contributions to PF and PPF are great for ensuring a stable, risk-free portion of your retirement corpus. PF offers a stable return with tax benefits, which is an excellent way to secure a part of your retirement income. PPF, with its tax-free interest and principal, is another safe investment that complements your riskier investments like SIPs.

Addressing the Loan
It is good to note that your current loan is Rs 60,000, which is relatively small compared to your overall financial picture. Paying off this loan should be a priority, as being debt-free at retirement is ideal. The sooner you clear this loan, the better your financial health will be.

Retirement Corpus Calculation
To determine how much corpus you will need at retirement, several factors need to be considered:

Expected Monthly Expenses: Estimate your monthly expenses post-retirement, considering inflation.

Life Expectancy: Plan for at least 30 years post-retirement.

Inflation Rate: Assume an average inflation rate of 6-7% annually.

Current Savings and Future Contributions: Calculate the future value of your current savings and ongoing contributions.

Estimating Monthly Expenses
Your monthly expenses in retirement may differ from your current expenses. Some costs may reduce, like work-related expenses, while healthcare and leisure costs might increase. It is vital to have a clear understanding of your expected monthly expenses. Let's assume your current monthly expenses are Rs 1,20,000. Considering inflation, these expenses will increase by the time you retire.

Inflation and Life Expectancy
Inflation significantly impacts retirement planning. Assuming an average inflation rate of 6-7%, your expenses will grow over time. Additionally, planning for a longer life expectancy ensures you do not outlive your savings. For example, if you retire at 55 and plan for 30 years, your corpus should support you until 85.

Future Value of Current Savings
Let's project the future value of your current savings and ongoing contributions. This projection helps in understanding if your current strategy will meet your retirement goals.

Evaluating the Sufficiency of Your Savings
Given your disciplined savings approach, you are on a strong path. However, ensuring these savings are enough requires careful planning. Regularly reviewing your investment portfolio and adjusting as necessary will keep you on track.

Benefits of Actively Managed Funds
Actively managed funds have the potential to outperform index funds, as fund managers make strategic decisions based on market conditions. This active management can lead to higher returns, although it often comes with higher fees. Nonetheless, the potential for greater returns can justify the cost, making actively managed funds a compelling option for growth-oriented investors like yourself.

Disadvantages of Direct Funds
Direct funds require a hands-on approach and deep market knowledge. Investing directly means you are responsible for all decisions, which can be risky if you are not well-versed in market dynamics. Regular funds, managed by Certified Financial Planners, offer professional expertise and monitoring, which can lead to better risk management and potentially higher returns. This professional guidance is invaluable, especially as you approach retirement and seek to secure your financial future.

Prioritizing Education for Your Daughter
Your nine-year-old daughter’s education is another critical goal. Education costs are rising, and planning for her future expenses is essential. Setting aside dedicated savings for her education, such as a child education plan, ensures that you are prepared for these costs without compromising your retirement corpus.

Importance of Insurance
Your current life insurance policy is a good step towards securing your family's financial future. Adequate insurance coverage is crucial to protect against unforeseen circumstances. Evaluating whether your current insurance is sufficient or if additional coverage is needed is advisable.

Conclusion
Your current savings and investment strategy reflect a strong commitment to financial planning. By continuing to save diligently and reviewing your investment portfolio regularly, you can build a robust retirement corpus. Paying off your loan and ensuring adequate insurance coverage further strengthens your financial position. Planning for your daughter's education and considering the benefits of actively managed funds over direct investments are also crucial steps.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Aug 02, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jul 08, 2025Hindi
Money
I am 45 yrs old. 1.5 lac my take home salary( including annual bonus).18k from rent. Mother's pension+interest earned on her FD's 15k pm.3 houses of Rs 60L,75L and 30L. 1 Plot 30 Lac. FD 32 Lac, shares 2.15 lac. Sip 25k, ppf 19.5 lac, pf 20.7 lac, nps 9.7 lac current value, gold bonds 8 lac current value. One Home loan 19.8 lac left (I pay 15k extra in each emi so only 4 yrs left hence will finish my 20 yrs home loan within 10 yrs itself. Car loan 7 lac left for 5 yrs. Gold jewellery worth 30 lac. Am I going fine in my savings? We are a simple traditional family and believe on savings investments. Expenses 48k home loan emi. Car 13600 emi School fees 21k pm total for 2 kids. house hold expenses 15k pm Other expenses 10-12k pm As my calculation I save around 40-45k pm. Will 43 cr be enough for me after retirement as me and my wife plan to lead a simple cosy life. Can I retire at 57-58 yrs of age.
Ans: You are doing extremely well.
Your savings habits are strong.
Your lifestyle is grounded and simple.
You are clearly thinking ahead.
That mindset itself sets the base for long-term success.
You already built multiple assets.
You are repaying loans quickly and saving consistently.
Let’s evaluate your full picture to assess retirement readiness and future security.

