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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |4052 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 25, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more
Asked by Anonymous - May 24, 2024Hindi
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I have outstanding home loan of 24 lakhs( Interest rate-8.55%) I have a ULIP plan with current valuation as Rs. 13 lakhs (IRR- 17%) and maturing in 2027. Should I redeem my ULIP for pre payment towards my home loan.

Ans: You have an outstanding home loan of Rs. 24 lakhs with an interest rate of 8.55%. You also have a ULIP plan with a current valuation of Rs. 13 lakhs and an IRR of 17%, maturing in 2027. Deciding whether to redeem your ULIP to prepay your home loan requires careful evaluation.

Understanding Your Current Financial Situation
Home Loan:

Outstanding Amount: Rs. 24 lakhs
Interest Rate: 8.55%
Monthly EMI: Calculated based on the loan amount and tenure
ULIP:

Current Valuation: Rs. 13 lakhs
IRR: 17%
Maturity Year: 2027
Assessing the Home Loan Prepayment
Advantages:

Interest Savings: Prepaying your home loan reduces the total interest outgo over the loan tenure.

Emotional Relief: Owning your home outright provides emotional and financial peace of mind.

Disadvantages:

Liquidity Reduction: Using a lump sum to prepay your loan reduces your liquid assets.

Missed Investment Returns: You might miss out on potential higher returns from your investments.

Evaluating the ULIP Plan
Advantages:

High IRR: Your ULIP has a strong IRR of 17%, indicating good performance.

Maturity Benefit: ULIP maturity benefits can be substantial if left to grow until the end of the term.

Disadvantages:

Market Risks: ULIP returns are market-linked and can fluctuate.

Lock-in Period: ULIPs have a lock-in period, and premature withdrawal might attract charges.

Comparative Analysis
Interest Savings vs. Investment Returns
Home Loan Interest Rate: 8.55%

ULIP IRR: 17%

Evaluation:

Higher Returns: Your ULIP’s IRR of 17% is significantly higher than your home loan interest rate of 8.55%.

Opportunity Cost: Redeeming the ULIP to prepay the loan means losing out on higher potential returns.

Financial Goals and Liquidity
Emergency Fund: Ensure you have an adequate emergency fund before making large financial decisions.

Long-Term Goals: Consider your long-term financial goals and how prepaying the loan or investing aligns with them.

Evaluation:

Emergency Fund: Ensure sufficient liquidity for emergencies and unforeseen expenses.

Long-Term Wealth Creation: Higher investment returns can contribute significantly to long-term wealth accumulation.

Recommendations
Continue with ULIP
Higher Returns: Given the higher IRR of your ULIP, it is beneficial to let it mature.

Diversification: Maintaining investments in different instruments ensures balanced risk and returns.

Partial Prepayment
Balanced Approach: Consider using a part of your savings or other investments for partial prepayment.

Interest Savings: Partial prepayment can still reduce your overall interest outgo without compromising future returns.

Increase EMI Payments
Accelerate Loan Repayment: Increasing your monthly EMI can help repay your loan faster, saving on interest.

Manageable Impact: This approach maintains your ULIP investment while reducing loan tenure.

Implementing the Strategy
Review Financial Health
Assess Liquidity: Ensure you have sufficient liquid assets for emergencies.

Evaluate Risk Tolerance: Understand your risk tolerance before making financial decisions.

Long-Term Planning
Financial Goals: Align your decisions with your long-term financial goals.

Diversified Portfolio: Ensure a balanced and diversified investment portfolio.

Monitor Performance
Regular Review: Periodically review your ULIP performance and loan status.

Adjust Strategy: Be flexible to adjust your financial strategy based on market conditions and personal circumstances.

