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Earning 1 lakh with a goal of 2 crores corpus - Is early retirement at 55 possible?

Sunil

Sunil Lala  | Answer  |Ask -

Financial Planner - Answered on Aug 04, 2024

Sunil Lala founded SL Wealth, a company that offers life and non-life insurance, mutual fund and asset allocation advice, in 2005. A certified financial planner, he has three decades of domain experience. His expertise includes designing goal-specific financial plans and creating investment awareness. He has been a registered member of the Financial Planning Standards Board since 2009.... more
Asked by Anonymous - Aug 03, 2024Hindi
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Hi Expert, I am earning 1. Lakh and current investment recently started 7k in click to invest by HDFC for 5 Years Lock in and withdrawal term 50 and 3. K in click to wealth by HDFC and NPS 5200 and pf employee contribution 6200. Home loan liability 23 Lakh. Monthly Emi 20800. I have two children one son 7 Years and daughter 3 Years. I want to make corpus 2 cr in next 10 Years ot 15 Years. Please suggest some retirement plan for early retirement till 55 age of

Ans: What is click ? Please elaborate your question
DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.
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Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8292 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jun 23, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jun 22, 2024Hindi
Money
Hello sir,i am 36 yr old with an in hand salary of 2.3l/ mnth,i have 80 lacs saving in fd and ppf,and hav just started mf 25k per month,i an loan free,no property,and want early retirement, kindly suggest a plan for me Thanks
Ans: You've made impressive strides with your finances, and it's great to see your commitment to securing an early retirement. With an in-hand salary of Rs 2.3 lakhs per month, Rs 80 lakhs saved in fixed deposits (FDs) and PPF, and a recent start in mutual funds with Rs 25,000 per month, you're on a promising path. Let’s discuss a comprehensive plan to achieve your early retirement goal.

Understanding Your Current Financial Situation
Income and Savings:

In-Hand Salary: Rs 2.3 lakhs per month.
Savings: Rs 80 lakhs in FD and PPF.
Mutual Fund SIP: Rs 25,000 per month, recently started.
You are debt-free, have no property investments, and aim for early retirement.

Assessing Your Financial Goals
Early Retirement:

Retiring early requires a solid financial plan to ensure you can sustain your lifestyle without regular income. We'll focus on increasing your investment portfolio, ensuring you have enough to support you through retirement.

Enhancing Your Investment Strategy
1. Increase SIP Contributions:

Starting with Rs 25,000 per month in mutual funds is great, but to achieve early retirement, consider increasing your SIP contributions. Higher monthly investments can significantly boost your corpus.

2. Focus on Actively Managed Funds:

Actively managed funds, with experienced fund managers, can potentially offer higher returns compared to index funds. This can help you achieve your goals faster.

3. Diversify Your Portfolio:

Diversification reduces risk and increases potential returns. Spread your investments across different sectors and asset classes within mutual funds.

4. Regular Review and Rebalancing:

Periodically review and rebalance your portfolio to align with market conditions and your financial goals. This ensures optimal performance of your investments.

Strategic Allocation for Savings
1. Maximize Returns on Fixed Deposits:

While FDs offer safety, their returns are lower. Consider investing a portion of your FD savings into higher-yielding instruments like mutual funds.

2. Utilize PPF for Tax Benefits:

PPF offers decent returns with tax benefits. Continue contributing to PPF for a secure and tax-efficient investment option.

3. Maintain an Emergency Fund:

Ensure you have an emergency fund to cover at least six months of expenses. This provides a financial safety net for unforeseen circumstances.

Building a Robust Financial Plan
1. Set Clear Financial Milestones:

Break down your retirement goal into smaller, achievable milestones. Track your progress and adjust your strategy as needed.

2. Budget and Save Aggressively:

Maintain a disciplined approach to budgeting and saving. Allocate a significant portion of your income towards investments to accelerate wealth accumulation.

3. Maximize Tax-Advantaged Investments:

Utilize tax-advantaged accounts like PPF and NPS to enhance returns and save on taxes. These are excellent for long-term savings with added tax benefits.