» Income and Cash Inflow Summary

– Take-home salary is Rs.1.5 lakhs monthly (including bonus).
– Rental income is Rs.18000 monthly.
– Your mother contributes Rs.15000 from pension and FD interest.
– That brings total monthly inflow to Rs.1.83 lakhs.

This is a stable income mix.
Salary, rent, and family support bring good cash flow.

» Monthly Expense Overview

– Home loan EMI is Rs.48000.
– Car loan EMI is Rs.13600.
– School fees are Rs.21000 monthly.
– Household expenses are Rs.15000 per month.
– Other regular expenses are Rs.10000 to Rs.12000.

Total outflow comes to around Rs.1.08 to Rs.1.10 lakhs.
You are saving around Rs.40000 to Rs.45000 monthly.
This is a decent saving ratio after accounting for EMIs and lifestyle.

Once loans end, your saving capacity will increase sharply.

» Asset Holdings and Investment Portfolio

Your current assets are well spread:

– 3 houses (Rs.60L, Rs.75L, Rs.30L)
– 1 plot (Rs.30L)
– Fixed deposits worth Rs.32L
– Shares worth Rs.2.15L
– SIPs of Rs.25000 monthly
– PPF corpus Rs.19.5L
– PF balance Rs.20.7L
– NPS corpus Rs.9.7L
– Sovereign Gold Bonds worth Rs.8L
– Gold jewellery worth Rs.30L

This is a rich and diversified portfolio.
But a good part of it is in physical and real estate assets.
These are not very liquid.
They won’t help you easily during retirement if cash is needed.

More exposure to mutual funds and financial assets is required.

» Loan Commitments and Repayment Strategy

– Home loan outstanding is Rs.19.8L.
– You are paying Rs.15000 extra EMI to finish early.
– This is excellent discipline.
– You will finish a 20-year loan in just 10 years.
– Car loan of Rs.7L has 5 years left.

Loan repayment strategy is solid.
Try to close car loan early if possible.
This will increase savings and reduce interest burden.

Once home loan closes, your monthly saving potential jumps significantly.

» Retirement Planning Target – Rs.43 Crores

– You aim to retire around 57-58 years.
– You desire a corpus of Rs.43 crores by retirement.
– You plan a simple, comfortable retired life.

This is a realistic goal.
But needs calculated asset allocation and investment discipline.

Based on current savings, a Rs.43 crore corpus is achievable.
But only if regular income-producing assets are built.
Real estate alone won’t help during retirement.

You must focus more on financial investments now.
Especially mutual funds and debt hybrids.

» SIP Strategy and Mutual Fund Exposure

– You are doing Rs.25000 SIP monthly.
– That’s around 17% of your income.
– This is a strong habit.
– However, increase SIPs when loans end.
– Try to take SIPs to Rs.40000-45000 per month by age 50.

This step alone will boost long-term corpus.
Mutual funds offer better post-tax and inflation-adjusted returns.

Avoid index funds or ETFs.
They are passively managed and don’t adjust to market movements.
They lack human research and decision-making.

Actively managed funds through a Certified Financial Planner help better.
They guide sector rotation, fund selection, and risk management.
Don’t go for direct plans.
You lose behavioural support, tax guidance, and rebalancing help.

Stick to regular plans through MFD with CFP support.

» PPF, PF, and NPS Evaluation

– PPF corpus is Rs.19.5L
– PF is Rs.20.7L
– NPS is Rs.9.7L

Combined, this is around Rs.50L in retirement-focused assets.
That’s excellent.
Continue PPF till age 60.
It offers tax-free and safe returns.

Don’t withdraw PF unless urgent.
Let it compound till retirement.

