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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 17, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Asked by Anonymous - May 17, 2024Hindi
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I'm 33 years old, I get 55k in hand and monthly liability of 25k home loan emi, having 8 lac in pf, 10.5 lac in ppf, investing 50k yearly in nps, have atal pension, not married but planning to get married in 1-2 years. How do I plan gor retirement so that i get 2 lac monthly pension in 2050. I'm skeptical about mutual fund but if i must i would invest only in nifty 50 index mf sip. Please suggest.

Ans: Given your current financial situation and retirement goal of receiving a monthly pension of Rs. 2 lakh in 2050, it's important to create a comprehensive retirement plan that accounts for your income, expenses, existing investments, and future needs. Here's a suggested plan to help you achieve your retirement goal:

Assess Current Financial Position
Income and Expenses: You have a monthly income of Rs. 55,000 and a monthly liability of Rs. 25,000 towards your home loan EMI. Ensure you have a budget in place to manage your expenses effectively.

Existing Investments:

Rs. 8 lakh in PF
Rs. 10.5 lakh in PPF
Investing Rs. 50,000 yearly in NPS
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
Retirement Planning Strategy
Calculate Retirement Corpus: Determine the corpus required to generate a monthly pension of Rs. 2 lakh in 2050. Consider factors such as inflation, life expectancy, and post-retirement expenses.

Investment Strategy:

Continue contributing to your PF, PPF, NPS, and APY to build a retirement corpus.
Since you're skeptical about mutual funds, consider investing in Nifty 50 Index Mutual Fund SIPs for equity exposure. These funds offer diversification and long-term growth potential.
Allocate a portion of your investments to debt instruments like PPF and NPS for stability and fixed income.
Review and Adjust Investments:

Regularly review your investment portfolio and adjust your asset allocation based on changing market conditions, risk tolerance, and retirement goals.
Consider increasing your investment contributions over time to accelerate wealth accumulation.
Plan for Marriage Expenses:

Factor in the expenses related to your upcoming marriage when creating your financial plan. Allocate funds accordingly and adjust your savings and investment strategy as needed.
Retirement Income Streams
PF and PPF: Utilize the accumulated corpus in your PF and PPF accounts to generate a steady income stream during retirement. Consider options like annuity plans or systematic withdrawals.

NPS: Continue contributing to NPS to build a substantial retirement corpus. Opt for a suitable pension plan within NPS that offers regular pension payments post-retirement.

Atal Pension Yojana (APY): APY provides a guaranteed pension amount based on your contribution and age. Ensure you contribute regularly to maximize the benefits under the scheme.

Additional Income Sources: Explore additional income sources such as rental income, part-time employment, or freelance opportunities to supplement your retirement income.

Risk Management and Contingency Planning
Insurance Coverage: Ensure you have adequate health insurance and life insurance coverage to protect yourself and your dependents from unforeseen events.

Emergency Fund: Maintain an emergency fund equivalent to 3-6 months' worth of expenses to cover any unexpected expenses or financial emergencies.

Regular Monitoring and Review
Annual Review: Conduct an annual review of your retirement plan to track your progress towards your goals, adjust your investment strategy, and make any necessary changes.

Seek Professional Advice: Consider consulting with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) who can provide personalized guidance and help you optimize your retirement plan based on your unique financial situation and goals.

By following this retirement planning strategy and staying disciplined with your savings and investments, you can work towards achieving your goal of receiving a monthly pension of Rs. 2 lakh in 2050 while also ensuring financial security for yourself and your future spouse.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Apr 15, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Apr 14, 2024Hindi
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Hello sir, I am 42 years old and want to retire by age of 55. My current savings is 303L in EPF. 307L in equity, 9.6L in nps. Investment I does as follows 1. Epf - 45000 by employer and same contribution by me as well which combined around 90000/- 2. 27000/- monthly sip , Nippon small cap 6000, axis small cap 6000, quant infrastructure fund 6000/-, quant small cap 6000/-l miarae asset blue chi large cap 3000/- all started very soon having corpus of 4L as of today. 3. Investing 25000/- in nps monthly. 4. Around 50k monthly in equity I have a liability of 50L home loan which I have planned to get rid off by 2028. I have another home loan which will be closed by end of 2025. I have a daughter which is doing CA and for marriage it will be required around 1 cr. I have a son who are going to persue medical which will cost me 50-75L. How I can plan my retirement to get atleast 3L monthly by age of 55. My current monthly take home salary is 3L around.
Ans: Given your goal to retire by 55 with a monthly income of ?3L, you have a comprehensive plan with a mix of investments and savings. Here's a suggested strategy:

EPF: Continue the contribution as it offers tax benefits and stable returns.

SIPs: Your SIPs in small and large-cap funds are good for growth. Consider adding a diversified equity fund for balance. Monitor and rebalance annually.

NPS: Since you're investing ?25,000 monthly, ensure you choose the auto-choice option for a balanced allocation between equity, corporate bonds, and government securities.

Home Loans: Prioritize closing the higher interest rate loan first while maintaining EMIs for both.

Children’s Education and Marriage: Start separate SIPs or investments earmarked for these goals to reach 1 cr for your daughter's marriage and 50-75L for your son's medical studies.

Emergency Fund: Maintain an emergency fund of at least 6 months' expenses.

Retirement Corpus: Aim to build a corpus that can generate ?3L/month. Based on a conservative estimate, a corpus of around ?6-7 crores by 55 might be needed. Regularly review and adjust your investments to align with this target.

Professional Advice: Consult a financial advisor to fine-tune your plan and ensure you're on track to meet your retirement and other financial goals.

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 29, 2024

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I work for PSU and still have 20 years of service. Annual package is 14 lacs. I have NPS corpus of around 22 lacs and monthly addition of 35000/- till retirement. I have housing loan 40 lacs and car loan 5 lacs and investing in mutual funds 20000/- per month in 4 different small cap, gold fund and debt fund. Also invested in Bank fd, RBI bond and SGB and for daughter 07 years in sukanya scheme 30000/- per year. I don't have pension scheme which was removed by government. How can I further plan for my retirement.
Ans: Thank you for sharing your financial details and goals. It's great that you are thinking ahead about your retirement planning. With a structured approach, you can achieve a secure and comfortable retirement. Let's analyze your current situation and devise a comprehensive plan.