Conclusion
Balancing loan repayment with investment growth is crucial for long-term financial health. Given your ULIP’s high IRR, continuing the investment till maturity is recommended. Partial prepayment or increasing EMI payments can help balance interest savings with investment growth. Always ensure you have adequate liquidity for emergencies and align decisions with your long-term financial goals. Your proactive approach to managing finances is commendable.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Asked by Anonymous - May 04, 2024Hindi
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I am have a ulip with 3lakh premium per year,I have already paid for 3yrs and have 3 more yrs to pay should I continue with uulip or stop the payment,as per my once we stop payment it is moved to account with 2% interest until the tenure,my current fund value is 1060000 Please advise
Ans: Deciding whether to continue or discontinue your ULIP investment requires careful consideration of various factors. Let's analyze your situation to determine the best course of action.

Assessing ULIP Performance and Features
Current Fund Value: Your ULIP has accumulated a fund value of 10,60,000 rupees over three years, indicating positive growth.

Remaining Premium Payments: You have three more years of premium payments left on your ULIP policy.

Interest on Suspended Payments: According to your policy, if premium payments are stopped, the amount is moved to an account with a 2% interest rate until the end of the tenure.

Factors to Consider
Fund Performance: Evaluate the historical performance of your ULIP fund. Compare it with benchmark indices and similar investment options to gauge its competitiveness.

Costs and Charges: Assess the charges associated with your ULIP, including fund management charges, policy administration fees, and mortality charges. Ensure these fees are reasonable and do not erode your returns significantly.

Future Financial Goals: Consider your long-term financial objectives and whether your ULIP aligns with them. Evaluate alternative investment avenues that may offer better growth potential or align more closely with your risk tolerance and goals.

Decision Making
Continue with ULIP: If your ULIP has demonstrated consistent growth, low fees, and aligns with your financial goals, continuing with premium payments may be beneficial. Ensure you can sustain premium payments without compromising your financial stability.

Stop Premium Payments: If you are dissatisfied with the ULIP's performance, facing financial constraints, or find better investment opportunities elsewhere, stopping premium payments and moving the funds to the interest-bearing account may be prudent. However, consider the opportunity cost of potentially higher returns in other investments.

Consultation and Review
Consulting with a financial advisor can provide personalized insights into your ULIP investment and help you make an informed decision. Review your ULIP policy document, assess its terms and conditions, and consider seeking professional advice before making any changes.

Your diligence in reviewing your ULIP investment reflects responsible financial management. By carefully evaluating your options and seeking guidance when needed, you're taking proactive steps towards optimizing your financial well-being.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |4052 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 15, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - May 15, 2024Hindi
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I am a 31 year old Male. Currently, my salary is around 18 lac post deductions (Tax + 7% ESPP). I have an education loan of 40 lac with 12.75% floating interest (70k monthly EMI) which needs to be cleared in next 10 years. I will get a tax rebate on the interest paid for another 5 years. This reduces my actual ROI around 9%. My question is if it is worth it to prepay the loan (in < 5 or
Ans: Deciding whether to prepay your education loan depends on several factors, but here's a breakdown to help you assess your situation:

Arguments for Prepaying the Loan:

Save Money on Interest: Even with a reduced ROI of 9%, prepayment can save you a significant amount on total interest paid over the loan tenure.
Become Debt-Free Faster: Prepaying reduces your loan tenure, helping you achieve financial freedom sooner.
Peace of Mind: Eliminating a large monthly EMI can provide psychological relief and improve your financial well-being.
Arguments Against Prepaying the Loan:

Reduced Liquidity: Prepayment reduces the money available for other investments or emergencies.
Potential for Higher Returns: Investing the prepayment amount elsewhere might generate higher returns than the loan's interest rate (if invested wisely).
Tax Benefit Expiration: Once the tax rebate on interest ends after 5 years, the effective interest rate will rise to 12.75%.
Here are some additional factors to consider:

Your Risk Tolerance: Are you comfortable investing the prepayment amount in potentially higher-risk assets?
Emergency Fund: Do you have a sufficient emergency fund to cover unexpected expenses?
Future Financial Goals: Do you have any short-term or long-term financial goals that require the prepayment amount?
Consulting a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) is recommended. They can help you:

