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Ramalingam Kalirajan |10872 Answers |Ask -Follow

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on May 17, 2024

Ramalingam Kalirajan has over 23 years of experience in mutual funds and financial planning.
He has an MBA in finance from the University of Madras and is a certified financial planner.
He is the director and chief financial planner at Holistic Investment, a Chennai-based firm that offers financial planning and wealth management advice.... more

Question by Melvick on Apr 23, 2024Hindi

Money

I am 44 years old my Total savings in FD ,mutul fund , Insurance is Rs 2 Cr and 2nd property worth 50 lacs which is on rent , my current monthly expenses is Rs 45000/- How much amount will i require for retirement at 60.

Ans: Assessing Retirement Needs and Financial Preparedness
As a Certified Financial Planner, I understand the importance of planning for a comfortable retirement. Let's analyze your current financial situation and estimate the amount required for your retirement at age 60.

Genuine Appreciation for Financial Discipline
I commend you for diligently saving and investing to secure your financial future. Your prudent financial habits lay a solid foundation for retirement planning.

Evaluating Current Assets
Savings and Investments:
Fixed Deposits (FD)
Mutual Funds
Insurance Policies
Real Estate:
Second property worth 50 lakhs generating rental income
Estimating Retirement Expenses
To estimate the amount required for retirement, we need to consider your current monthly expenses and potential future expenses.

Current Monthly Expenses:
Rs 45,000
Projected Retirement Expenses:
Inflation-adjusted lifestyle expenses
Healthcare costs
Travel and leisure expenses
Calculating Retirement Corpus
To calculate the retirement corpus, we need to consider:

Expected retirement age
Life expectancy
Inflation rate
Rate of return on investments
Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on your current assets, monthly expenses, and retirement age, it's essential to:

Conduct a Detailed Analysis: Assess your current financial situation and future needs thoroughly.
Estimate Retirement Corpus: Calculate the amount required to maintain your desired lifestyle during retirement.
Explore Retirement Planning Options: Consider various retirement planning strategies, such as systematic investment plans (SIPs), retirement funds, and pension plans, to build a sufficient corpus.
Regular Review: Periodically review your retirement plan to ensure it remains aligned with your financial goals and life circumstances.
Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

Asked on - Jul 22, 2024 | Answered on Jul 23, 2024

Sir you have not provided Amout required at time of Retirement.

Ans: For a more tailored and specific plan & review, we recommend consulting with a financial planner.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information to be as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision.

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Ramalingam Kalirajan |10872 Answers |Ask -Follow

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 27, 2024

Question by Melvick - Jul 22, 2024Hindi

Money

Hi I am Melvick current Age 44 and have savings of 1.5 Cr, my current monthly expense is Rs 50000, How much retirement amount will i require at Age of 60 to sustain good financial retired life till say max 90, i assume i will require Rs 2lac per month as expense from age of 60 which will increase as per inflation.

Ans: Melvick, planning for a comfortable retirement requires careful consideration. You want to retire at 60 and expect to live until 90. Here's a breakdown of how you can achieve your goal of Rs. 2 lakhs per month in retirement, adjusted for inflation.

Inflation and Future Expenses
Inflation significantly impacts long-term financial planning. Assuming an inflation rate of 6% per annum, let's estimate your future expenses:

Current Monthly Expense: Rs. 50,000
Monthly Expense at Retirement (Age 60): Rs. 2,00,000
Future Value of Monthly Expenses
To calculate how much Rs. 2 lakhs per month at age 60 will be worth, we need to consider inflation:

Inflation Rate: 6%
Number of Years Until Retirement: 16 years
Required Retirement Corpus
To sustain Rs. 2 lakhs per month from age 60 to 90, we need to consider the future value of money, inflation, and returns on investments.