Current Financial Overview
Your annual package is Rs. 14 lakhs, and you have 20 years of service left in your Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) job. Here’s a summary of your current financial status:

NPS Corpus: Rs. 22 lakhs with a monthly addition of Rs. 35,000 until retirement.
Housing Loan: Rs. 40 lakhs.
Car Loan: Rs. 5 lakhs.
Mutual Funds Investment: Rs. 20,000 per month in small-cap, gold fund, and debt fund.
Bank FD, RBI Bond, and SGB: Additional investments.
Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme: Rs. 30,000 per year for your daughter.
No Pension Scheme: Government pension scheme removed.
Retirement Planning Strategy
To achieve a comfortable retirement, follow these strategic steps:

1. Increase NPS Contributions
Your NPS contributions are substantial, but maximizing them can enhance your retirement corpus. NPS offers tax benefits and is a low-cost investment option. Given the power of compounding, increasing your monthly contributions, if feasible, will significantly boost your retirement savings.

2. Manage Your Loans Effectively
Focus on repaying your housing and car loans efficiently. High-interest loans can eat into your savings. Consider these strategies:

Prepay Your Loans: Use any surplus funds or bonuses to prepay a portion of your loans. This reduces the principal amount and interest burden.
Increase EMI Payments: If possible, increase your EMI payments to shorten the loan tenure and reduce overall interest.
3. Diversify Your Mutual Fund Investments
Your current investment in mutual funds is a good start. However, diversification is key to balancing risk and returns. Here’s a suggested allocation:

Equity Funds: Allocate a portion to large-cap and mid-cap funds. These offer stability and growth potential.
Debt Funds: Continue investing in debt funds for stability and lower risk.
Gold Fund: Gold is a good hedge against inflation but limit exposure to 5-10% of your portfolio.
4. Evaluate and Rebalance Your Portfolio
Regularly evaluate the performance of your investments. Rebalancing ensures your portfolio aligns with your risk tolerance and financial goals. Aim to review your portfolio at least once a year.

5. Maximize Tax Savings
Utilize all available tax-saving instruments under Section 80C and 80CCD:

PPF: Consider additional investments in PPF for tax benefits and secure returns.
ELSS Funds: Equity-Linked Savings Schemes offer tax benefits and potential for high returns.
6. Increase Investments Gradually
As your income grows, gradually increase your investments. Aim to increase your SIPs in mutual funds and contributions to PPF and NPS. This disciplined approach ensures steady growth in your investment corpus.

7. Emergency Fund
Maintain an emergency fund equivalent to 6-12 months of your expenses. This provides a financial cushion in case of unexpected events. Keep this fund in a liquid, easily accessible form like a savings account or liquid fund.

8. Plan for Daughter’s Education and Marriage
The Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme is a great start for your daughter's future. Additionally, consider investing in a child education plan or dedicated mutual funds for her education and marriage expenses.

Calculating Future Corpus
With disciplined saving and investment, you can build a substantial corpus. Let’s project your NPS corpus and mutual fund investments:

NPS Corpus Growth
Assuming a conservative annual return of 8% and continuing your monthly contribution of Rs. 35,000:

Your NPS corpus can grow significantly over 20 years.
Mutual Funds Growth
With an average annual return of 12% from mutual funds:

Your monthly SIPs of Rs. 20,000 can accumulate a substantial amount in 20 years.
Additional Investments
Your investments in PPF, FDs, RBI Bonds, and SGBs will also contribute to your retirement corpus. Ensure these investments are aligned with your overall financial goals.

Generating Post-Retirement Income
To achieve financial security post-retirement, create a diversified income stream:

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): Use SWPs in mutual funds to generate a regular income.
Annuity Plans: Consider investing a portion of your corpus in annuity plans for a steady income.
Interest and Dividends: Income from fixed deposits, bonds, and SGBs will add to your monthly cash flow.
Regular Monitoring and Adjustment
Regularly monitor your portfolio and adjust based on market conditions and life changes. Consulting with a Certified Financial Planner ensures your strategy remains effective and aligned with your goals.

Importance of Professional Guidance
A Certified Financial Planner can provide tailored advice, helping you optimize your investment strategy. Their expertise ensures you make informed decisions, maximizing returns while managing risk.

Conclusion
You are on the right track with your current investments and financial discipline. By increasing your NPS contributions, managing loans effectively, diversifying your portfolio, and maximizing tax savings, you can build a substantial retirement corpus. Regular monitoring and professional guidance will further ensure financial security. With a strategic approach, you can achieve your retirement goal of Rs. 2 crore and enjoy a comfortable post-retirement life.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 06, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - May 31, 2024Hindi
Money
Hello Sir,I am 47,wife,42,working,son 13 yrs. I have two house with loan emi 70K .have elderly parents. Have term plan of 50 lac each for both of us other than traditional insurance of roughly 20 lac.Both of us put together earning 3 lacs net in a month.we have 50 lacs in FD, PF and PPF put together 50 lacs , shares in PMS portfolio for 1.50 Cr. Equity MF portfolio of roughly 2.50 Cr . I plan to retire by 50 to take care of our sons studies while my wife will continue to work as she has favorable conditions at job than me .Would like to get a monthly pension of 2 lac at current inflation.How to plan.thanks
Ans: Retirement planning requires a detailed understanding of your financial situation and goals. Given your current financial details, let's create a strategy to ensure you achieve a monthly pension of Rs. 2 lakh adjusted for inflation.