Analyze Your Finances: Assess your income, expenses, investments, and risk tolerance.
Create a Financial Plan: Develop a personalized plan considering your loan, investment options, and future goals.
Calculate Prepayment Benefit: Quantify the potential interest savings from prepayment.
Here's a possible approach:

Continue with EMI payments: Ensure timely payments to maintain a good credit score.
Invest a Portion of Savings: Consider investing a portion of your surplus funds in diversified assets for potentially higher returns.
Evaluate Prepayment After 5 Years: Once the tax benefit on interest ends, recalculate the effective interest rate and assess if a lump sum prepayment becomes more attractive.
Remember: There's no one-size-fits-all answer. A CFP can provide personalized guidance based on your specific circumstances.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Latest Questions
Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |4052 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 26, 2024

Money
Hello, I'm 25 years old and working at a service-based company earning approximately 44,000 per month. I am the sole provider for my family, which includes my mother and younger sister (who has completed her education and is preparing for government jobs). My monthly expenses are around 20,000. Currently, I have no savings except for about 1 lakh in my Provident Fund (PF). Additionally, I've begun investing 4,000 per month in the Public Provident Fund (PPF) over the last 4 months. I lack knowledge about other investments like SIPs and mutual funds. I am planning to purchase health and term insurance soon. I am currently upskilling myself to secure a higher-paying job, which I aim to achieve by the end of this year. Presently, I live on rent but have plans to buy a home in the future. I can currently allocate 15,000 per month towards investments, with the intention of increasing this amount in the near future. Could you please suggest some suitable investment plans or schemes for me?
Ans: You’re doing an excellent job managing your finances and taking care of your family. Let's explore how you can enhance your investment strategy to achieve your financial goals.

Understanding Your Financial Situation
You are 25 years old, earning Rs. 44,000 per month. Your family depends on you, including your mother and younger sister. Your monthly expenses are around Rs. 20,000, and you’ve just started investing Rs. 4,000 per month in PPF. You have Rs. 1 lakh in your Provident Fund (PF) and no other savings. You’re also planning to purchase health and term insurance soon. You aim to buy a home in the future and currently live on rent. Additionally, you can allocate Rs. 15,000 per month towards investments.

Setting Financial Goals
Your main financial goals are:

Building an emergency fund
Investing for future growth
Securing health and term insurance
Saving for a future home purchase
Upskilling for a higher-paying job
Let’s break down how to achieve these goals.

Building an Emergency Fund
Importance of Emergency Fund
An emergency fund is crucial. It helps you handle unexpected expenses without disrupting your financial plans. Aim to save at least 3-6 months’ worth of expenses.

Starting Small
Begin by setting aside a portion of your income each month. Given your expenses are Rs. 20,000, aim for an emergency fund of around Rs. 60,000 to Rs. 1,20,000.

Gradual Savings
You can start small and gradually increase the amount. For instance, allocate Rs. 5,000 per month initially. Once you achieve your emergency fund target, you can redirect this amount to other investments.

Investing for Future Growth
Understanding Investment Options
Investing in mutual funds and SIPs can offer higher returns compared to traditional savings methods. Let’s explore these options.

Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs)
SIPs allow you to invest a fixed amount regularly in mutual funds. This approach helps in averaging the cost of investment and leveraging the power of compounding.

Diversified Mutual Funds
Consider diversified mutual funds that invest across various sectors and companies. They offer a balanced risk-reward ratio and are managed by professional fund managers.

Balanced Advantage Funds
These funds dynamically manage the allocation between equity and debt. They provide a balance of growth and stability, ideal for investors with moderate risk tolerance.

Equity Linked Savings Scheme (ELSS)
ELSS funds offer tax benefits under Section 80C and have a lock-in period of three years. They invest primarily in equities and have the potential for high returns.