Estimating Total Corpus
Monthly Expense at Retirement: Rs. 2,00,000
Annual Expense at Retirement: Rs. 24,00,000
Assuming a post-retirement return rate of 8% and adjusting for 6% inflation, the required corpus can be substantial. Here's an estimation:

Corpus Required at Age 60: This calculation involves complex financial modeling. Generally, financial planners use the rule of thumb that you need approximately 25-30 times your annual expenses as a retirement corpus.
So, you would need approximately:

Rs. 24,00,000 x 30 = Rs. 7.2 Crores at age 60
Current Savings and Investments
Current Savings: Rs. 1.5 Crores
Current Monthly Expense: Rs. 50,000
Investment Strategy
To achieve your goal, you need a well-diversified investment portfolio. Here's a suggested approach:

Equity Investments
Equity Mutual Funds: Invest in a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap funds to balance risk and growth. Consider actively managed funds for better returns compared to index funds.
Debt Investments
Debt Mutual Funds: Include a mix of short-term and long-term debt funds for stability.
Public Provident Fund (PPF): Continue investing in PPF for tax benefits and stable returns.
SIP Strategy
Systematic Investment Plan (SIP): Increase your SIPs gradually to leverage the power of compounding. Aim to invest a significant portion of your income in SIPs.
Other Investments
National Pension System (NPS): Consider investing in NPS for additional retirement benefits and tax savings.
Gold Bonds: Allocate a small portion to Sovereign Gold Bonds for diversification.
Adjustments and Additional Strategies
Regular Review: Regularly review and adjust your portfolio to stay on track with your goals.
Increase Investments: As your income increases, increase your investment amount proportionally.
Emergency Fund: Maintain an emergency fund to cover at least 6-12 months of expenses.
Final Insights
Planning for retirement is a dynamic process. Regularly reassess your goals and investment strategies. Ensure your investments are diversified and aligned with your risk tolerance.

Best Regards,

K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

Milind Vadjikar | Answer |Ask -Follow

Insurance, Stocks, MF, PF Expert - Answered on Dec 05, 2024

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 04, 2024Hindi

Money

Hi , My name is Sanjay from Indore M.P , I am a Senior Software Professional. I am 40 year old having two daughters of age 10 years and 7 years old. Wife is PSU bank branch manager. I don't have any money/finance expectations from her for me. I want to retire in age of 45 years. I am expecting 60K per month of copus to retire in 45 age. I have 12 lac in EPF. Plot of current value 25 lac atleast in Indore. 15 lac cash in bank. NPS of about 3 lac. Having PPF also but not more than 1 lac. Having my own flat with home loan 20lac. No other loans. Please guide how much money need to have retirement at 45 age with 60k per month pension from any source. Currently earning about 1.5lac after tax deduction.

Ans: Hello;

First and foremost utilise the funds available with you to prepay and close the home loan liability.

This will ensure more investible funds available to you for planning your retirement.

(Many people continue home loan for long due to a false myth of saving money by claiming income tax deduction but they are oblivious of the fact that huge chunk of their income is going towards profiteering the lender as EMI which if judiciously invested could earn handsome returns over long-term.)

Start a sip of 1 L in a combination of equity mutual funds for 6 years at the end of which you may have a corpus around of 1 Cr.

Sell the land plot and put the sale proceeds to your corpus which may be around 1.25 Cr after 6 years.

You may buy an immediate annuity for 1.2 Cr from a life insurance company which may yield you a monthly income of around 60 K, as desired. (6% annuity rate considered)

I hope adequate provisions have been made for education and other expenses for your kids.

Also you may pursue some alternate vocation after quitting regular employment, at least for another 10 years, and get some income which may be used to top-up the annuity income to account for inflation.

Hope you have adequate term and healthcare insurance.

Happy Investing;

Ramalingam Kalirajan |10872 Answers |Ask -Follow

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Apr 23, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Apr 13, 2025

Money

Age 37 and retirement age 60 . Having corpus of 45 lakh with me in mutual fund stocks and gold . Having 1 5 years old son and wife together living. Monthly expenses are 55 k and investing 35K in MF out of total monthly earning 90K. how much amount I need after retirement to live comfortably life.

Ans: You are 37 now. You plan to retire at 60. That gives you 23 years to invest. You are already doing well with a Rs. 45 lakh corpus and Rs. 35K SIP.

Let us now assess how much you may need post-retirement to maintain a comfortable lifestyle.

Understanding Your Current Lifestyle
You spend Rs. 55K per month now.

That equals Rs. 6.6 lakh per year.

Your family includes your wife and 15-year-old son.

Your lifestyle may not reduce drastically post-retirement.

In fact, medical and personal expenses may go up.

