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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 16, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Asked by Anonymous - Jun 15, 2024Hindi
Money

I am 45 years old my monthly sip in different fund is about 30000 per month. How much money i can get after 5 year. Please advice me where to invest money in SIp for putchasing plot or flat.

Ans: Planning for Future Financial Goals with SIPs

At 45 years old, you have a clear vision for your future. Contributing Rs 30,000 monthly into different funds through Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) is a commendable strategy. Let's explore how much you could potentially accumulate in five years and provide insights on where to invest to meet your goal of purchasing a plot or flat. Your current SIP investment is a great start, but optimizing it can help achieve your dreams efficiently.

Evaluating Your Current SIP Investment

Investing Rs 30,000 per month through SIPs is a disciplined approach. SIPs offer the advantage of rupee cost averaging, reducing the impact of market volatility. Over five years, consistent contributions can grow substantially, depending on the market conditions and the performance of the funds you’ve chosen.

Estimating Future Corpus

While exact future values depend on market performance, SIPs generally yield annual returns between 10-15% in well-performing equity funds. Over five years, assuming moderate returns, your SIP contributions could grow significantly, potentially reaching a sizeable corpus. However, these estimates can vary, and it’s essential to review your investments periodically.

Benefits of Actively Managed Funds

Actively managed funds, guided by professional fund managers, aim to outperform the market. Unlike index funds that merely replicate the market, actively managed funds adapt to market conditions, seeking higher returns. This active management can enhance the growth of your SIP investments, making them more robust.

Disadvantages of Index Funds

Index funds passively track market indices and offer average returns. They lack flexibility to adapt to market changes. In volatile markets, they may not mitigate risks effectively. Actively managed funds, conversely, leverage expert insights to navigate market dynamics, potentially yielding better returns.

Advantages of Regular Funds through a Certified Financial Planner

Investing in regular funds through a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) provides professional guidance. Regular funds come with advisor support, helping you navigate complex investment landscapes. CFPs offer personalized strategies, aligning investments with your financial goals and risk tolerance, enhancing your investment experience and potential returns.

Importance of Diversification

Diversifying your SIP investments across various asset classes is crucial. Equity funds offer high growth potential, while debt funds provide stability. Diversifying reduces risk and ensures balanced growth. A well-diversified portfolio can better withstand market fluctuations and enhance overall returns.

Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) for Steady Growth

SIPs promote disciplined savings and steady growth. By investing a fixed amount monthly, you benefit from rupee cost averaging, reducing the impact of market volatility. SIPs are an effective way to build a substantial corpus over time, helping you achieve your goal of purchasing property.

Tax Efficiency in Investments

Tax-efficient investments enhance your returns by minimizing tax liabilities. Utilize tax-saving instruments like Equity-Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) and Public Provident Fund (PPF). Understanding the tax implications of different investments helps in optimizing your savings for future goals.

Reassessing Investment Strategies Periodically

Regularly reviewing and adjusting your SIP investments is essential. Financial markets and personal circumstances change, necessitating periodic reassessments. Stay informed about your investments and seek professional advice to make necessary adjustments, ensuring your investment plan remains on track.

Importance of Inflation-Protected Investments

Inflation erodes purchasing power, making it essential to invest in inflation-protected assets. Equities and equity mutual funds historically outpace inflation, ensuring your savings retain value. Consider inflation-indexed bonds and other assets that safeguard against rising costs, securing your future expenses.

Asset Allocation Strategy

An effective asset allocation strategy balances growth and risk. Allocate a portion of your portfolio to equities for growth and another to debt instruments for stability. As you approach your goal timeline, gradually shift to more conservative investments, preserving your capital while still generating returns.

Health Insurance and Contingency Planning

Healthcare costs can significantly impact your savings. Adequate health insurance coverage is essential to protect your investments. Additionally, creating an emergency fund ensures you have financial cushioning for unexpected expenses, preventing the depletion of your investment corpus.