Securing Health and Term Insurance
Health Insurance
Health insurance is crucial to cover medical expenses and protect your savings. Choose a comprehensive policy that covers a wide range of illnesses and treatments.

Term Insurance
Term insurance provides financial security to your family in case of an unforeseen event. Opt for a term plan with adequate coverage based on your family’s needs and future goals.

Saving for a Future Home Purchase
Planning for Down Payment
Start saving for the down payment of your future home. Typically, lenders require a down payment of 20% of the home’s value.

Allocating Funds
You can allocate a portion of your monthly savings towards this goal. For example, you can set aside Rs. 5,000 per month for this purpose.

Long-term Investment
Consider long-term investments like PPF and mutual funds for your down payment fund. They offer good returns and help in accumulating a significant amount over time.

Upskilling for a Higher-paying Job
Investing in Education
Upskilling yourself is a great step towards securing a higher-paying job. Allocate time and resources to enhance your skills and qualifications.

Potential Income Increase
A higher-paying job will significantly improve your financial situation. It will enable you to save and invest more, achieving your financial goals faster.

Investment Strategy
Monthly Allocation
You can allocate your Rs. 15,000 monthly investment as follows:

Emergency Fund: Rs. 5,000
SIPs in Diversified Mutual Funds: Rs. 6,000
PPF: Rs. 4,000
Reviewing and Adjusting
Regularly review your investments and financial situation. Make adjustments as needed based on your income, expenses, and goals.

Evaluating Investment Options
Avoid Index Funds
Index funds might seem attractive due to lower fees, but they have limitations. They may not always beat inflation or provide superior returns consistently. Actively managed funds, with professional management, can offer better returns and adapt to market changes.

Benefits of Regular Funds
Direct funds require active management and market knowledge. Investing through a Mutual Fund Distributor (MFD) with CFP credentials offers professional guidance and better fund selection. This can lead to better performance and peace of mind.

Final Insights
You’re on the right track with a clear focus on your financial goals. Prioritizing an emergency fund, investing for future growth, securing insurance, and planning for a home purchase are wise steps.

Start with small, manageable investments and gradually increase them as your income grows. Regularly review your financial situation and seek professional advice if needed. With dedication and strategic planning, you’ll achieve your financial goals effectively.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

...Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |4052 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 26, 2024

Money
for long term investment time span 15 to 18 years for grand daughter which SIP to invest can you name the scheme . Amount range 2 to 5 thousand
Ans: Here's a detailed and comprehensive guide on selecting the best SIP investments for your granddaughter's long-term financial goals:

Understanding the Importance of Long-Term Investments
Investing for your granddaughter's future is a wonderful decision.

It ensures her financial security and helps in meeting her educational and other significant expenses.

A long-term investment horizon of 15 to 18 years provides ample time for your investments to grow and compound.

Benefits of SIP for Long-Term Investments
Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) are an excellent way to invest for long-term goals.

They provide the benefit of rupee cost averaging, reducing the impact of market volatility.

SIPs instill a habit of regular investing, making it easier to accumulate a significant corpus over time.

By investing a fixed amount regularly, you can take advantage of compounding returns.

Factors to Consider While Choosing SIPs
When selecting SIPs, consider the following factors:

Investment Goals: Define clear investment goals for your granddaughter, such as education, marriage, or any other future needs.

Time Horizon: A long-term horizon of 15 to 18 years allows you to take on more equity exposure for higher returns.

Risk Tolerance: Understand your risk tolerance and choose funds that align with your risk profile.

Fund Performance: Look for funds with a consistent performance track record over the years.

Expense Ratio: Lower expense ratios can significantly impact your overall returns over the long term.

Equity Mutual Funds for Long-Term Growth
Equity mutual funds are ideal for long-term investments as they offer higher returns compared to other asset classes.

Consider investing in a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds for diversified exposure.

Large-cap funds invest in well-established companies with stable growth prospects.