So, we must plan inflation-adjusted future needs.

You have 23 years until retirement.

Inflation may reduce the value of money every year.

Assuming average lifestyle inflation, your future needs will increase.

Estimating Retirement Corpus Required
With 6% inflation, Rs. 55K/month becomes about Rs. 2.1 lakh/month in 23 years.

That means you will need about Rs. 25 lakh annually after retirement.

Post-retirement, you may live till 85. That means 25 years of retired life.

For 25 years, you’ll need income generation from your corpus.

This should beat inflation and also give you a steady income.

Therefore, your target corpus should ideally be Rs. 4 crore to Rs. 5 crore.

This range considers inflation, life expectancy, healthcare, and travel goals.

Evaluating Your Current Position
You have Rs. 45 lakh saved already. That’s a great start.

You invest Rs. 35K monthly in mutual funds.

You have a stable income of Rs. 90K/month.

Your savings rate is 39%. Very impressive.

You have disciplined investing behaviour.

You are also diversified into gold and stocks.

This gives a strong base for compounding.

Assuming a balanced risk profile, you can aim for 10-12% annual returns.

Over 23 years, your current savings and SIPs can help you reach your target.

Suggestions to Maximise Retirement Readiness
Continue Rs. 35K SIP monthly without fail.

Gradually increase SIP amount by 5-10% every year.

This will match inflation and grow your contribution.

Shift equity-heavy funds to moderate risk 5 years before retirement.

Ensure you hold diversified mutual funds managed by reputed AMCs.

Avoid index funds. They only copy the market.

Index funds don’t protect you in falling markets.

Actively managed funds aim to beat the market.

A skilled fund manager can control downside.

Direct mutual funds seem low-cost. But they miss human guidance.

A Certified Financial Planner-backed MFD can guide with proper rebalancing.

You will need help during market falls.

Regular plan through MFD with CFP gives personalised support.

Avoid real estate as an investment. It lacks liquidity.

Real estate also has tax, maintenance, and legal hassles.

Instead, focus on mutual funds, gold, and debt allocation.

You can also add PPF and NPS for retirement safety.

Allocate 10-15% of savings into gold as a hedge.

Ensure your emergency fund is ready for 6-12 months of expenses.

Don’t forget health insurance with Rs. 10-25 lakh cover.

It will reduce medical pressure post-retirement.

Consider term insurance until your child becomes financially stable.

You can surrender any LIC or ULIP policies.

Reinvest surrender amount into mutual funds for higher growth.

Set goal-wise buckets for wealth creation, son’s education, and retirement.

Review your plan with a Certified Financial Planner every year.

Don’t chase returns. Focus on consistency and time in market.

Compounding works best with patience and discipline.

Rebalance portfolio once a year. Reduce risk as age increases.

Keep your wife involved in your financial planning.

Teach your son about basic finance. It’ll help him in future.

Income Strategy Post Retirement
Use Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) for monthly income.

SWP gives you monthly income from mutual funds.

It’s tax-efficient compared to fixed deposits.

SWP from equity funds has new tax rules.

Long term capital gains above Rs. 1.25 lakh taxed at 12.5%.

Short-term gains taxed at 20%.

SWP can be created from balanced or multi-cap funds.

Mix it with debt funds for safety and lower volatility.

Plan 3 income buckets – Immediate, Medium, Long-Term.

Immediate (0-5 yrs) – keep low-risk debt and liquid funds.

Medium (5-10 yrs) – hold balanced and flexi-cap funds.

Long term (10+ yrs) – invest in small and mid-cap funds.

This strategy protects capital while providing income.

Tax planning must be done smartly to reduce outgo.

Withdraw money in tax-smart way from various buckets.

You can use HUF account for tax savings if applicable.

Steps You Can Take Now
Make a written goal for Rs. 4 to 5 crore retirement corpus.

Continue monthly SIP of Rs. 35K. Increase yearly if possible.

Keep investing bonus and lump sum into mutual funds.

Do not pause SIPs during market falls.

Track goal progress every 2-3 years.

Match asset allocation as per life stage.

Buy health insurance separately for self and wife.

Plan your son’s higher education with a separate corpus.

Avoid using retirement fund for child’s education.