NPS should be continued.
But keep it to around 10-15% of total retirement asset base.
Only 60% of NPS can be withdrawn at retirement.
The rest goes into annuity, which gives low returns and no flexibility.

So, avoid depending too much on NPS alone.

» Fixed Deposits and Cash Holdings

– You hold Rs.32L in FDs.
– FDs are low-risk but give low post-tax returns.
– Also not inflation-friendly.
– Don’t increase FD allocation further.
– Use part of FD to fund any lump sum mutual fund investment.
– Also use FD maturity to add to equity or hybrid mutual funds gradually.

Hold only 12-18 months of expenses in FD or liquid funds.
Rest should be in long-term wealth building assets.

» Gold and Sovereign Gold Bonds

– SGBs worth Rs.8L offer decent diversification.
– They give annual interest and maturity value in 8 years.
– Continue holding till maturity.
– No need to add more SGBs now.

Your gold jewellery is Rs.30L.
This is family asset and emotional reserve.
But don’t count this in retirement corpus.
Jewellery is not an income-generating asset.
Its liquidity and resale are difficult.

Focus retirement planning on liquid and growth assets.

» Real Estate Holdings

– 3 houses and 1 plot worth total Rs.1.95 crores
– Rental income is Rs.18000 monthly
– But real estate is not efficient for retirement

It is illiquid, has high maintenance, and gives low post-tax yield
You may consider selling one house post-retirement
That proceeds can be used to fund medical or family goals

Don’t count on all real estate for income
Prefer financial assets like mutual funds and SWPs for monthly cash flow

Also, don’t buy more property going forward
Focus on liquidity, not accumulation

» Children’s Education and Long-Term Responsibilities

– School fees of Rs.21000 monthly
– Plan for higher education corpus of Rs.25L–Rs.30L per child
– You have time to build this over next 7-10 years

Start a separate SIP only for education
This prevents touching retirement funds later

Don’t rely on property for education
Financial assets offer better flexibility

» Medical and Emergency Planning

– Ensure you have personal health insurance
– Don’t depend only on employer group plan
– Cover both self and spouse under family floater policy

Also, keep Rs.5L in a liquid fund as emergency corpus
Health cost inflation is rising rapidly
This buffer will protect your investment goals

» Action Plan to Reach Rs.43 Crore Corpus

Increase SIP from Rs.25000 to Rs.40000–45000 after loans close

Keep investing in PPF, NPS, and PF

Use FD maturity to invest in lump sum in balanced or equity mutual funds

Don’t invest further in gold or real estate

Sell unused real estate after retirement to unlock value

Create income flow via SWP from mutual funds post-retirement

Keep retirement portfolio mix of equity, hybrid, and debt funds

Plan tax-efficient withdrawals

Use MFD with CFP support to rebalance regularly

Don’t chase direct or passive funds

Stay consistent with yearly reviews

This approach will help reach or even exceed Rs.43 crore by age 58

» Finally

Your base is already strong
Your savings culture, family values, and discipline stand out
You are not just saving, but saving smartly
You are planning ahead for peace and simplicity

With a few more focused steps, your dream retirement is fully possible
Maintain discipline, review every year, and take help from a Certified Financial Planner

Don’t stop SIPs
Don’t over-rely on real estate
Don’t keep too much in FDs
Focus on financial investments that grow and pay you back

You are already on the right path
Your target of Rs.43 crore is realistic
You can definitely retire at 57–58 comfortably

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 08, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jul 08, 2025Hindi
Money
I am 45 yrs old and work in an MNC. 1.5 lac my take home salary( including annual bonus).18k from rent. Mother's pension 53k+interest she earns on her FD's 15k pm.3 houses of Rs 60L,75L and 30L. 1 Plot 30 Lac. FD 32 Lac, shares 2.15 lac. Sip 25k, ppf 19.5 lac, pf 20.7 lac, nps 9.7 lac current value, gold bonds 8 lac current value. One Home loan 19.8 lac left (I pay 15k extra in each emi so only 4 yrs left hence will finish my 20 yrs home loan within 10 yrs itself. Car loan 7 lac left for 5 yrs. Gold jewellery worth 30 lac. Am I going fine in my savings? We are a simple cohesive traditional family and believe on savings and investments. Expenses- 48k home loan emi. Car loan 13600 emi School fees 21k pm total for 2 kids. house hold expenses 15k pm Other expenses 10k pm. As per my calculation I save around 40k pm and my mother saves around 68k per month. Will 4 to3 cr be enough for me after retirement as me and my wife plan to lead a simple life during our 60's. And can I plan to retire at 57-58 yrs of age. we want buy another plot worth 8-10 lacs at an upcoming tourist place?Kindly guide on our current and future planning .
Ans: You are doing very well. Your savings are strong.
Your goals are clear and realistic.
Let’s go point by point and build a 360-degree plan.