Understanding Your Current Financial Situation
Income and Expenses

Combined Monthly Income: Rs. 3 lakh
EMI for House Loans: Rs. 70,000
Net Monthly Income After EMI: Rs. 2.3 lakh
Assets and Investments

Fixed Deposits (FD): Rs. 50 lakh
Provident Fund (PF) and Public Provident Fund (PPF): Rs. 50 lakh
Shares in Portfolio Management Services (PMS): Rs. 1.5 crore
Equity Mutual Fund (MF) Portfolio: Rs. 2.5 crore
Insurance Coverage

Term Plan: Rs. 50 lakh each for you and your wife
Traditional Insurance Policies: Total coverage of Rs. 20 lakh
Family Details

Wife's Age: 42, currently working with favorable job conditions
Son's Age: 13, will need funds for higher education
Elderly Parents: Potential healthcare expenses
Setting Your Retirement Goals
Target Monthly Pension

You desire a monthly pension of Rs. 2 lakh to maintain your lifestyle. To account for inflation, we need to adjust this amount for the future.

Estimating Required Corpus
Inflation Adjustment

Assuming an average inflation rate of 6% per annum, we calculate the future value of your monthly pension requirement.

Future Value Calculation:

Present Value (PV): Rs. 2 lakh
Rate of Inflation (r): 6% or 0.06
Number of Years (n): 3 years (from age 47 to 50)
Future Value (FV) = Rs. 2,00,000 × (1 + 0.06)^3
Future Value ≈ Rs. 2,00,000 × 1.191
Future Value ≈ Rs. 2,38,200

So, your monthly pension requirement at retirement will be approximately Rs. 2,38,200.

Corpus Required to Sustain Pension
Using the 4% withdrawal rule to determine the corpus required:

Annual Pension = Rs. 2,38,200 × 12
Annual Pension = Rs. 28,58,400

Required Corpus = Rs. 28,58,400 / 0.04
Required Corpus ≈ Rs. 7.15 crore

Current Assets and Additional Savings
Current Assets

Total Current Investments:
FD + PF + PPF + PMS + MF
Rs. 50 lakh + Rs. 50 lakh + Rs. 1.5 crore + Rs. 2.5 crore
= Rs. 5 crore
Future Savings Until Retirement

Assuming you save Rs. 1 lakh per month after other expenses, your total savings will be:

Monthly Savings × Number of Months
Rs. 1,00,000 × 36
= Rs. 36 lakh

Total Corpus by Retirement

Adding current assets and future savings:
Rs. 5 crore + Rs. 36 lakh
= Rs. 5.36 crore

Analyzing the Gap
Required Corpus: Rs. 7.15 crore

Projected Corpus by Retirement: Rs. 5.36 crore

Gap: Rs. 7.15 crore - Rs. 5.36 crore = Rs. 1.79 crore

Strategies to Bridge the Gap
Optimizing Investments

Reallocate Assets: Shift a portion of your FD and low-yield investments to higher growth options like equity mutual funds and PMS to potentially increase returns.

Maximize Equity Exposure: Given your three-year horizon, carefully increase exposure to equity to benefit from higher returns, but ensure to rebalance to reduce risk as you approach retirement.

Detailed Investment Strategies
Equity Mutual Funds

Investing in equity mutual funds offers significant growth potential. Focus on large-cap and diversified equity funds to manage risk while aiming for higher returns.

Hybrid Mutual Funds

Hybrid funds provide a balanced approach by combining equity and debt. They offer growth with reduced volatility, making them a stable addition to your portfolio.

Debt Mutual Funds

Debt funds are less volatile and provide stable returns. Include a mix of short-term and medium-term debt funds to preserve capital and generate regular income.

National Pension System (NPS)

Continue contributing to NPS, which offers tax benefits and market-linked returns. At retirement, use a portion for annuities and withdraw the rest to support your income needs.

Rebalancing Fixed Deposits
Consider moving a portion of your fixed deposits to mutual funds or other growth-oriented investments. FDs offer safety but lower returns compared to mutual funds.

Medical Insurance Coverage
Your medical insurance coverage of Rs. 1.5 crore is sufficient. Ensure it continues post-retirement and consider adding top-up plans if needed.

Regular Review and Rebalancing
Regularly review your investment portfolio and rebalance it to maintain the desired asset allocation. Adjust based on market conditions and your financial goals.

Risk Management
Emergency Fund

Maintain an emergency fund equivalent to 6-12 months of expenses to ensure liquidity for unforeseen expenses.

Diversification

Diversify your investments across asset classes to reduce risk and avoid putting all your money in one type of investment.

Monitoring Expenses
Track Expenses

Keep track of your expenses and adjust your budget if needed to ensure you stay within your retirement income.

Manage Lifestyle Inflation

Be cautious of lifestyle inflation. As your income grows, avoid unnecessary expenses that can erode your savings.

Tax Planning
Tax-Efficient Withdrawals

Plan your withdrawals to minimize tax liability by using systematic withdrawal plans (SWP) from mutual funds for regular income.

Utilize Tax Benefits

Take advantage of tax-saving investments under Section 80C, 80D, and other applicable sections to reduce your taxable income.

Conclusion
Retirement planning requires careful analysis and strategy. With your current savings and planned investments, you’re on the right track. By optimizing your investments, increasing savings, and managing expenses, you can build a sufficient retirement corpus.

Ensure regular review and rebalancing of your portfolio. Work with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) to tailor your strategy and achieve your retirement goals.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 03, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jun 03, 2024Hindi
Money
I am 53 and I have 20 lakh in FD, 27 lak in PPF, 4 lakh in MF, 40 lakh in EPF and two houses worth 1.5 cr. Pension fund lic of 50lakh which will start from 2027. I want to retire by 55. How to plan for retirement
Ans: Planning for Retirement at 55

Retirement planning is crucial, especially when aiming for early retirement. You have made significant progress with diverse investments. Let’s evaluate and create a comprehensive plan to achieve your retirement goals.