Keep estate planning documents updated.

Write a Will. Nominate family across all accounts.

Keep records of mutual funds, stocks, insurance in one place.

Inform spouse about everything.

This reduces family stress in your absence.

Treat retirement planning as life goal, not just financial goal.

Retirement is your longest holiday. Plan it with joy.

Discipline + time + patience = financial freedom.

Finally
You are already doing very well. Your monthly investments are strong. Expenses are controlled. Lifestyle is modest and focused.

You need around Rs. 4 to 5 crore corpus. This will help you live comfortably post 60.

You have 23 years. That’s enough time to build this corpus. You must continue with focused discipline. And review your plan regularly with a Certified Financial Planner.

This way, your retirement will be peaceful. And full of freedom.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Ramalingam Kalirajan |10872 Answers |Ask -Follow

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Jul 30, 2025

Question by ricky - Jul 07, 2025Hindi

Money

Dear Sir, i am 48 years old working with a pvt company my monthly expenses are ard 50,000 INR - how much will i need at the age of 58 ie my retirement

Ans: You’re already thinking about retirement at 48. That’s a wise and timely step.
Planning early gives you more control. You can build a worry-free and peaceful retired life.

Below is a complete and in-depth answer, keeping in mind your lifestyle and future needs.

? First Understand the Role of Inflation
– Inflation reduces the value of money every year.
– Rs.50,000 today may not be enough after 10 years.
– Expenses will double roughly in 10–12 years.
– So, you must plan not for today’s cost, but future cost.
– This is the most common mistake in retirement planning.

? Know What You Really Need Monthly After Retirement
– Today your monthly cost is Rs.50,000.
– At 58, it may become Rs.1 lakh or more per month.
– This assumes average inflation of around 7–8%.
– So, plan for future monthly need, not just today’s.
– This helps you stay prepared and stress-free later.

? Work Out Retirement Corpus to Cover Expenses for Life
– You may live till age 85 or even 90.
– So, you need 30+ years of income after retirement.
– Your retirement corpus should generate income for all these years.
– It must beat inflation and yet be safe.
– You must not outlive your money.
– This is the core goal of retirement planning.

? Don’t Depend on EPF or PPF Alone
– These will not be enough on their own.
– Their return is fixed and taxable.
– EPF corpus may last only few years.
– PPF is too small and cannot give monthly income.
– So, you need a bigger, balanced retirement corpus.
– It should combine safety, income, and growth.

? Estimate the Corpus Needed at Retirement
– You may need around Rs.2–3 crore minimum by age 58.
– This depends on expected expenses, lifestyle, health, and inflation.
– If expenses grow faster, you will need more corpus.
– Better to overestimate than underestimate.
– This amount will generate income through Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP).

? SWP is Better Than Pension or Annuity
– Don’t go for annuity or pension plans.
– They offer low returns.
– No inflation protection and no flexibility.
– In SWP, you withdraw monthly from mutual fund.
– Your money stays invested and grows.
– You keep full control and ownership of the corpus.

? Stay Away from Index Funds
– Index funds don’t protect in falling markets.
– They just follow the market blindly.
– No professional selection of stocks.
– Active funds offer better research and management.
– They also adjust to market cycles better.
– For long-term needs like retirement, active funds work best.

? Avoid Direct Mutual Funds – Prefer Regular Plans with Guidance
– Direct plans give no support or advice.
– You may choose wrong fund or asset mix.
– Regular plans through Certified Financial Planner-backed MFD is safer.
– You get personalised reviews, rebalancing, and alerts.
– In retirement, peace matters more than tiny cost saving.

? Divide the Retirement Corpus into Two Buckets
– Income Bucket gives monthly income from age 58.
– Growth Bucket grows till you need it later.
– This method protects your future years.
– It also reduces stress on income funds.
– It helps refill the income bucket later.

? How Much Monthly Income Will You Need After Retirement?
– At 58, your Rs.50,000 expense may become Rs.1 lakh.
– After 70, it may rise to Rs.1.5 lakh monthly.
– You must plan to meet these increases.
– Otherwise, your money will fall short too early.
– Plan for rising expenses due to inflation.