Setting Realistic Expectations

Setting realistic expectations is vital for successful investment planning. Understand the potential returns and risks associated with different investments. A balanced approach, considering both growth and safety, ensures your investments meet your needs without undue risk.



Planning for major financial goals can be overwhelming. It’s natural to feel uncertain about the future. A comprehensive approach, empathetic guidance, and understanding your unique situation make the process smoother. Your financial goals are achievable with the right strategies and support.



You’ve made commendable progress with your SIP investments. Your disciplined approach to building your financial base is praiseworthy. With continued focus and strategic planning, you are well on your way to achieving your goal of purchasing a plot or flat.

Assessing Your Risk Tolerance

Understanding your risk tolerance is key to creating a suitable investment portfolio. Assess your comfort level with market fluctuations and potential losses. Align your investments with your risk profile, ensuring peace of mind while aiming for growth.

Seeking Continuous Learning

Stay informed about financial trends and investment options. Continuous learning empowers you to make informed decisions. Attend seminars, read financial literature, and consult with experts to enhance your financial knowledge.

Importance of Regular Monitoring

Regularly monitoring your investments ensures they remain aligned with your goals. Track performance, assess market conditions, and make adjustments as needed. Consistent oversight maximizes returns and minimizes risks.

Building a Solid Financial Foundation

A strong financial foundation includes adequate insurance coverage, an emergency fund, and debt management. Ensure you have sufficient life and health insurance. Maintain an emergency fund for unforeseen expenses, and manage debts to prevent financial strain.

Reinvesting Matured Investments

As your fixed deposits mature, consider reinvesting them in higher-yielding options. Evaluate current market conditions and investment opportunities. Strategic reinvestment enhances growth and aligns with your financial goals.

Aligning Investments with Life Stages

Investment strategies vary with life stages. Younger investors can take higher risks for growth, while those nearing major financial goals should focus on capital preservation. Tailor your investments to your current life stage for optimal results.

Utilizing Professional Tools and Resources

Leverage professional tools and resources for effective investment planning. Financial calculators, planning software, and expert consultations provide valuable insights. Utilize these resources to enhance your financial strategy.

Embracing a Long-Term Perspective

Adopt a long-term perspective for investment planning. Short-term market fluctuations should not deter your strategy. Focus on long-term goals and remain committed to your investment plan for sustained growth.

Final Insights

Achieving your goal of purchasing a plot or flat requires strategic planning and informed decisions. Reassess your current SIP investments, consider actively managed funds, and diversify your portfolio. Seek professional guidance to align your investments with your goals. With a comprehensive approach, disciplined savings, and continuous monitoring, you can achieve your financial objectives. Your dedication and efforts will pave the way for a secure and fulfilling future.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 20, 2024

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Hi Sir, My age is 26 I am planning to invest in SIP and expecting 5 CR returns at the age of 55. Currently my salary is Rs40000/month. So, how and where should I invest
Ans: It's inspiring to see your proactive approach to financial planning at such a young age. Investing in SIPs is a smart step towards achieving your long-term financial goals. Let's delve into a strategic plan to reach your target of ?5 crore by age 55.

Understanding the 151530 Rule
The 151530 rule serves as a guideline for SIP investors, emphasizing the power of compounding and consistent investing over time. By investing ?15,000 per month starting at age 30 for 30 years, you can potentially accumulate significant wealth by age 55.

Leveraging the Power of Compounding
Compounding is the magic ingredient that allows investments to grow exponentially over time. By starting early and investing consistently, you harness the full potential of compounding, enabling your investments to generate returns on both the principal amount and accumulated earnings.

Setting Realistic Expectations
While aiming for a ?5 crore corpus is ambitious, it's essential to set realistic expectations based on your current income and investment capacity. Consider factors such as inflation, market volatility, and risk tolerance when formulating your investment strategy.