Current Financial Situation

You have Rs 20 lakh in fixed deposits (FD), Rs 27 lakh in Public Provident Fund (PPF), Rs 4 lakh in mutual funds (MF), and Rs 40 lakh in Employees' Provident Fund (EPF). Additionally, you have two houses worth Rs 1.5 crore and a pension fund from LIC worth Rs 50 lakh starting in 2027. These assets form a solid foundation for your retirement plan.

Evaluating Fixed Deposits

Fixed deposits are safe but offer moderate returns. At age 55, FDs can be a stable source of income. However, consider diversifying to balance safety with higher returns.

Public Provident Fund (PPF)

PPF offers tax-free returns and safety. Its lock-in period makes it suitable for long-term savings. Continue contributing to PPF until retirement to maximise benefits.

Mutual Funds (MF)

Your mutual fund investment is currently Rs 4 lakh. Consider increasing this amount for potentially higher returns. Actively managed funds offer better growth compared to index funds.

Employees' Provident Fund (EPF)

EPF is a reliable retirement corpus. Ensure it remains intact until retirement. Withdraw it only when necessary to avoid penalties and maximise growth.

Pension Fund from LIC

Your LIC pension fund will start in 2027, providing additional income. Plan interim strategies to bridge the income gap between 55 and 2027. This ensures a smooth transition into full retirement.

Evaluating Real Estate

You own two houses worth Rs 1.5 crore. Real estate provides substantial value but isn’t very liquid. Consider the rental income potential or downsizing if necessary to unlock liquidity.

Retirement Income Needs

Estimate your monthly expenses post-retirement. Include living costs, healthcare, travel, and leisure. Ensure your retirement income comfortably covers these expenses. Aim for a surplus to account for unexpected costs.

Creating an Income Strategy

To retire at 55, your strategy should focus on generating steady income from your investments.

Systematic Withdrawal Plans (SWP)

SWPs from mutual funds can provide regular income. They offer flexibility and tax efficiency. Choose a mix of equity and debt funds to balance growth and stability.

Debt Funds

Debt funds are suitable for conservative investors. They provide moderate returns with lower risk. Include them in your portfolio to ensure stability and regular income.

Balanced Funds

Balanced funds invest in both equities and debt. They offer moderate risk and moderate returns. They are ideal for maintaining a balance between safety and growth.

Maintaining Emergency Funds

Keep an emergency fund separate from your retirement corpus. It should cover at least six months of expenses. This ensures you don’t dip into your investments for unexpected costs.

Healthcare Planning

Healthcare costs can be significant in retirement. Ensure you have adequate health insurance coverage. Consider a separate healthcare fund to cover out-of-pocket expenses.

Tax Planning

Effective tax planning can enhance your retirement income. Invest in tax-efficient instruments like PPF and debt funds. Consider consulting a Certified Financial Planner to structure your investments for optimal tax benefits.

Inflation Consideration

Inflation erodes purchasing power over time. Choose investments that offer returns higher than the inflation rate. This ensures your income remains sufficient throughout retirement.

Regular Funds vs. Direct Funds

Regular funds offer professional management and guidance. They ensure your investments align with your goals. Direct funds might seem cheaper but lack expert advice, which can be crucial for optimal returns.

Monitoring and Reviewing Investments

Regularly review your investment portfolio. Adjust allocations based on market conditions and personal circumstances. This proactive approach ensures your investments stay aligned with your goals.

Asset Allocation

Diversify your investments across different asset classes. A balanced mix of equity, debt, and fixed income instruments can optimise returns while managing risk. This ensures stability and growth.

Professional Guidance

A Certified Financial Planner can provide personalised advice. They help in structuring your portfolio to match your retirement goals. Professional guidance ensures a comprehensive and effective retirement plan.

Post-Retirement Activities

Consider part-time work or consulting to stay active and earn additional income. This can provide a sense of purpose and supplement your retirement income. Explore hobbies and activities to maintain a fulfilling lifestyle.

Estate Planning

Plan for the distribution of your assets to your heirs. Ensure you have a will in place. This ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes and reduces potential conflicts.

Conclusion

Retiring at 55 is an achievable goal with proper planning. Your current investments form a strong base. With strategic allocation and professional guidance, you can ensure a financially secure and fulfilling retirement.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Oct 10, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Oct 10, 2024Hindi
Money
Hello sir, I’m 49 and want to retire in the next 2to3 years. I have about 1.5cr in MF’s and about 1 cr in PF. I have a loan of 30 lakhs that I plan to close by next year. Can you suggest best way to plan retirement, I would need about 1.75 lakhs pm with 4 percent inflation each year for the next 25 years
Ans: At 49, planning for retirement in the next 2 to 3 years is a significant financial step. The goal of generating Rs 1.75 lakhs per month with 4% inflation is achievable with careful planning and the right strategies.

You already have Rs 1.5 crores in mutual funds and Rs 1 crore in your provident fund. This is a solid base. There are a few key points to consider before finalising your retirement strategy.

Let's break down the approach in a simple, clear, and step-by-step manner to help you achieve financial independence during your retirement years.

Assessing Your Financial Position
Before you retire, it's crucial to review your current financial standing. You have:

Rs 1.5 crores in mutual funds
Rs 1 crore in your provident fund
Rs 30 lakhs loan to be closed next year
You are in a strong financial position, but careful planning is necessary to ensure sustainability for the next 25 years.

After retiring, you will need Rs 1.75 lakhs monthly, adjusted for inflation. Over 25 years, inflation will reduce the purchasing power of your money. A sustainable retirement income strategy must consider inflation and ensure your investments grow to cover future needs.

Closing Your Loan
Your plan to close your Rs 30 lakhs loan next year is a good idea.

Loan Repayment: It's essential to clear any high-interest liabilities before retirement. Loans can eat into your retirement corpus.

Once the loan is closed, you will have fewer fixed outflows, giving you more freedom to manage your retirement funds.

Investing for Income Generation
Now, let’s focus on generating Rs 1.75 lakhs per month for 25 years, adjusted for inflation.