Insurance and Risk Management
1. Adequate Life Insurance:

Ensure you have adequate life insurance to cover your financial liabilities and support your dependents. Review your coverage periodically.

2. Comprehensive Health Insurance:

Maintain comprehensive health insurance to cover medical emergencies. This prevents erosion of your savings due to unexpected medical expenses.

Equity Investments for Growth
1. Regular Monitoring:

Keep a close eye on your equity investments. Regularly review company performance and market trends to make informed decisions.

2. Diversification in Equities:

Spread your investments across various sectors and market caps to reduce risk and enhance potential returns.

3. Professional Guidance:

Consider consulting a Certified Financial Planner for tailored advice. They can help optimize your equity investments and overall financial strategy.

Tax Planning and Efficiency
1. Efficient Tax Filing:

Ensure efficient tax filing to maximize deductions and reduce liabilities. Consider professional help if needed to navigate complex tax situations.

2. Utilize All Available Deductions:

Take advantage of all available tax deductions and exemptions. This helps in reducing your taxable income and increasing your savings.

Lifestyle and Budgeting
1. Controlled Expenses:

Maintain a disciplined approach to spending. Ensure a significant portion of your income is allocated towards investments.

2. Budget for Future Needs:

Account for future expenses like healthcare, lifestyle changes, and any other financial goals. Plan and save accordingly.

Building a Sustainable Retirement Plan
1. Estimate Retirement Expenses:

Estimate your monthly expenses during retirement. Consider inflation and potential lifestyle changes to ensure you have a realistic figure.

2. Plan for Longevity:

With early retirement, you need to plan for a longer retirement period. Ensure your investments can support you through your expected lifespan.

3. Consider Health and Medical Costs:

Healthcare costs tend to rise with age. Ensure you have adequate savings and insurance to cover medical expenses during retirement.

Final Insights
You’ve built a solid foundation with your savings and investments. To achieve early retirement, increase your SIP contributions, focus on high-growth and actively managed funds, and regularly review your portfolio. Maintain a diversified approach and ensure you have adequate insurance coverage. With disciplined budgeting and strategic planning, reaching your goal is within reach.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8292 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 18, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Jul 01, 2024Hindi
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Im 40 yr old, salary in hand is 1.5 L. 30k in sip and 40 L in mutual fund. No own house. 50 L liquid cash which fetch 20K in savings account. 17 L epf, 7 in nps. I have 2 kids 7 and 4. How to plan for early retirement in 10 yrs. Current exp 60k.
Ans: Current Financial Situation
Age: 40 years
Monthly Salary: Rs 1.5 lakh in hand
Current Investments:
SIP: Rs 30,000 monthly
Mutual Funds: Rs 40 lakhs
Liquid Cash: Rs 50 lakhs (earning Rs 20,000 in savings account)
EPF: Rs 17 lakhs
NPS: Rs 7 lakhs
Expenses: Rs 60,000 monthly
Family: 2 kids (ages 7 and 4)
Financial Goals
Early Retirement: In 10 years (by age 50)
Retirement Corpus: To cover monthly expenses and future needs
Children's Education: Plan for higher education expenses
Steps to Plan for Early Retirement
1. Calculate Retirement Corpus
Estimate Post-Retirement Expenses: Rs 60,000 monthly in today’s terms. Adjust for inflation (assume 6%).
Retirement Corpus Needed: Use the rule of 25 (25 times your annual expenses). This will ensure sufficient funds to withdraw 4% annually.
2. Investment Strategy
A. Increase SIP Contributions

Goal: Increase monthly SIPs to enhance the retirement corpus.
Recommendation: Increase SIP to Rs 50,000 monthly, if feasible. Gradually increase SIPs annually with salary increments.
B. Optimize Existing Investments

Mutual Funds: Ensure a diversified portfolio across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds.
Liquid Cash: Move a portion to higher-yielding investments.
Recommendation: Consider Liquid Mutual Funds or Short-Term Debt Funds for better returns with liquidity.
Example Allocation: Keep Rs 10 lakhs in savings for emergencies; invest Rs 40 lakhs in Liquid/Short-Term Debt Funds.
C. Maximize EPF and NPS Contributions