Overall Income Summary
Take-home salary is Rs 1.5 lakh (including bonus).

Rs 18,000 rent adds passive income.

Your mother contributes Rs 68,000 monthly (pension + FD interest + savings).

This makes your household income base strong.

You are already saving Rs 40,000 monthly.
You are repaying loans aggressively.
That shows your financial discipline.

Expenses Are Controlled
Rs 48,000 EMI for home loan.

Rs 13,600 EMI for car loan.

Rs 21,000 for school fees.

Rs 15,000 household.

Rs 10,000 other expenses.

All major expenses are accounted for.
You still save Rs 40,000.
Your mother saves Rs 68,000.
That’s Rs 1.08 lakh saved monthly as a family.
This is a powerful saving engine.

Asset Summary Overview
You have built a diverse portfolio:

3 houses: Rs 60L, Rs 75L, Rs 30L

1 plot: Rs 30L

FD: Rs 32L

Shares: Rs 2.15L

SIP: Rs 25,000 per month

PPF: Rs 19.5L

PF: Rs 20.7L

NPS: Rs 9.7L

SGBs: Rs 8L

Gold jewellery: Rs 30L

This is a solid base.
You have blended fixed, equity, and gold.
You have real estate, but avoid adding more.
Real estate has low liquidity and higher maintenance.

Current Loans
Rs 19.8L home loan – 4 years left with extra EMI

Rs 7L car loan – 5 years left

You are paying Rs 15,000 extra EMI per month.
This will finish home loan in 10 years, instead of 20.
That is smart planning.

Action plan:

Don’t prepay further. Keep current prepayment rhythm.

Once home loan ends, divert EMI into SIP.

That will increase your mutual fund growth.

Mutual Fund Planning
You invest Rs 25,000 in SIPs monthly.
Very good contribution.

Make sure:

You are not investing in index funds.

Index funds copy market blindly.

They underperform in bear markets.

Actively managed mutual funds give expert guidance.

Use only regular funds, not direct.

Direct funds have no support from certified planners.

Regular funds give MFD/CFP advice, portfolio balancing.

Divide SIP in:

One large and mid-cap fund

One flexi-cap fund

One hybrid equity fund

One aggressive hybrid fund (for post-retirement cash flow)

Review funds every 12 months.
Don’t churn often.
Continue SIP till retirement without break.

Your PPF and PF Status
PPF Rs 19.5L

PF Rs 20.7L

These are long-term assets.
Don’t withdraw early.
Use for post-retirement stability.
Contribute maximum Rs 1.5L per year in PPF.
PPF gives guaranteed tax-free return.
Avoid using PPF for plot buying.

NPS – Future Pension Support
Rs 9.7L in NPS till now

Continue contributing

Make use of Sec 80CCD(1B) for extra Rs 50,000 benefit

NPS will give you monthly pension after 60.
But it will be limited.
You must build mutual fund corpus to support it.

FD and SGB – Safety and Stability
FD: Rs 32L

Interest adds to your mother’s income

Maintain Rs 20L in FD as safety

Don’t increase FD further

Extra money should go to mutual funds

SGBs worth Rs 8L are a good hedge
They give 2.5% interest + gold appreciation
Keep holding till maturity

But don’t increase gold beyond 10% of portfolio
Jewellery Rs 30L already covers that

Real Estate Holdings – Keep but Don’t Add
You already have:

3 houses worth Rs 165L total

1 plot worth Rs 30L

Plan to buy new plot for Rs 8–10L

Too much exposure to land and property is risky.
These are illiquid.
Rental return is low.
Upkeep cost is high.
Plot value depends on location and demand.

Avoid buying more plots.
Use that money to invest in mutual funds instead.
You will get better compounding.

Kids Education and Support
You are paying Rs 21,000 school fees for two kids.
Start a goal-based SIP for each child.