Step 1: Divide Your Corpus for Different Time Horizons
A proven approach to retirement planning is the bucket strategy. This strategy involves dividing your corpus into three parts based on your investment time horizon. It ensures you have liquidity for short-term needs while your long-term investments grow.

Bucket 1: Immediate Needs (First 5 Years)

Allocate funds for your immediate retirement years (first 5 years). The goal here is stability and safety.

Use a combination of liquid funds or short-term debt funds for regular withdrawals. You can set up a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) from these funds to meet your monthly expenses.

This will help you avoid withdrawing from volatile equity markets during the early years of retirement.

Bucket 2: Medium-Term Growth (5 to 10 Years)

This bucket is for the next 5 to 10 years after retirement.

Allocate funds to hybrid funds, balanced advantage funds, or debt-oriented funds. These funds provide moderate growth with lower risk compared to equity funds.

The medium-term bucket will provide returns that keep pace with inflation and preserve your capital.

Bucket 3: Long-Term Growth (10 to 25 Years)

For the long-term, allocate funds to actively managed equity mutual funds. These funds have the potential to outperform inflation over the long run and can give you the growth needed to sustain your corpus.

Avoid relying on index funds. While they are low-cost, actively managed funds have the potential to deliver better returns over time, especially in volatile or emerging markets like India.

Regular funds managed by a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) or a mutual fund distributor (MFD) are beneficial because you can receive expert advice. Direct funds often leave investors without guidance, and even minor missteps can impact long-term wealth creation.

Step 2: Ensuring Inflation-Protected Growth
To meet the requirement of Rs 1.75 lakhs per month, you need to ensure that your investments grow at a pace that beats inflation. Here’s what you should keep in mind:

Inflation-Protected Growth: Given the 4% inflation rate, your corpus needs to grow at a higher rate to preserve purchasing power.

Equity Exposure: Equity mutual funds can help grow your wealth in the long run. By carefully choosing a mix of growth-oriented equity funds and hybrid funds, you can protect your wealth from the eroding effects of inflation.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): An SWP from debt funds for the first 5 years and a shift to hybrid or equity funds later on will ensure a smooth flow of income, even during market downturns.

Step 3: Withdrawal Strategy
A systematic withdrawal strategy ensures that your corpus lasts throughout your retirement. A well-designed SWP can give you consistent income while allowing your investments to grow in the background.

Start with Debt Funds: In the first 5 years, focus on withdrawing from debt funds or balanced funds. This prevents you from selling your equity holdings during a market correction.

Shift to Equity Funds: After the initial period, shift to withdrawing from your equity or hybrid funds, which should have appreciated over time.

Step 4: Emergency Fund
Even during retirement, you need to maintain a cash buffer for emergencies.

Emergency Fund: Keep at least 6 months’ worth of expenses in a separate emergency fund. This should be kept in a liquid fund or fixed deposit to ensure easy access.
Tax Efficiency and Long-Term Capital Gains
As you draw down your corpus, it’s important to be mindful of taxation.

Capital Gains Tax: Equity mutual funds are subject to a long-term capital gains (LTCG) tax of 12.5% for gains above Rs 1.25 lakhs. Short-term capital gains (STCG) are taxed at 20%.

Debt Mutual Funds: Gains from debt funds are taxed as per your income tax slab.

Careful tax planning, along with regular withdrawals, can help you manage tax outflows and preserve more of your retirement corpus.

Health and Life Insurance
Since you have already mentioned having adequate health insurance, continue reviewing your insurance cover.

Health Insurance: Ensure you and your spouse are adequately covered for healthcare needs. Healthcare costs tend to rise with age, and medical insurance should keep pace.

Life Insurance: If you still have any life insurance policies, review them to ensure they meet your needs. If they are investment-oriented policies (like ULIPs), consider whether they are offering good returns compared to mutual funds.

Finally
Your current corpus of Rs 2.5 crores (after the loan is closed) is substantial. With careful planning, you can achieve your retirement goal of Rs 1.75 lakhs per month with 4% inflation for the next 25 years.

Start with Debt: Focus on debt and liquid funds for the first 5 years.

Diversify: Ensure a mix of equity, hybrid, and debt funds for medium- and long-term needs.

Regular Monitoring: Keep reviewing your portfolio annually to ensure it aligns with market conditions and your financial goals.

Tax Planning: Be mindful of capital gains taxes when selling mutual funds.

With a structured withdrawal strategy and a diversified portfolio, your retirement can be financially secure and sustainable.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |10879 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 11, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 11, 2025Hindi
Money
Hello Sir, I am 56 yrs old with two sons, both married and settled. They are living on their own and managing their finances. I have around 2.5 Cr. invested in Direct Equity and 50L in Equity Mutual Funds. I have Another 50L savings in Bank and other secured investments. I am living in Delhi NCR in my owned parental house. I have two properties of current market worth of 2 Cr, giving a monthly rental of around 40K. I wish to retire and travel the world now with my wife. My approximate yearly expenditure on house hold and travel will be around 24 L per year. I want to know, if this corpus is enough for me to retire now and continue to live a comfortable life.
Ans: You have built a strong base. You have raised your sons well. They live independently. You and your wife now want a peaceful and enjoyable retired life. You have created wealth with discipline. You have no home loan. You live in your own house. This gives strength to your cash flow. Your savings across equity, mutual funds, and bank deposits show good clarity. I appreciate your careful preparation. You deserve a happy retired life with travel and comfort.

» Your Present Position
Your current financial position looks very steady. You hold direct equity of around Rs 2.5 Cr. You hold equity mutual funds worth Rs 50 lakh. You also have Rs 50 lakh in bank deposits and other secured savings. Your two rental properties add more comfort. You earn around Rs 40,000 per month from rent. You also live in your owned house in Delhi NCR. So you have no rent expense.

Your total net worth crosses Rs 5.5 Cr easily. This gives you a strong base for your retired life. You plan to spend around Rs 24 lakh per year for all expenses, including travel. This is reasonable for your lifestyle. Your savings can support this if planned well. You have built more than the minimum needed for a comfortable retired life.