Allocating Monthly Investment Amount
Given your monthly salary of ?40,000, allocating ?15,000 towards SIP investments aligns with the 151530 rule. This ensures a balanced approach to saving and investing, allowing you to meet your financial goals while maintaining a comfortable lifestyle.

Choosing Suitable Mutual Funds
When selecting mutual funds for your SIP, prioritize diversified equity funds with a proven track record of consistent performance and adherence to investment objectives. Avoid the temptation to chase high-risk investments and focus on funds that offer a blend of growth potential and risk mitigation.

Embracing Long-Term Vision
Investing for the long term requires patience, discipline, and a steadfast commitment to your financial goals. Stay focused on your objectives and resist the urge to make impulsive investment decisions based on short-term market fluctuations.

Monitoring and Reviewing
Regularly monitor the performance of your SIP investments and review your portfolio periodically to ensure alignment with your financial goals and risk tolerance. Adjust your investment strategy as needed based on changing market conditions and personal circumstances.

Conclusion
In conclusion, embarking on a SIP investment journey at a young age lays the foundation for long-term wealth creation and financial security. By adhering to the 15*15*30 rule, harnessing the power of compounding, and making informed investment decisions, you can work towards achieving your target corpus of ?5 crore by age 55.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 26, 2024

Listen
Money
Hi sir, My name is imdad Khan, I am married and father of a 1yr old boy and I am 27 years old and having monthly income 70k and 2 loans are running ie., of 35k, House rent will be 10k. Expenses are 10k per month. One of my colleague has suggested me to do SIP so i have started of SIP 2500. Could you please suggest me where and how many i have to invest so that with in 5 years. At least i have to save 20 lakhs. Thank you
Ans: Imdad,

Thank you for sharing your details. You have a stable income of Rs 70,000 per month. You are also a responsible father and husband.

Let's assess your financial situation:

Income: Rs 70,000 per month
Loans: Rs 35,000 per month
House Rent: Rs 10,000 per month
Expenses: Rs 10,000 per month
SIP Investment: Rs 2,500 per month
This leaves you with Rs 12,500 for savings and investments.

Goals and Investment Strategy
Your goal is to save Rs 20 lakhs in 5 years. To achieve this, a structured investment plan is essential.

Increase SIP Contributions
Step 1: Increase your SIP from Rs 2,500 to Rs 10,000. This will significantly boost your savings.
Step 2: Invest in diversified equity mutual funds. They provide potential for higher returns.
Debt Management
Step 1: Focus on repaying your loans. This will reduce your monthly liabilities.
Step 2: Aim to pay off your higher-interest loan first. This will save you money in the long run.
Emergency Fund
Step 1: Allocate a portion of your savings to build an emergency fund. Aim for at least 3 months of expenses.
Step 2: Keep this fund in a liquid asset. A liquid mutual fund is a good option.
Insurance Planning
Step 1: Ensure you have adequate life insurance. Term insurance is cost-effective.
Step 2: Health insurance is crucial. Secure a family floater plan for your family's protection.
Diversified Investment Plan
Step 1: Apart from SIPs, consider other investment avenues like PPF and NPS. These provide tax benefits and steady returns.
Step 2: Avoid direct funds. Regular funds through a Certified Financial Planner offer professional management.
Avoid Index Funds
Step 1: Index funds mimic the market. They offer average returns, which might not be sufficient for your goal.
Step 2: Actively managed funds have the potential to outperform the market. Professional fund managers can navigate market fluctuations better.
Regular Review and Adjustment
Step 1: Regularly review your investment portfolio. Ensure it aligns with your goals.
Step 2: Adjust your investments based on market conditions. Consult with a Certified Financial Planner for guidance.
Final Insights
Your goal of saving Rs 20 lakhs in 5 years is achievable. With disciplined savings and smart investments, you can secure a bright financial future for your family. Focus on increasing your SIP contributions, managing debt efficiently, and diversifying your investments.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10881 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Aug 20, 2025