Open two mutual fund folios (one for each child)

Invest Rs 7,000 monthly per child for education

Use equity mutual funds – regular plans only

Don’t use ULIP or child plans from insurance

Education cost is rising fast.
You’ll need Rs 30–40L per child after 10–12 years
Start early. Grow with SIPs.

Retirement Planning – Target Corpus
You want to retire at 57 or 58.
You plan to live a simple life in your 60s.
You are thinking of Rs 3–4 crore retirement corpus.

Let us understand what you already have:

PPF + PF = Rs 40L

FD = Rs 32L

NPS = Rs 9.7L

SIP will grow into Rs 1.3–1.6 crore in 12 years

Rent from property can support you too

Your mother’s assets may come as legacy also

Yes, your target is realistic.
You can retire at 57–58.
But only if:

You stay invested

You don’t over-invest in land

You boost SIP after loan ends

You avoid early withdrawals

You structure income for post-retirement

Post-Retirement Monthly Cash Flow Plan
You will need:

Monthly living expense

Healthcare buffer

Travel and social activities

Post-retirement income will come from:

Rent from 1–2 properties

Interest from FD or bonds

SWP from mutual funds

NPS monthly pension

SGB interest income

Structure your post-60 income like this:

50% from mutual funds

25% from FD/bonds

15% from rent

10% from gold/SGBs

This mix gives stability, growth, and cash flow.

Insurance and Emergency Protection
You didn’t mention health or life cover.
Please ensure:

You have family floater health policy for all

Sum insured should be at least Rs 15–20 lakh

You have pure term insurance till age 60–65

No ULIP or return-of-premium term plans

If you have ULIP/return plan – surrender it

Reinvest in mutual funds – better growth

Emergency fund should be Rs 5–10L
Keep it in liquid mutual fund
FD is not ideal for sudden cash needs

Tax Efficiency Plan
You are under new tax regime
So no deductions are used
But still:

NPS up to Rs 50,000 is allowed

You can still save tax under Section 80CCD(1B)

Use it smartly to lower tax outgo

Also note:

Equity mutual fund LTCG above Rs 1.25L is taxed at 12.5%

STCG taxed at 20%

Debt funds taxed as per your slab

So, don’t redeem mutual funds frequently

Stay long-term invested

Final Insights
You are doing great with your money.
Savings are strong. Discipline is solid.
But now focus more on:

Mutual funds than real estate

Actively managed funds than index

Regular plans than direct funds

Retirement cash flow plan

Health and life protection

SIPs for children’s future

Your Rs 3–4 crore retirement goal is achievable.
But don’t buy the new tourist plot.
Use that Rs 10 lakh in mutual funds instead.
It will grow to Rs 25–30 lakh by retirement.

Keep reviewing your plan every 12 months.
Stay invested. Avoid panic. Keep life simple.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 15, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jul 15, 2025Hindi
Money
Hello Sir, I am 50 yrs. My take home salary 1.5 L pm. I have family with my wife , mother and daughter. Daughter is doing degree on stats. Planning to retire in 2 yrs. I have my own flat. No loan. I have 15L family health cover. I have investment in stocks around 1.5 cr. I have IDCW MF folio around 55 L which generates me 39K pm. I have other income like another 20k pm. I also have dividend income from stocks around 90k pa. I have a growth FUND around 4L. I have 17 L in EPF, 18 L fixed, 3 L in Savings. Currently, my family expense including my daughters study is around 60k pm. I can generate another 25k pm after I retire from the active job. Currently, every month, I have saving potential around 80 k. Could please check if I am on track.
Ans: . Your question clearly reflects the commitment you've shown over the years. Below is a comprehensive and professional review.

? Income and Expense Overview

– Your monthly income is Rs. 1.5L.
– Family includes spouse, mother, and daughter.
– Daughter is pursuing graduation, which adds education costs.
– Your total monthly expense is around Rs. 60,000.
– Current savings potential is Rs. 80,000 per month.
– You plan to retire in 2 years.

After retirement:
– Rs. 39,000 per month from mutual fund IDCW.
– Rs. 20,000 per month other income.
– Rs. 7,500 per month average dividend income.
– Rs. 25,000 per month post-retirement income from work or alternative activity.

These add up to around Rs. 91,500 monthly cash inflow after retirement.