EPF: Continue contributing to EPF for tax benefits and secure returns.
NPS: Increase contributions for additional tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1B). Utilize the aggressive option (higher equity allocation) for better returns.
D. Diversify into Equity and Debt

Equity Mutual Funds: Maintain a significant portion in equity for growth.
Debt Funds: Allocate part of the corpus to debt funds for stability.
Example Allocation:
Equity Funds: 60% of mutual fund investments
Debt Funds: 40% of mutual fund investments
3. Children's Education Planning
Set Up Education Funds: Separate investments for children’s education.
Estimate Education Costs: Factor in inflation for future education expenses.
Investment Options:
Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY): For daughter’s education and marriage.
Equity Mutual Funds: For long-term growth.
Child Plans: Consider child-specific mutual funds.
4. Retirement Corpus Growth
Annual Review: Review and rebalance your portfolio annually.
Stay Invested: Maintain discipline and avoid premature withdrawals.
Consider Annuities: Post-retirement, consider annuities for guaranteed income.
Suggested Investment Allocation (Approximate)
Monthly SIP: Rs 50,000 (Increase from Rs 30,000)

Equity Mutual Funds: 60%
Debt Mutual Funds: 40%
Liquid Cash (Rs 50 lakhs):

Emergency Fund (Savings Account): Rs 10 lakhs
Liquid/Short-Term Debt Funds: Rs 40 lakhs
EPF and NPS Contributions: Maximize contributions for tax benefits and secure returns.

Final Insights
Early retirement planning requires disciplined savings and strategic investments. Increase SIPs, diversify your portfolio, and optimize existing investments. Ensure sufficient funds for children’s education and an emergency fund. Regularly review and adjust your plan to stay on track. Stay focused on your long-term goals and avoid impulsive financial decisions.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

..Read more

Ramalingam

Ramalingam Kalirajan  |8292 Answers  |Ask -

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jan 29, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Jan 27, 2025Hindi
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Sir I'm 34 yrs old. I have stock portfolio 5 lakhs. PPF 4lakhs and mutual funds 6 lakhs. I have a loan running of 45Lakhs for the home I will get possession next year(15 year). Car loan 11Lacks for 5 year... My monthly expense is 30 K including rent. Im the only person earning in my family and I'm salaried with 1.8L p.m. please advice a plan for my early retirement.
Ans: I will create a detailed early retirement plan covering all aspects. Since your goal is financial freedom, we must focus on debt management, savings, investments, and risk protection.

Understanding Your Current Financial Position
You have a stable income of Rs 1.8 lakhs per month.
Your stock portfolio is Rs 5 lakhs.
Mutual funds total Rs 6 lakhs.
PPF has Rs 4 lakhs.
Home loan of Rs 45 lakhs for 15 years.
Car loan of Rs 11 lakhs for 5 years.
Monthly expenses are Rs 30,000, including rent.
You are the sole earner in your family.
This means you have responsibilities and need a structured plan for financial security.