? Include Health Insurance in Your Plan
– After 60, medical costs will be high.
– No employer will cover you after retirement.
– Buy a large, family floater plan today.
– Keep increasing sum insured every 2–3 years.
– Don’t depend only on savings for medical cost.

? Don’t Keep All Money in Fixed Deposit
– FD returns are taxable and low.
– FD doesn’t beat inflation.
– Interest may reduce in future.
– Also, no flexibility in withdrawals.
– Instead, use a mix of funds for income and growth.

? Use STP to Move Lumpsum Slowly into Growth Funds
– Don’t invest full amount at once into equity.
– Start with liquid fund.
– Then use Systematic Transfer Plan to shift into equity funds.
– This gives better cost averaging and safety.
– It helps enter the market without worry.

? Avoid Real Estate for Retirement Planning
– Real estate has low rental yield.
– Buying and selling is difficult.
– No monthly income unless tenant is found.
– Maintenance costs are high.
– Better to keep liquid, safe investments for retirement.

? Use Regular Mutual Funds with Active Management
– These are better than index or direct funds.
– You get better service, expert fund management.
– Also, annual reviews and tracking support.
– Good for people who don’t want to monitor daily.
– It also gives family members peace of mind.

? Build Emergency Fund Separately
– Keep Rs.10–15 lakh in liquid funds.
– This should not be part of retirement corpus.
– Use for emergency or medical need.
– This prevents disturbance to retirement investments.

? Involve Family in Planning
– Discuss your retirement plan with spouse.
– Make them aware of investments and documents.
– Name them as nominee or joint holder.
– This avoids confusion in your absence.

? Avoid Insurance-Cum-Investment Plans
– ULIPs or traditional insurance give poor return.
– They lock money and have hidden charges.
– If you have such policies, surrender them.
– Reinvest in mutual funds for better transparency and return.
– Separate insurance and investment always.

? Plan Retirement in Phases
– Phase 1: Age 58 to 70 – active life, travel, hobbies.
– Phase 2: Age 70 to 80 – lower expenses, medical cost rises.
– Phase 3: Age 80+ – mostly health and care cost.
– Design investment accordingly.
– More equity in early phase, more debt later.

? Final Insights
– You are taking the right step now.
– Planning at 48 gives you time to build.
– Start investing monthly in mutual funds.
– Use equity, hybrid, and conservative funds.
– At retirement, use SWP for monthly income.
– Avoid annuity, index funds, direct funds, real estate.
– Choose regular funds with Certified Financial Planner help.
– Build emergency fund and health insurance.
– Review every year. Involve family. Stay disciplined.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,
Chief Financial Planner,
www.holisticinvestment.in
https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Reetika Sharma |417 Answers |Ask -Follow

Financial Planner, MF and Insurance Expert - Answered on Dec 04, 2025

Question by Melvick - Nov 27, 2025Hindi

Money

Hi My current age is 46 with monthly expenses of Rs 60000. How much retirement amount is required at age of 58 to sustain the amout till 85 with current inflation of 10 percentage

Ans: Hi Melvick,

Your current expenses of 60k per month will reach to approx 1.5 lakhs when you turn 58.
Hence you need the corpus of minimum 5 crores to cover your monthly expenses till 85 years of age.

However make sure thar other major financial goals are apart from this amount. Otherwise this 5 crore requirement will increase with increase in goals.

Let me know if you need more help.

Best Regards,
Reetika Sharma, Certified Financial Planner
https://www.instagram.com/cfpreetika/

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Nayagam P P |10851 Answers |Ask -Follow

Career Counsellor - Answered on Dec 07, 2025

Question by Sreelekshmi - Dec 06, 2025Hindi

Career

Hello, I’m a student who recently joined the Integrated M.Sc Physics program at Amrita University. I’m aiming for a strong academic foundation and a clear career path. Could you please guide me on the following: How good is this course for research careers or higher studies (IISc, IITs, abroad)? What are the placement prospects after Integrated M.Sc Physics at Amrita? Does the program help in preparing for alternate options like UPSC, CDS/AFCAT, or technical roles? What skills (coding, research projects, certifications) should I start early to make the most of this degree?