Money
I've 22lakhs in FD, 16 lakhs in PPF, 6 lakhs in lic and 8 lakhs in gold. Also started SIP in recent years having 45 thousands. Pl advise where to invest further for next five years and after that how much I can get for monthly income.
Ans: You have built a strong base with FD, PPF, gold, LIC, and SIP. Having Rs.22 lakhs in FD, Rs.16 lakhs in PPF, Rs.6 lakhs in LIC, Rs.8 lakhs in gold, and Rs.45,000 monthly SIP shows consistent effort. Many people struggle to balance safety and growth, but you already maintain both. Now the focus should be on the next five years, and then on building a secure monthly income stream for long term. Let us see from all angles.

» Present Asset Allocation

Fixed Deposits: Rs.22 lakhs kept in bank. This gives safety but low return.

PPF: Rs.16 lakhs. It is safe, tax-free, but locked till maturity.

LIC: Rs.6 lakhs invested in insurance-linked policy. Likely low return product.

Gold: Rs.8 lakhs. Safe but not income generating.

Mutual Fund SIP: Rs.45,000 monthly started recently. This is growth focused.

» Strengths in Current Position

You have liquidity through FDs for any short-term need.

PPF creates safe retirement backing.

Gold gives long-term hedge against inflation.

SIP in equity funds builds wealth for the future.

Discipline of regular saving is already in place.

» Weaknesses in Current Position

FDs give low post-tax returns compared to inflation.

PPF is locked and cannot help much for monthly income in near term.

LIC policy usually mixes insurance and investment. Returns are poor compared to mutual funds.

Gold is not a regular income asset, only for long-term value.

Only mutual fund SIP is building real wealth growth.

» Action on LIC Policy

LIC investment is only Rs.6 lakhs, which is not large.

Such investment-cum-insurance plans give 4–5% returns only.

Compare this with mutual funds which can give higher inflation-beating returns.

Consider surrendering LIC policy after checking surrender value.

Reinvest proceeds into mutual funds through a Certified Financial Planner.

Keep insurance separate, only as pure term plan.

» Role of Fixed Deposits

Rs.22 lakhs in FD is a large amount.

FD is safe, but returns after tax are very low.

This cannot beat inflation in the long run.

Instead of keeping all in FD, part can be shifted.

Keep 6–9 months of expenses in FD or liquid fund.

Rest can be allocated to mutual funds for better growth.

» Role of PPF

Rs.16 lakhs in PPF is a strong safety base.

Interest is tax-free and compounding works well long term.

However, money is locked till maturity.

Treat PPF as your secure retirement asset, not for short-term use.

Do not withdraw unless essential.

» Role of Gold

Rs.8 lakhs in gold is fine for diversification.

Gold protects during inflation and currency fall.

But it does not create monthly income.

Keep it as a hedge only, do not add more.

5–10% of portfolio in gold is enough.

» Mutual Fund SIP Importance

Rs.45,000 monthly SIP is your most powerful tool now.

Equity funds beat inflation over long-term horizons.

Five years is short, but in 10–15 years the benefit is huge.

Stay consistent and do not stop SIP during market falls.

Use a mix of large cap, flexi cap, and mid cap funds.

Limit small-cap exposure to not more than 20%.

» Why Not Index Funds or ETFs

Many suggest index funds because of low cost.

But they only copy the market index.

They cannot protect in falling markets.

They include weak companies also, which drags returns.

Actively managed funds, which you already use, are better.

Skilled fund managers can change allocation during tough times.

This gives chance of higher returns compared to index.

» Why Not Direct Funds

Direct mutual funds look cheaper in cost.

But investors without guidance often stop SIP in fear.

They withdraw at wrong times, losing long-term wealth.

Regular plans through a Certified Financial Planner keep discipline.

Proper advice avoids panic selling and builds confidence.

That small extra cost ensures bigger benefits.

» Suggested Next Five-Year Strategy

Keep Rs.5–6 lakhs in FD for emergency.

Shift remaining FD money step-by-step into mutual funds.