Debt Management Plan
The car loan is a short-term liability.
Prioritise closing it early to reduce interest costs.
The home loan is a long-term commitment.
Keep paying EMIs while focusing on investments.
Prepaying the home loan should not affect retirement savings.
Emergency Fund Planning
You need an emergency fund of at least 6 months’ expenses.
This should cover EMIs, household expenses, and unexpected costs.
Keep this amount in a liquid, low-risk investment.
Investment Strategy for Early Retirement
You need high-growth investments to build wealth faster.
Balanced allocation between stocks, mutual funds, and debt investments is key.
Invest aggressively for at least the next 10 years.
Stock Market Investments
Your current stock portfolio is Rs 5 lakhs.
Invest in fundamentally strong companies with good growth potential.
Avoid frequent trading; focus on long-term wealth creation.
Mutual Funds for Wealth Creation
Your existing Rs 6 lakh mutual fund portfolio needs review.
Increase SIP investments for consistent wealth accumulation.
Invest in actively managed funds across categories.
PPF as a Safe Component
Your Rs 4 lakh PPF balance is a long-term asset.
Continue yearly contributions for tax-free growth.
This will provide stability to your portfolio.
Retirement Corpus Calculation
You need to estimate your future expenses.
Inflation will increase costs significantly.
Aim for a retirement corpus that provides regular income.
Continue investing aggressively until corpus is achieved.
Tax Planning for Maximum Savings
Utilise Section 80C for tax deductions.
Optimise investments for tax efficiency.
Avoid tax-heavy instruments like traditional insurance plans.
Risk Protection with Insurance
Get term life insurance to protect your family.
Health insurance is a must to avoid medical expenses burden.
Avoid ULIPs and endowment policies for investment purposes.
Finally
Early retirement is possible with disciplined investments.
Focus on debt reduction while maintaining investments.
Increase your SIPs and invest for long-term growth.
Secure your financial future with proper risk management.
Review and rebalance your portfolio regularly.
Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

..Read more

Latest Questions
Nayagam P

Nayagam P P  |4465 Answers  |Ask -

Career Counsellor - Answered on Apr 27, 2025

Career
Jee main 2025,my son got 95.2%tile,71104 rank ,ews rank 10111,home state punjab ,can he get cse,ece,data science,it, branch in any nit,iiit,gftis or which branches he will get in these institutes .
Ans: Varinder Sir, Providing precise admission chances for each student can be challenging. Some reputed educational websites offer ‘College Predictor’ tools where you can check possible college options based on your percentile, category, and preferences. However, for a more accurate understanding, here’s a simple yet effective 9-step method using JoSAA’s past-year opening and closing ranks. This approach gives you a fair estimate (though not 100% exact) of your admission chances based on the previous year’s data.

Here is, How to Predict Your Chances of Admission into NIT or IIIT or GFTI After JEE Main Results – A Step-by-Step Guide.

Step-by-Step Guide to Check Your Admission Chances Using JoSAA Data
Step 1: Collect Your Key Details
Before starting, note down the following details:

Your JEE Main percentile
Your category (General-Open, SC, ST, OBC-NCL, EWS, PwD categories)
Preferred institute types (NIT, IIIT, GFTI)
Preferred locations (or if you're open to any location in India)
List of at least 3 preferred academic programs (branches) as backups (instead of relying on just one option)
Step 2: Access JoSAA’s Official Opening & Closing Ranks
Go to Google and type: JoSAA Opening & Closing Ranks 2024
Click on the first search result (official JoSAA website).
You will land directly on JoSAA’s portal, where you can enter your details to check past-year cutoffs.
Step 3: Select the Round Number
JoSAA conducts five rounds of counseling.
For a safer estimate, choose Round 4, as most admissions are settled by this round.
Step 4: Choose the Institute Type
Select NIT, IIIT, or GFTI, depending on your preference.
If you are open to all types of institutes, check them one by one instead of selecting all at once.
Step 5: Select the Institute Name (Based on Location)
It is recommended to check institutes one by one, based on your preferred locations.
Avoid selecting ‘ALL’ at once, as it may create confusion.
Step 6: Select Your Preferred Academic Program (Branch)
Enter the branches you are interested in, one at a time, in your preferred order.
Step 7: Submit and Analyze Results
After selecting the relevant details, click the ‘SUBMIT’ button.
The system will display Opening & Closing Ranks of the selected institute and branch for different categories both Home State (HS) i.e. State you belong to & also Other State (OS).
Step 8: Note Down the Opening & Closing Ranks
Maintain a notebook or diary to record the Opening & Closing Ranks for each institute and branch you are interested in, separately for HS & OS Categories for a quick reference.
This will serve as a quick reference during JoSAA counseling.
Step 9: Adjust Your Expectations on a Safer Side
Since Opening & Closing Ranks fluctuate slightly each year, always adjust the numbers for safety.
Example Calculation:
If the Opening & Closing Ranks for NIT Delhi | Mechanical Engineering | OPEN Category show 8622 & 26186 (for Home State), consider adjusting them to 8300 & 23000 (on a safer side).
If the Female Category rank is 34334 & 36212, adjust it to 31000 & 33000.