? Current Assets and Investments

– Stocks: Rs. 1.5 crore.
– IDCW MF: Rs. 55 lakh.
– Growth MF: Rs. 4 lakh.
– EPF: Rs. 17 lakh.
– Fixed Deposit: Rs. 18 lakh.
– Savings: Rs. 3 lakh.
– Own house: No EMI or rent obligation.

Your total net investible corpus is approx. Rs. 2.47 crore excluding your home.

? Income Sufficiency in Retirement

– Your current expense is Rs. 60,000.
– Likely post-retirement expenses may be similar or slightly higher.
– Health inflation, lifestyle, and daughter’s further education must be considered.

Expected monthly post-retirement income of Rs. 91,500 looks adequate for current expenses.
But long-term inflation and health care must be prepared for.

? Strengths in Your Portfolio

– No loans at all.
– Own house – shields you from housing inflation.
– Balanced portfolio across mutual funds, stocks, and fixed income.
– Reasonable monthly income stream through IDCW and other sources.
– Sufficient emergency buffer in savings and fixed deposits.
– Rs. 15 lakh family health insurance – very sensible.
– Equity investments have helped build good corpus.

You have a financially sound foundation.

? Gaps and Improvements Needed

– IDCW mutual fund may not be tax efficient.
– Monthly IDCW is taxed at your slab rate.
– Growth funds are more tax-efficient due to capital gains benefits.
– Direct funds often look attractive with low TER.
– But they lack ongoing guidance and behavior coaching.
– Regular plans through a qualified MFD with CFP certification ensure tracking and review.

Avoid direct funds unless you can self-monitor and rebalance consistently.

? Equity Strategy Review

– Rs. 1.5 crore in stocks is a sizable exposure.
– After retirement, volatility risk increases due to no active salary.
– It is wise to book partial profit from equity.
– Move 20%–30% to hybrid or dynamic asset allocation funds.
– This will reduce sudden drawdown impact.

Retirement corpus should preserve capital first, then grow moderately.

? EPF and Fixed Deposit Usage

– EPF is a stable retirement component.
– Continue until actual retirement.
– Post-retirement, consider staggered withdrawal.
– Avoid full withdrawal at once.

FD is safe but yields low post-tax returns.
Interest is taxed as per your income slab.
So, don’t increase FD exposure further.

Instead, think of allocating to debt mutual funds (non-index) with better tax post-retirement.

? Income Generation – Future Scope

– You already earn Rs. 91,500 per month from multiple sources.
– Post-retirement, if Rs. 60K monthly expenses remain, you will be cash flow positive.
– However, factor in:

Daughter’s further education or marriage.

Unexpected medical emergencies.

Family travel or household upgrades.

So, you may need Rs. 75K–80K per month over the next 10–15 years.

That means your surplus cash flow will narrow.

Ensure your corpus keeps pace with inflation.

? Tax Efficiency and Mutual Fund Planning

– Mutual Fund IDCW payouts are fully taxable.
– Consider switching IDCW funds to growth plans gradually.
– This avoids reinvestment and tax inefficiency.
– LTCG over Rs. 1.25 lakh in a year is taxed at 12.5%.
– STCG is taxed at 20%.
– Equity mutual funds with growth option allow flexibility in withdrawal.

Avoid index funds.
They simply mirror indices and don’t offer active risk management.
Active funds are managed with sector rotation, rebalancing, and opportunity capture.

Especially in retirement, active management provides safety and control.

? Retirement Corpus – Is It Enough?

– Rs. 2.47 crore corpus (excluding home).
– Rs. 91.5K monthly cash flow.
– Rs. 60K expenses today.

On the surface, this looks manageable.
But factor 6%–7% inflation and 20–25 year life expectancy.

You need a portfolio that delivers 8% to 9% average post-tax returns.
Equity-debt balanced funds or hybrid aggressive funds can help achieve this.

Avoid bank FDs for long-term deployment.
They are suitable for short-term reserve or emergency parking only.

? Monthly Saving Utilisation (Rs. 80K for 2 more years)

– This adds Rs. 19.2 lakh in 24 months.
– Invest this in flexi-cap or hybrid mutual funds.
– Use regular plans with advice from a Certified Financial Planner.
– Avoid lump sum investing in equity. Use SIP mode.
– Step-up SIP if possible in the second year.

This will add buffer to your retirement pool.