Mid-cap and small-cap funds invest in companies with higher growth potential but may carry more risk.

Benefits of Actively Managed Funds
Actively managed funds are managed by professional fund managers who aim to outperform the market.

They offer better returns compared to index funds in many cases.

Fund managers actively select and manage the portfolio to achieve higher returns.

Disadvantages of Index Funds
Index funds simply replicate market indices and do not aim to outperform the market.

They may not provide optimal returns in the long term, especially in a growing economy like India.

Actively managed funds, on the other hand, have the potential to deliver better returns.

Importance of Diversification
Diversification reduces risk and enhances returns.

Investing in a mix of equity, debt, and hybrid funds ensures a balanced portfolio.

Equity funds provide growth, while debt funds offer stability and lower risk.

SIP Amount and Frequency
For a long-term goal, investing Rs 2,000 to Rs 5,000 per month is a good start.

Set up SIPs in multiple funds to diversify your investments.

Regularly investing a fixed amount ensures disciplined investing.

Evaluating Fund Performance
Regularly review the performance of your SIP investments.

Compare the fund's performance with its benchmark and peers.

Rebalance your portfolio if needed to maintain the desired asset allocation.

Benefits of Regular Funds and Certified Financial Planner (CFP)
Investing through regular funds with the guidance of a CFP adds value.

CFPs provide personalized advice and help in creating a well-diversified portfolio.

They offer professional expertise and help you make informed investment decisions.

Monitoring and Rebalancing
Regularly monitor your SIP investments and review your financial plan.

Market conditions and personal circumstances change over time.

Rebalance your portfolio periodically to maintain the desired asset allocation.

Tax Benefits of SIPs
SIPs in Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) offer tax benefits under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act.

ELSS funds have a lock-in period of three years and provide both tax savings and long-term growth.

Consider allocating a part of your SIP investments to ELSS funds for tax-efficient investing.

Financial Discipline and Consistency
Financial discipline is key to achieving your long-term goals.

Stick to your SIP investment plan and avoid the temptation to time the market.

Consistent investing will yield significant results over time.

Leveraging Professional Advice
Seek advice from a Certified Financial Planner to create a tailored investment plan.

They provide valuable insights and help you navigate through market complexities.

A CFP helps in aligning your investments with your financial goals.

Avoiding Common Investment Mistakes
Avoid high-risk and speculative investments that promise quick returns.

Don’t chase past performance of funds; instead, focus on long-term potential.

Stay disciplined and stick to your investment plan.

Building a Corpus for Your Granddaughter
Building a significant corpus for your granddaughter requires careful planning and disciplined investing.

Start early and invest regularly to take advantage of compounding returns.

Review and adjust your investments as needed to stay on track with your goals.

Final Insights
Investing for your granddaughter’s future is a noble and rewarding decision.

A well-structured SIP investment plan will help you achieve your financial goals.

Focus on long-term growth, diversification, and regular monitoring.

Stay disciplined and seek professional advice to make informed investment decisions.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

...Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |4052 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 26, 2024

Money
I am a Railway employee, my monthly salary is approx 38000. I have a personal loan of monthly emi 17000 and it's outstanding amount 490000 about remaining 40 months. I have also invest 9000(5000 RD + 4000 MF) for my marriage in first of 2026 . My total expenditure ={ 23000 ( including loan emi) and invest 9000 for marriage and 7000 for try to prepayment to loan }= 39000 My next plan build my house take a home loan about 15 lakh and try to prepayment my personal loan with extra emi 7000 but it takes 20 months, I want to take home loan in next year 2025 about 8 month later, so I try to close my personal loan as early as possible in each month with extra emi. But can't get the result at proper time. what should I do ? And Ami I going in right path? Pls suggest me
Ans: I see you're working hard to manage your finances and future goals. Let's look at how you can achieve your plans effectively.