Follow this approach for Other State candidates and different categories.
Pro Tip: Adjust your expected rank slightly lower than the previous year's cutoffs for realistic expectations during JoSAA counseling.

Can This Method Be Used for JEE April & JEE Advanced?
Yes! You can repeat the same steps after your April JEE Main results to refine your admission possibilities.
You can also follow a similar process for JEE Advanced cutoffs when applying for IITs.

Want to Learn More About JoSAA Counseling?
If you want detailed insights on JoSAA counseling, engineering entrance exams, preparation strategies, and engineering career options, check out EduJob360’s 180+ YouTube videos on this topic!

Hope this guide helps! All the best for your admissions!

Follow RediffGURUS to Know more on 'Careers | Health | Money | Relationships'.

...Read more

Nayagam P

Nayagam P P  |4465 Answers  |Ask -

Career Counsellor - Answered on Apr 27, 2025

Career
My son got 93.4 percentile jee main . He got eee bit mesra and cse in srm ktr which prospect is better?
Ans: Sharmistha Madam, prefer BIT-M-EEE. Explore more options for your daughter as back-ups by knowing the JoSAA Counselling Opening & Closing Ranks of last year. Step 1: Collect Your Key Details
Before starting, note down the following details:

Your JEE Main percentile
Your category (General-Open, SC, ST, OBC-NCL, EWS, PwD categories)
Preferred institute types (NIT, IIIT, GFTI)
Preferred locations (or if you're open to any location in India)
List of at least 3 preferred academic programs (branches) as backups (instead of relying on just one option)
Step 2: Access JoSAA’s Official Opening & Closing Ranks
Go to Google and type: JoSAA Opening & Closing Ranks 2024
Click on the first search result (official JoSAA website).
You will land directly on JoSAA’s portal, where you can enter your details to check past-year cutoffs.
Step 3: Select the Round Number
JoSAA conducts five rounds of counseling.
For a safer estimate, choose Round 4, as most admissions are settled by this round.
Step 4: Choose the Institute Type
Select NIT, IIIT, or GFTI, depending on your preference.
If you are open to all types of institutes, check them one by one instead of selecting all at once.
Step 5: Select the Institute Name (Based on Location)
It is recommended to check institutes one by one, based on your preferred locations.
Avoid selecting ‘ALL’ at once, as it may create confusion.
Step 6: Select Your Preferred Academic Program (Branch)
Enter the branches you are interested in, one at a time, in your preferred order.
Step 7: Submit and Analyze Results
After selecting the relevant details, click the ‘SUBMIT’ button.
The system will display Opening & Closing Ranks of the selected institute and branch for different categories both Home State (HS) i.e. State you belong to & also Other State (OS).
Step 8: Note Down the Opening & Closing Ranks
Maintain a notebook or diary to record the Opening & Closing Ranks for each institute and branch you are interested in, separately for HS & OS Categories for a quick reference.
This will serve as a quick reference during JoSAA counseling.
Step 9: Adjust Your Expectations on a Safer Side
Since Opening & Closing Ranks fluctuate slightly each year, always adjust the numbers for safety.
Example Calculation:
If the Opening & Closing Ranks for NIT Delhi | Mechanical Engineering | OPEN Category show 8622 & 26186 (for Home State), consider adjusting them to 8300 & 23000 (on a safer side).
If the Female Category rank is 34334 & 36212, adjust it to 31000 & 33000.

Follow this approach for Other State candidates and different categories.
Pro Tip: Adjust your expected rank slightly lower than the previous year's cutoffs for realistic expectations during JoSAA counseling.

Can This Method Be Used for JEE April & JEE Advanced?
Yes! You can repeat the same steps after your April JEE Main results to refine your admission possibilities.
You can also follow a similar process for JEE Advanced cutoffs when applying for IITs.

Want to Learn More About JoSAA Counseling?
If you want detailed insights on JoSAA counseling, engineering entrance exams, preparation strategies, and engineering career options, check out EduJob360’s 180+ YouTube videos on this topic!