Do not move all at once, use systematic transfer plans.

Continue Rs.45,000 SIP and increase by 5–10% yearly.

Surrender LIC and shift money to mutual funds for better growth.

Maintain PPF and gold as support assets.

By five years, you will have strong mutual fund wealth.

» Creating Monthly Income After Five Years

After five years, your mutual fund corpus will grow.

You can start SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan) from mutual funds.

This gives monthly income like a salary.

SWP is better than FD interest because it is more tax-efficient.

In equity funds, LTCG above Rs.1.25 lakh yearly is taxed at 12.5%.

Debt funds are taxed as per income slab.

By balancing equity and debt mutual funds, you can draw stable income.

Amount of income will depend on total wealth at that time.

Roughly, 6–7% of corpus yearly can be drawn safely.

» Estimating Future Monthly Income

Suppose your investments grow well in next five years.

With SIP and shifting FD, you may reach Rs.80–90 lakhs corpus.

At 6% safe withdrawal rate, monthly income can be Rs.40,000–45,000.

If investments grow further after 10 years, income can double.

This income will be over and above PPF maturity benefits.

Your gold can be reserved for special needs.

» Risk and Safety Balance

Equity gives higher growth but carries volatility.

Debt funds and PPF balance that volatility.

Gold acts as hedge for global uncertainty.

Keep insurance cover separate for protection.

This combination ensures peace of mind and steady wealth.

» Finally

You already saved across FD, PPF, LIC, gold, and SIP.

Next five years, focus should be on growing mutual funds.

Limit FD and gold to small part only.

Surrender LIC and reinvest in mutual funds.

Keep PPF as safety base, not for monthly income now.

Start SWP after five years for stable monthly cash flow.

Safe withdrawal can give Rs.40k–45k monthly in five years.

Over 10–15 years, income can grow to match lifestyle needs.

Stay disciplined, review plan every 2–3 years with a CFP.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Nayagam P

Nayagam P P  |10854 Answers  |Ask -

Career Counsellor - Answered on Dec 14, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 12, 2025Hindi
Career
Hello, I am currently in Class 12 and preparing for JEE. I have not yet completed even 50% of the syllabus properly, but I aim to score around '110' marks. Could you suggest an effective strategy to achieve this? I know the target is relatively low, but I have category reservation, so it should be sufficient.
Ans: With category reservation (SC/ST/OBC), a score of 110 marks is absolutely achievable and realistic. Based on 2025 data, SC candidates qualified with approximately 60-65 percentile, and ST candidates with 45-55 percentile. Your target requires scoring just 37-40% marks, which is significantly lower than general category standards. This gives you a genuine advantage. Immediate Action Plan (December 2025 - January 2026): 4-5 Weeks. Week 1-2: High-Weightage Chapter Focus. Stop trying to complete the entire syllabus. Instead, focus exclusively on high-scoring chapters that carry maximum weightage: Physics (Modern Physics, Current Electricity, Work-Power-Energy, Rotation, Magnetism), Chemistry (Chemical Bonding, Thermodynamics, Coordination Compounds, Electrochemistry), and Maths (Integration, Differentiation, Vectors, 3D Geometry, Probability). These chapters alone can yield 80-100+ marks if practiced properly. Ignore topics you haven't studied yet. Week 2-3: Previous Year Questions (PYQs). Solve JEE Main PYQs from the last 10 years (2015-2025) for chapters you're studying. PYQs reveal question patterns and difficulty levels. Focus on understanding why answers are correct, not memorizing solutions. Week 3-4: Mock Tests & Error Analysis. Take 2-3 full-length mock tests weekly under timed conditions. This is crucial because mock tests build exam confidence, reveal time management weaknesses, and error analysis prevents repeated mistakes. Maintain an error notebook documenting every mistake—this becomes your revision guide. Week 4-5: Revision & Formula Consolidation. Create concise formula sheets for each subject. Spend 30 minutes daily reviewing formulas and key concepts. Avoid learning new topics entirely at this stage. Study Schedule (Daily): 7-8 Hours. Morning (5:00-7:30 AM): Physics concepts + 30 PYQs. Break (7:30-8:30 AM): Breakfast & rest. Mid-morning (8:30-11:00): Chemistry concepts + 20 PYQs. Lunch (11:00-1:00 PM): Full break. Afternoon (1:00-3:30 PM): Maths concepts + 30 PYQs. Evening (3:30-5:00 PM): Mock test or error review. Night (7:00-9:00 PM): Formula revision & weak area focus. Strategic Approach for 110 Marks: Attempt only confident questions and avoid negative marking by skipping difficult questions. Do easy questions first—in the exam, attempt all basic-level questions before attempting medium or hard ones. Focus on quality over quantity as 30 well-practiced questions beat 100 random questions. Master NCERT concepts as most JEE questions test NCERT concepts applied smartly. April 2026 Session Advantage. If January doesn't deliver desired results, April gives you a second chance with 3+ months to prepare. Use January as a practice attempt to identify weak areas, then focus intensively on those in February-March. Realistic Timeline: January 2026 target is 95-110 marks (achievable with focused 50% syllabus), while April 2026 target is 120-130 marks (with complete syllabus + experience). Your reservation benefit means you need only approximately 90-105 marks to qualify and secure admission to quality engineering colleges. Stop comparing yourself to general category cutoffs. Most Importantly: Consistency beats perfection. Study 6 focused hours daily rather than 12 distracted hours. Your 110-mark target is realistic—execute this plan with discipline. All the BEST for Your JEE 2026!