» Your Key Strengths
You already enjoy many strengths. These strengths hold your plan together.

You have zero housing loan.

You have stable rental income.

You have children living independently.

You have a balanced mix of assets.

You have built wealth with discipline.

You have clear goals for travel and lifestyle.

You have strong liquidity with Rs 50 lakh in bank and secured savings.

These strengths reduce risk. They support a smooth retired life with less stress. They also help you handle inflation and medical costs better.

» Your Cash Flow Needs
Your yearly expense is around Rs 24 lakh. This includes travel, which is your main dream for retired life. A couple at your stage can keep this lifestyle if the cash flow is planned well. You need cash flow clarity for the next 30 years. Retirement at 56 can extend for three decades. So your wealth must support you for a long period.

Your rental income gives you around Rs 4.8 lakh per year. This covers almost 20% of your yearly spending. This reduces pressure on your investments. The rest can come from a planned withdrawal strategy from your financial assets.

You also have Rs 50 lakh in bank deposits. This acts as liquidity buffer. You can use this buffer for short-term and medium-term needs. You also have equity exposure. This can support long-term growth.

» Risk Capacity and Risk Need
Your risk capacity is moderate to high. This is because:

You own your home.

You have rental income.

Your children are financially independent.

You have large accumulated assets.

You have enough liquidity in bank deposits.

Your risk need is also moderate. You need growth because inflation will rise. Travel costs will rise. Medical costs will increase. Your lifestyle will change with age. Your equity portion helps you beat inflation. But your equity exposure must be managed well. You should avoid sudden large withdrawals from equity at the wrong time.

Your stability allows you to keep some portion in equity even during retired life. But you should avoid excessive risk through direct equity. Direct equity carries concentration risk. A balanced mix of high-quality mutual funds is safer in retired life.

» Direct Equity Risk in Retired Life
You hold around Rs 2.5 Cr in direct equity. This brings some concerns. Direct equity needs frequent tracking. It needs research. It carries single-stock risk. One mistake may reduce your capital. In retired life, you need stability, clarity, and lower volatility.

Direct funds inside mutual funds also bring challenges. Direct funds lack personalised support. Regular plans through a Mutual Fund Distributor with a Certified Financial Planner bring guidance and strategy. Regular funds also support better tracking and behaviour management in volatile markets. In retired life, proper handholding improves long-term stability.

Many people think direct funds save cost. But the value of advisory support through a CFP gives higher net gains over long periods. Direct plans also create more confusion in asset allocation for retirees.

» Mutual Funds as a Core Support
Actively managed mutual funds remain a strong pillar. They bring professional management and risk controls. They handle market cycles better than index funds. Index funds follow the market blindly. They do not help in volatile phases. They also offer no risk protection. They cannot manage quality of stocks.

Actively managed funds deliver better selection and risk handling. A retiree benefits from such active strategy. You should avoid index funds for a long retirement plan. You should prefer strong active funds under a disciplined review with a CFP-led MFD support.

» Why Regular Plans Work Better for Retirees
Direct plans give no guidance. Retired investors often face emotional decisions. Some panic during market fall. Some withdraw heavily during market rise. This harms wealth. Regular plan under a CFP-led MFD gives a relationship. It offers disciplined rebalancing. It improves long-term returns. It protects wealth from poor behaviour.

For retirees, the difference is huge. So shifting to regular plans for the mutual fund portion will help long-term stability.

» Your Withdrawal Strategy
A planned withdrawal strategy is key for your case. You should create three layers.

Short-Term Bucket
This comes from your bank deposits. This should hold at least 18 to 24 months of expenses. You already have Rs 50 lakh. This is enough to hold your short-term cash needs. You can use this for household costs and some travel. This avoids panic selling of equity during market downturn.

Medium-Term Bucket
This bucket can stay partly in low-volatility debt funds and partly in hybrid options. This should cover your next 5 to 7 years. This helps smoothen withdrawals. It gives regular cash flow. It reduces market shocks.

Long-Term Bucket
This can stay in high-quality equity mutual funds. This bucket helps beat inflation. This bucket helps fund your travel dreams in later years. This bucket also builds buffer for medical needs.

This three-bucket strategy protects your lifestyle. It also keeps discipline and clarity.

» Handling Property and Rental Income
Your properties give Rs 40,000 monthly rental. This helps your cash flow. You should maintain the property well. You should keep some funds aside for repairs. Do not depend fully on rental growth. Rental yields remain low. But your rental income reduces pressure on your investments. So keep the rental income as a steady support, not a primary source.

You should not plan more real estate purchase. Real estate brings low returns and poor liquidity. You already own enough. Holding more can hurt flexibility in retired life.

» Planning for Medical Costs
Medical costs rise faster than inflation. You and your wife need strong health coverage. You should maintain a reliable health insurance. You should also keep a medical fund from your bank deposits. You may keep around 3 to 4 lakh per year as a buffer for medical needs. Your bank savings support this.

Health coverage reduces stress on your long-term wealth. It also avoids large withdrawals from your growth assets.

» Travel Planning
Travel is your main dream now. You can plan your travel using your short-term and medium-term buckets. You can take funds annually from your liquidity bucket. You can avoid touching long-term equity assets for travel. This approach keeps your wealth stable.

You should plan travel for the next five years with a budget. You should adjust your travel based on markets and health. Do not use entire gains of equity for travel. Keep travel budget fixed. Add small adjustments only when needed.

» Inflation and Lifestyle Stability
Inflation will impact lifestyle. At Rs 24 lakh per year today, the cost may double in 12 to 14 years. Your equity exposure helps you beat this. But you need careful rebalancing. You also need disciplined review with a CFP-led MFD. This will help you manage inflation and maintain comfort.

Your lifestyle is stable because your children live independently. So your cash flow demand stays predictable. This makes your plan sustainable.