? Health Insurance Adequacy

– Rs. 15 lakh family health cover is strong.
– Continue renewing this without lapse.
– Ensure it covers senior citizen (your mother).
– Also consider top-up or super top-up health plan of Rs. 20–25 lakh.
– This offers extended buffer with lower premiums.

Medical inflation is a major risk in retirement.

? Emergency Fund Preparedness

– Rs. 3 lakh in savings is okay.
– You can keep Rs. 4–5 lakh total in liquid form.
– Use ultra-short duration debt fund or sweep FD for better returns.
– Don’t park long-term funds in savings account.

Liquidity is important but return can’t be ignored.

? Family Planning – Daughter’s Future

– Higher education or marriage could need Rs. 20–30 lakh over 5–8 years.
– Create a separate mutual fund SIP for this.
– Use balanced advantage or flexi-cap fund.
– Don’t mix this goal with retirement corpus.

This gives clarity and control on both goals.

? Regular Plan vs. Direct Plan for Mutual Funds

– Direct plans have lower expense ratios.
– But they lack personalised advice, monitoring, and guidance.
– Many investors redeem or switch at the wrong time.
– Regular plans through an MFD with CFP input avoid emotional investing.
– Guidance during market correction is crucial post-retirement.

Behavioural mistakes in direct plans can erase all TER savings.

So, focus on holistic, advice-driven investing.

? What to Do with Your Stock Portfolio?

– Rs. 1.5 crore stock holding is large.
– Review quality, sector allocation, and liquidity.
– Move 30%–40% to large cap or hybrid mutual funds.
– This gives stability with professional oversight.
– Avoid keeping entire retirement at mercy of stock market volatility.

Balance growth with safety.

? Revisit Nomination and Will Planning

– Retirement is a good time to organise nominations.
– Ensure EPF, bank, MF, stocks have updated nominees.
– Create a registered Will.
– Discuss with your family openly.

Succession planning avoids confusion later.

? Regular Review and Goal Tracking

– Create a review cycle every 6 months.
– Track:

Portfolio returns

Inflation-adjusted income

Lifestyle expense drift

Tax outgo
– Engage with a Certified Financial Planner.
– Don’t pause tracking after retirement.

Post-retirement planning is not one-time. It is a journey.

? Finally

– You are on the right path to retirement.
– Just a few optimisations are needed.
– Restructure IDCW funds to growth.
– Allocate more to hybrid or active equity funds.
– Reduce FD exposure.
– Build a 3-bucket strategy: short, medium, long-term funds.
– Continue saving Rs. 80K monthly with proper planning.
– Plan daughter’s future needs separately.
– Avoid direct plans and index funds.
– Work with a Certified Financial Planner for goal-based investing.
– You have done well. Now fine-tune to secure your retirement life.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Nayagam P