Understanding Your Current Financial Situation
First, let's break down your current financial position:

Monthly Salary: Rs. 38,000
Personal Loan EMI: Rs. 17,000
Personal Loan Outstanding: Rs. 4,90,000 (40 months remaining)
Monthly Investments: Rs. 9,000 (RD and MF)
Total Monthly Expenditure: Rs. 23,000 (including loan EMI)
Additional EMI for Loan Prepayment: Rs. 7,000
You have a clear goal: to close your personal loan as early as possible and take a home loan next year.

Loan Repayment Strategy
Focus on Personal Loan Prepayment
You're already paying Rs. 7,000 extra towards your personal loan each month. This is a good step. By prepaying, you're reducing the interest burden. However, it may not close the loan as quickly as you hope.

Increase Prepayment Amount
If possible, try to increase the prepayment amount. Even a small increase can significantly reduce the loan tenure. Check if you can cut some discretionary expenses temporarily to allocate more towards prepayment.

Lump Sum Payments
Whenever you receive any extra income, such as bonuses or gifts, use it for lump sum payments towards your personal loan. This will further reduce your outstanding amount.

Investment Strategy
Balancing Loan Repayment and Investments
You’re investing Rs. 9,000 monthly (Rs. 5,000 in RD and Rs. 4,000 in MF) for your marriage in 2026. This is important, but your immediate priority is clearing the personal loan.

Temporarily Redirect Investments
Consider temporarily redirecting some of your investments towards loan prepayment. For instance, reduce RD and MF contributions slightly and use this amount for prepayment. Once the loan is cleared, you can increase your investments again.

Continue Some Investments
It’s essential to continue some investments for your marriage goal. Don’t stop investing completely, as this goal is also crucial.

Planning for the Home Loan
Timing of Home Loan
You plan to take a home loan in 2025. Clearing your personal loan before that is wise. This will improve your credit score and reduce financial stress.

Home Loan Amount
Plan your home loan amount carefully. Ensure the EMI is manageable within your monthly budget. Avoid over-borrowing to keep financial stress low.

Save for Down Payment
Start saving for the down payment of your home loan. Typically, lenders require a down payment of 20% of the home’s value. This will reduce your loan amount and EMI.

Building an Emergency Fund
Importance of Emergency Fund
An emergency fund is crucial to handle unexpected expenses without disrupting your financial plans. Aim to save at least 3-6 months’ worth of expenses.

Gradual Savings
Start small. Save a portion of your salary each month towards the emergency fund. You can increase this amount once your personal loan is cleared.

Ensuring Financial Stability
Budgeting and Expense Management
Create a detailed budget to track your income and expenses. Identify areas where you can cut costs. This will free up more money for loan repayment and savings.

Avoid New Debt
Avoid taking any new loans or credit until your personal loan is cleared and you have a stable financial situation. This will help you stay on track with your goals.

Regular Financial Reviews
Monitor Progress
Regularly review your financial situation. Check your loan balance, investment growth, and budget adherence. This will help you stay focused and make necessary adjustments.

Seek Professional Guidance
Consider consulting a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) for personalized advice. They can provide insights tailored to your situation and help you achieve your goals efficiently.

Evaluating Investment Options
Avoid Index Funds
Index funds might seem attractive but they have limitations. They may not beat inflation or provide superior returns consistently. Actively managed funds, with professional management, can offer better returns and adapt to market changes.

Benefits of Regular Funds
Direct funds require active management and market knowledge. Investing through a Mutual Fund Distributor (MFD) with CFP credentials offers professional guidance and better fund selection. This can lead to better performance and peace of mind.

Final Insights
You’re on the right path with a clear focus on your financial goals. Prioritizing loan repayment is wise, but balancing investments for your future goals is also essential.

Increase your prepayment amount if possible and consider redirecting some investments temporarily. Regularly review your financial situation and seek professional advice if needed. You’re doing great, and with some adjustments, you’ll achieve your goals effectively.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP

Chief Financial Planner

www.holisticinvestment.in

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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