Hope this guide helps! All the best for your admissions!

Follow RediffGURUS to Know more on 'Careers | Health | Money | Relationships'

Step 1: Collect Your Key Details
Before starting, note down the following details:

Your JEE Main percentile
Your category (General-Open, SC, ST, OBC-NCL, EWS, PwD categories)
Preferred institute types (NIT, IIIT, GFTI)
Preferred locations (or if you're open to any location in India)
List of at least 3 preferred academic programs (branches) as backups (instead of relying on just one option)
Step 2: Access JoSAA’s Official Opening & Closing Ranks
Go to Google and type: JoSAA Opening & Closing Ranks 2024
Click on the first search result (official JoSAA website).
You will land directly on JoSAA’s portal, where you can enter your details to check past-year cutoffs.
Step 3: Select the Round Number
JoSAA conducts five rounds of counseling.
For a safer estimate, choose Round 4, as most admissions are settled by this round.
Step 4: Choose the Institute Type
Select NIT, IIIT, or GFTI, depending on your preference.
If you are open to all types of institutes, check them one by one instead of selecting all at once.
Step 5: Select the Institute Name (Based on Location)
It is recommended to check institutes one by one, based on your preferred locations.
Avoid selecting ‘ALL’ at once, as it may create confusion.
Step 6: Select Your Preferred Academic Program (Branch)
Enter the branches you are interested in, one at a time, in your preferred order.
Step 7: Submit and Analyze Results
After selecting the relevant details, click the ‘SUBMIT’ button.
The system will display Opening & Closing Ranks of the selected institute and branch for different categories both Home State (HS) i.e. State you belong to & also Other State (OS).
Step 8: Note Down the Opening & Closing Ranks
Maintain a notebook or diary to record the Opening & Closing Ranks for each institute and branch you are interested in, separately for HS & OS Categories for a quick reference.
This will serve as a quick reference during JoSAA counseling.
Step 9: Adjust Your Expectations on a Safer Side
Since Opening & Closing Ranks fluctuate slightly each year, always adjust the numbers for safety.
Example Calculation:
If the Opening & Closing Ranks for NIT Delhi | Mechanical Engineering | OPEN Category show 8622 & 26186 (for Home State), consider adjusting them to 8300 & 23000 (on a safer side).
If the Female Category rank is 34334 & 36212, adjust it to 31000 & 33000.

Follow this approach for Other State candidates and different categories.
Pro Tip: Adjust your expected rank slightly lower than the previous year's cutoffs for realistic expectations during JoSAA counseling.

Can This Method Be Used for JEE April & JEE Advanced?
Yes! You can repeat the same steps after your April JEE Main results to refine your admission possibilities.
You can also follow a similar process for JEE Advanced cutoffs when applying for IITs.

Want to Learn More About JoSAA Counseling?
If you want detailed insights on JoSAA counseling, engineering entrance exams, preparation strategies, and engineering career options, check out EduJob360’s 180+ YouTube videos on this topic!

Hope this guide helps! All the best for your admissions!

Follow RediffGURUS to Know more on 'Careers | Health | Money | Relationships'.

...Read more

Prof Suvasish

Prof Suvasish Mukhopadhyay  |598 Answers  |Ask -

Career Counsellor - Answered on Apr 27, 2025

Career
I have already appeared for the JEE Main and secured a 95.15 percentile, which is close to the previous year's cut-off. My query is whether it is possible to select both options JEE and NFATso that if I do not qualify through my JEE score, my application can be considered based on my NFAT score instead. If selecting both options is permissible, could you please guide me on how to do so while filling out the application form? Your assistance on this matter would be greatly appreciated.
Ans: No, candidates cannot apply using both JEE Main and NAFT scores for the same admissions. JEE Main scores are used for admissions to engineering programs at NITs, IIITs, and other participating institutions, while NAFT scores are used for admissions to NAFT-affiliated universities. These are distinct admission processes, and only one set of scores can be used.

...Read more

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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