» Longevity Risk
Retirement at 56 means you may live till 85 or 90. Your plan should cover long years. Your total net worth of around Rs 5.5 Cr to Rs 6 Cr can support this. But you need a proper drawdown strategy. Avoid high withdrawals in early years. Keep your travel budget steady.

Do not depend on one asset class. A mix of debt and equity gives comfort. Keep your bank deposits as cushion.

» Succession and Estate Planning
Since you have two sons who are settled, you can plan a clear will. Clear distribution avoids conflict. You can also assign nominees across accounts. You can also review your legal papers. This gives peace to you and your family.

» Summary of Your Retirement Readiness
Based on your assets and cash flow, you are ready to retire. You have enough wealth. You have enough liquidity. You have enough income support from rent. You also have good asset mix. With proper planning, your lifestyle is comfortable.

You can retire now. But maintain a disciplined withdrawal strategy. Shift more reliance from direct equity into professionally managed mutual funds under regular plans. Keep your liquidity strong. Review once every year with a CFP.

Your wealth can support your travel dreams for many years. You can enjoy retired life with confidence.

» Finally
Your preparation is strong. Your intentions are clear. Your lifestyle needs are reasonable. Your assets support your dreams. With a balanced plan, steady review, and mindful spending, you can enjoy a comfortable retired life with your wife. You can travel the world without fear of running out of money. You deserve this peace and joy.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

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Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 10, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 10, 2025Hindi
Money
I am 47 years old. I have started investing in mutual fund (SIP) only since last one year due to some financial obligations. Currently I am investing Rs.33K per month in various SIPS. The details are: Kotak Mahindra Market Growth (Rs. 1500), Aditya BSL Low Duration Growth (Rs. 1400), HDFC Mid-cap Growth (Rs. 12000), Nippon India Large Cap Growth (Rs. 3000), Bandhan small cap (Rs. 5000), Motilal Oswal Flexicap Growth (Rs. 5000), ICICI Pru Flexicap growth (Rs. 5000). I have also started to invest Rs. 1,50,000 per year in PPF since last year. Can I sustain if I retire by the age of 62?
Ans: I can help you with your retirement planning.
You have given a very detailed picture of your investments.
You have also shown strong intent to build wealth at 47.
This itself is a big positive start.

Your Current Efforts

– You started late due to obligations.
– That is understandable.
– You still took charge.
– You now invest Rs.33K every month.
– You also invest Rs.1,50,000 a year in PPF.
– You follow discipline.
– You follow consistency.
– These habits matter the most.
– These habits will help your retirement.
– You deserve appreciation for this foundation.

» Your Current Investment Mix

– You invest in various equity funds.
– You also invest in one low duration debt fund.
– You invest across mid cap, large cap, flexi cap, and small cap.
– This gives you some spread.
– You also invest in PPF.
– PPF gives safety.
– PPF gives steady growth.
– This mix creates balance.

– Please note one point.
– You hold direct plans.
– Direct plans look cheaper outside.
– But they are not always helpful for long-term investors.
– Many investors pick wrong funds.
– Many investors track markets wrongly.
– Many investors redeem at wrong times.
– This affects returns more than the saved expense ratio.
– Regular plans through a MFD with CFP support give guidance.
– Regular plans also help you stay on track.
– Behaviour gap is a major cost in direct funds.
– Thus regular plans with CFP support work better for long-term investors.
– They can correct mistakes.
– They can help with asset mix.
– They can help you stay steady during market drops.
– This gives higher final wealth than direct funds in most cases.

» Your Retirement Age Goal

– You plan to retire at 62.
– You are 47 now.
– You have 15 years left.
– Fifteen years is still a strong time line.
– You can allow compounding to work well.
– Your corpus can grow meaningfully by 62.
– You can also improve your savings rate during this time.

» Assessing If Your Current Plan Supports Retirement

– There are many parts to assess.
– You need to look at your saving rate.
– You need to look at your growth rate.
– You need to look at your future lifestyle cost.
– You need to look at inflation.
– You need to look at post-retirement income need.
– You need to see if your present plan matches this.

– Right now, your total yearly investment is:
– Rs.33K per month in SIP.
– That is Rs.3,96,000 per year.
– Plus Rs.1,50,000 in PPF each year.
– So your total yearly investment is Rs.5,46,000.
– This is a good number.
– This can help your retirement journey.

» Understanding Equity Funds in Your Mix

– You invest in mid cap.
– Mid cap can give good growth.
– Mid cap also carries higher swings.
– You invest in small cap.
– Small cap is the most volatile.
– It can give high returns if held for long.
– But it needs patience.
– You invest in large cap exposure.
– Large cap gives stability.
– You invest in flexi cap.
– Flexi cap funds adjust strategy.
– Flexi cap funds give managers more control.
– Active management is useful in Indian markets.
– Fund managers can shift between market caps.
– They can pick good sectors.
– This improves return potential.
– This is a benefit that index funds do not have.
– Index funds just copy the index.
– Index funds do not avoid weak companies.
– Index funds cannot take smart calls.
– Index funds also rise in cost whenever the index churns.
– Active funds can protect downside.
– Active funds can find better opportunities.
– This is helpful for long-term wealth building.
– So your move towards active funds is fine.

» Understanding PPF in Your Mix

– Your PPF adds stability.
– It gives assured growth.
– It also gives tax benefits.
– It builds a stable part of your retirement base.
– It reduces overall risk in your portfolio.
– It works well over long years.
– You have also chosen a steady long-term asset.
– This is beneficial for retirement.

» Gaps That Need Attention

– Your funds are scattered.
– You hold too many schemes.
– Each additional scheme overlaps with others.
– This reduces impact.
– It also becomes hard to track.
– You can reduce your scheme count.
– A more focused mix can give smoother progress.
– Rebalancing becomes easier.
– You can keep fewer funds but maintain asset spread.
– You can also map each fund to a purpose.

– You also need clarity about your retirement income need.
– Many investors skip this.
– You must know how much money you need per month at 62.
– You must add inflation.
– You must add health needs.
– You must also add lifestyle goals.