Nayagam P P  |10854 Answers  |Ask -

Career Counsellor - Answered on Dec 14, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 12, 2025Hindi
Career
Hello, I am currently in Class 12 and preparing for JEE. I have not yet completed even 50% of the syllabus properly, but I aim to score around '110' marks. Could you suggest an effective strategy to achieve this? I know the target is relatively low, but I have category reservation, so it should be sufficient.
Ans: With category reservation (SC/ST/OBC), a score of 110 marks is absolutely achievable and realistic. Based on 2025 data, SC candidates qualified with approximately 60-65 percentile, and ST candidates with 45-55 percentile. Your target requires scoring just 37-40% marks, which is significantly lower than general category standards. This gives you a genuine advantage. Immediate Action Plan (December 2025 - January 2026): 4-5 Weeks. Week 1-2: High-Weightage Chapter Focus. Stop trying to complete the entire syllabus. Instead, focus exclusively on high-scoring chapters that carry maximum weightage: Physics (Modern Physics, Current Electricity, Work-Power-Energy, Rotation, Magnetism), Chemistry (Chemical Bonding, Thermodynamics, Coordination Compounds, Electrochemistry), and Maths (Integration, Differentiation, Vectors, 3D Geometry, Probability). These chapters alone can yield 80-100+ marks if practiced properly. Ignore topics you haven't studied yet. Week 2-3: Previous Year Questions (PYQs). Solve JEE Main PYQs from the last 10 years (2015-2025) for chapters you're studying. PYQs reveal question patterns and difficulty levels. Focus on understanding why answers are correct, not memorizing solutions. Week 3-4: Mock Tests & Error Analysis. Take 2-3 full-length mock tests weekly under timed conditions. This is crucial because mock tests build exam confidence, reveal time management weaknesses, and error analysis prevents repeated mistakes. Maintain an error notebook documenting every mistake—this becomes your revision guide. Week 4-5: Revision & Formula Consolidation. Create concise formula sheets for each subject. Spend 30 minutes daily reviewing formulas and key concepts. Avoid learning new topics entirely at this stage. Study Schedule (Daily): 7-8 Hours. Morning (5:00-7:30 AM): Physics concepts + 30 PYQs. Break (7:30-8:30 AM): Breakfast & rest. Mid-morning (8:30-11:00): Chemistry concepts + 20 PYQs. Lunch (11:00-1:00 PM): Full break. Afternoon (1:00-3:30 PM): Maths concepts + 30 PYQs. Evening (3:30-5:00 PM): Mock test or error review. Night (7:00-9:00 PM): Formula revision & weak area focus. Strategic Approach for 110 Marks: Attempt only confident questions and avoid negative marking by skipping difficult questions. Do easy questions first—in the exam, attempt all basic-level questions before attempting medium or hard ones. Focus on quality over quantity as 30 well-practiced questions beat 100 random questions. Master NCERT concepts as most JEE questions test NCERT concepts applied smartly. April 2026 Session Advantage. If January doesn't deliver desired results, April gives you a second chance with 3+ months to prepare. Use January as a practice attempt to identify weak areas, then focus intensively on those in February-March. Realistic Timeline: January 2026 target is 95-110 marks (achievable with focused 50% syllabus), while April 2026 target is 120-130 marks (with complete syllabus + experience). Your reservation benefit means you need only approximately 90-105 marks to qualify and secure admission to quality engineering colleges. Stop comparing yourself to general category cutoffs. Most Importantly: Consistency beats perfection. Study 6 focused hours daily rather than 12 distracted hours. Your 110-mark target is realistic—execute this plan with discipline. All the BEST for Your JEE 2026!

Follow RediffGURUS to Know More on 'Careers | Money | Health | Relationships'.

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Dr Dipankar

Dr Dipankar Dutta  |1840 Answers  |Ask -

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 13, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 12, 2025
Career
Dear Sir/Madam, I am currently a 1st year UG student studying engineering in Sairam Engineering College, But there the lack of exposure and strict academics feels so rigid and I don't like it that. It's like they don't gaf about skills but just wants us to memorize things and score a good CGPA, the only skill they want is you to memorize things and pass, there's even special class for students who don't perform well in academics and it is compulsory for them to attend or else the student and his/her parents needs to face authorities who lashes out. My question is when did engineering became something that requires good academics instead of actual learning and skill set. In sairam they provides us a coding platform in which we need to gain the required points for each semester which is ridiculous cuz most of the students here just look at the solution to code instead of actual debugging. I am passionate about engineering so I want to learn and experiment things instead of just memorizing, so I actually consider dropping out and I want to give jee a try and maybe viteee , srmjeee But i heard some people say SRM may provide exposure but not that good in placements. I may not be excellent at studies but my marks are decent. So gimme some insights about SRM and recommend me other colleges/universities which are good at exposure
Ans: First — your frustration is valid

What you are experiencing at Sairam is not engineering, it is rote-based credential production.

“When did engineering become memorizing instead of learning?”

Sadly, this shift happened decades ago in most Tier-3 private colleges in India.

About “coding platforms & points” – your observation is sharp

You are absolutely right:

Mandatory coding points → students copy solutions

Copying ≠ learning

Debugging & thinking are missing

This is pseudo-skill education — it looks modern but produces shallow engineers.

The fact that you noticed this in 1st year already puts you ahead of 80% students.

Should you DROP OUT and prepare for JEE / VITEEE / SRMJEEE?

Although VIT/SRM is better than Sairam Engineering College, but you may face the same problem. You will not face this type of problem only in some top IITs, but getting seat in those IITs will be difficult.
Instead of dropping immediately, consider:

???? Strategy:

Stay enrolled (degree security)

Reduce emotional investment in college rules

Use:

GitHub

Open-source projects

Hackathons

Internships (remote)

Hardware / software self-projects

This way:

College = formality

Learning = self-driven

Risk = minimal

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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