Follow RediffGURUS to Know More on 'Careers | Money | Health | Relationships'.

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Dr Dipankar

Dr Dipankar Dutta  |1841 Answers  |Ask -

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 13, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 12, 2025
Career
Dear Sir/Madam, I am currently a 1st year UG student studying engineering in Sairam Engineering College, But there the lack of exposure and strict academics feels so rigid and I don't like it that. It's like they don't gaf about skills but just wants us to memorize things and score a good CGPA, the only skill they want is you to memorize things and pass, there's even special class for students who don't perform well in academics and it is compulsory for them to attend or else the student and his/her parents needs to face authorities who lashes out. My question is when did engineering became something that requires good academics instead of actual learning and skill set. In sairam they provides us a coding platform in which we need to gain the required points for each semester which is ridiculous cuz most of the students here just look at the solution to code instead of actual debugging. I am passionate about engineering so I want to learn and experiment things instead of just memorizing, so I actually consider dropping out and I want to give jee a try and maybe viteee , srmjeee But i heard some people say SRM may provide exposure but not that good in placements. I may not be excellent at studies but my marks are decent. So gimme some insights about SRM and recommend me other colleges/universities which are good at exposure
Ans: First — your frustration is valid

What you are experiencing at Sairam is not engineering, it is rote-based credential production.

“When did engineering become memorizing instead of learning?”

Sadly, this shift happened decades ago in most Tier-3 private colleges in India.

About “coding platforms & points” – your observation is sharp

You are absolutely right:

Mandatory coding points → students copy solutions

Copying ≠ learning

Debugging & thinking are missing

This is pseudo-skill education — it looks modern but produces shallow engineers.

The fact that you noticed this in 1st year already puts you ahead of 80% students.

Should you DROP OUT and prepare for JEE / VITEEE / SRMJEEE?

Although VIT/SRM is better than Sairam Engineering College, but you may face the same problem. You will not face this type of problem only in some top IITs, but getting seat in those IITs will be difficult.
Instead of dropping immediately, consider:

???? Strategy:

Stay enrolled (degree security)

Reduce emotional investment in college rules

Use:

GitHub

Open-source projects

Hackathons

Internships (remote)

Hardware / software self-projects

This way:

College = formality

Learning = self-driven

Risk = minimal

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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