» Your Future Lifestyle Cost

– Your cost will rise with inflation.
– Inflation affects food, transport, medical needs.
– Medical inflation is higher than normal inflation.
– Retirement planning must consider this.
– You also need to consider family responsibilities.
– You must consider emergencies.
– You must also consider rising cost of daily life.
– This helps estimate the required retirement corpus.

» Your Future Corpus From Current Savings

– Without giving strict numbers, you can expect growth.
– You invest steadily.
– You invest for 15 years.
– Your equity portion can grow better over long time.
– Your PPF gives predictable growth.
– Your mix can create a decent retirement base.
– But you will need to increase your SIP over time.
– You can raise your SIP by 5% to 10% each year.
– Even small increases help.
– This builds a stronger corpus.
– Your final retirement amount becomes much higher.

» Need for Periodic Review

– Markets change.
– Life situations change.
– Your goals may shift.
– Your income may rise.
– Your responsibilities may change.
– Review every year.
– Adjust as needed.
– A Certified Financial Planner can help.
– This gives clarity.
– This gives structure.
– This gives confidence.
– You can reduce mistakes.
– You can follow proper asset allocation.

» Asset Allocation Approach for Smooth Growth

– You must decide your ideal equity percentage.
– You must decide your ideal debt percentage.
– If you take too much equity, risk increases.
– If you take too little equity, growth reduces.
– You must keep balance.
– It must match your risk comfort.
– It must support your retirement goal.
– Right allocation brings discipline.
– Rebalancing once a year helps.
– Rebalancing controls emotion.
– Rebalancing increases long-term returns.
– Rebalancing keeps your portfolio healthy.

» Importance of Staying Invested During Market Swings

– Markets move up and down.
– Swings are normal.
– Equity grows over long time.
– Equity needs patience.
– People often fear drops.
– They exit at wrong time.
– This hurts long-term wealth.
– You must stay steady.
– You must trust your long-term plan.
– You must follow guidance.
– This improves retirement success.

» Avoiding Common Mistakes

– Many investors pick funds based on recent returns.
– This is risky.
– Fund selection needs deeper view.
– Fund must match your risk.
– Fund must match your time horizon.
– Fund must have consistent process.
– Fund must show reliable pattern.
– Avoid sudden changes.
– Avoid chasing trends.
– Stay with a disciplined plan.
– This ensures better results.

– You must avoid mixing too many categories.
– Focused mix works better.
– Smaller set makes control easy.
– This reduces confusion.

– Do not rely on direct funds for long-term goals.
– Direct funds lack guided support.
– Behavioral mistakes cost more than the lower expense ratio.
– Regular plans help you stay invested.
– They help avoid panic.
– They help during reviews.
– They help create proper asset allocation.
– They help you use the fund in the right way.
– Investment discipline is more important than low cost.
– Regular plans with CFP support deliver this discipline.

» Inflation Protection Through Growth Assets

– Equity protects from inflation.
– PPF adds safety.
– Balanced mix protects your purchasing power.
– Retirement needs this balance.
– Long-term equity portion helps create a healthy corpus.
– This allows you to meet rising living cost.

» How to Strengthen Your Retirement Plan From Now

– Increase SIP every year.
– Even slight hikes help.
– Be consistent.
– Avoid stopping during market drops.
– Do a yearly check-up.
– Reduce scheme count.
– Keep a clear structure.
– Assign each fund a purpose.
– Build an emergency fund.
– This will protect your SIP flow.
– Continue PPF.
– It gives stability.
– It protects your long-term needs.

» Possibility of Sustaining Life After Retirement

– Yes, you can sustain.
– But it depends on three things:
– Your future living cost.
– Your total corpus at retirement.
– Your discipline during retirement.

– If you continue your present saving, your base will grow.
– If you raise your SIP each year, your base will grow faster.
– If you keep a proper asset mix, your base will grow safely.
– If you avoid emotional mistakes, your base will stay strong.
– If you review yearly, your plan will stay on track.

– So sustaining life after retirement is possible.
– You just need stronger structure.
– You also need steady guidance.
– This ensures confidence.

» Retirement Income Planning After Age 62

– Your retirement income must come from a mix.
– Part from equity.
– Part from debt.
– Part from stable instruments.
– Do not depend on one source.
– Plan your withdrawal pattern.
– Take small and stable withdrawals.
– Keep some equity even after retirement.
– This helps your corpus last longer.
– Do not shift everything to debt at retirement.
– That reduces growth too much.
– Balanced approach keeps your money alive.
– This supports your life for long years.

» Health and Emergency Preparedness

– Health costs rise fast.
– You must plan for it.
– Keep health insurance active.
– Keep top-up if needed.
– Keep separate emergency money.
– Do not depend on your investments during emergencies.
– Emergency fund protects your retirement portfolio.
– This keeps compounding intact.
– You can handle shocks with ease.

» Tax Awareness

– Be aware of mutual fund tax rules.
– Equity long-term gains above Rs.1.25 lakh per year are taxed at 12.5%.
– Equity short-term gains are taxed at 20%.
– Debt funds are taxed as per your slab.
– Plan redemptions wisely.
– Do not redeem often.
– Keep long-term horizon.
– This reduces tax impact.
– This helps wealth building.

» Summary of Your Retirement Possibility

– You have a good start.
– You have a workable time frame.
– You have a steady contribution.
– You must refine your portfolio.
– You must increase SIP yearly.
– You must reduce scheme count.
– You must follow asset allocation.
– You must stay disciplined.
– You must get yearly review from a CFP.
– If you follow these, you can reach a healthy retirement base.

» Final Insights

– You are on the right path.
– You have taken the key step by starting.
– You can still create a strong retirement corpus even at 47.
– Fifteen years is enough if you stay consistent.
– Your mix of equity and PPF is good.
– With discipline and structure, your future can stay secure.
– With yearly guidance, you can avoid mistakes.
– With increased SIP, you can boost your corpus.
– You can aim for a peaceful and confident retirement at 62.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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