Ans: Sree, Program Overview and Academic Foundation: Congratulations on joining the Integrated M.Sc Physics program at Amrita University. This five-year integrated program represents a rigorous pathway designed to equip you with advanced theoretical and experimental physics knowledge combined with cutting-edge scientific computing skills. The curriculum uniquely integrates a minor in Scientific Computing, which adds substantial computational capability to your profile—a critical advantage in today's research and professional landscape. The program incorporates comprehensive coursework spanning classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, statistical physics, advanced laboratory work, and specialized topics in materials physics, optoelectronics, and computational methods, positioning you excellently for both research and professional careers.
Research Career Prospects: IISc, IITs, and Beyond: For research-oriented careers, the Integrated M.Sc Physics program at Amrita provides an exceptional foundation. Amrita's curriculum specifically aligns with GATE and UGC-NET examination syllabi, and the institution emphasizes early research engagement. The faculty at Amrita actively publish research in Scopus-indexed journals, with over 60 publications in international venues within the past five years, exposing you to active research environments.
To pursue research at premier institutions like IISc, you would typically follow the PhD pathway. IISc accepts M.Sc graduates through their Integrated PhD programs, and with your Amrita M.Sc, you're eligible to apply. You'll need to qualify the relevant entrance examinations, and your integrated program's emphasis on research fundamentals provides strong preparation. The final year of your Integrated M.Sc is intentionally structured to be nearly free of classroom commitments, enabling engagement with research projects at institutes like IISc, IITs, and National Labs. According to Amrita's data, over 80% of M.Sc Physics students secured internship offers from reputed institutions during academic year 2019-20, directly facilitating research career transitions.
Placement and Direct Employment Opportunities: Amrita University boasts a comprehensive placement ecosystem with strong corporate and government sector connections. According to NIRF placement data for the Amrita Integrated M.Sc program (5-year), the median salary in 2023-24 stood at ?7.2 LPA with approximately 57% placement rate. However, these figures reflect general placement trends; physics graduates often secure higher packages in specialized technical roles. Many graduates join software companies like Infosys (with early offers), Google, and PayPal, where their strong analytical and computational skills command competitive compensation packages ranging from ?8-15 LPA for entry-level positions.
The Department of Corporate and Industrial Relations at Amrita provides intensive three-semester life skills training covering linguistic competence, data interpretation, group discussions, and interview techniques. This structured placement support significantly enhances your employability in both government and private sectors.
Government Sector Opportunities: UPSC, BARC, DRDO, and ISRO: Your M.Sc Physics degree opens multiple avenues for prestigious government employment. UPSC Geophysicist examinations explicitly list M.Sc Physics or Applied Physics as qualifying degrees, enabling you to compete for Group A positions in the Geological Survey of India and Central Ground Water Board. The age limit for geophysicist positions is 32 years (with relaxation for reserved categories), and the exam comprises preliminary, main, and interview stages.
BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) actively recruits M.Sc Physics graduates as Scientific Officers and Research Fellows. Recruitment occurs through the BARC Online Test or GATE scores, with positions in nuclear science, radiation protection, and atomic research. BARC Summer Internship programs are available, offering ?5,000-?10,000 monthly stipends with opportunity for future scientist recruitment.
DRDO (Defense Research and Development Organization) recruits M.Sc Physics graduates through CEPTAM examinations or GATE scores for roles involving defense technology, weapon systems, and laser physics research. ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) regularly advertises scientist/engineer positions through competitive recruitment for candidates with strong physics backgrounds, offering opportunities in satellite technology and space science applications.
Other significant employers include the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) recruiting as scientific officers, and NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited), offering stable government service with competitive compensation packages exceeding ?8-12 LPA for scientists.
Alternate Career Pathways: UPSC, CDS, and AFCAT: UPSC Civil Services (IFS - Indian Forest Service): M.Sc Physics graduates qualify for UPSC Civil Services examinations, with the forest service offering opportunities for science-based administrative roles with potential to reach senior government positions.
CDS/AFCAT (Armed Forces): While AFCAT meteorology branches specifically require "B.Sc with Maths & Physics with 60% minimum marks," the technical branches (Aeronautical Engineering and Ground Duty Technical roles) require graduation/integrated postgraduation in Engineering/Technology. An M.Sc Physics integrates well with technical qualifications, though you would need engineering background for direct officer entry. However, you remain eligible for specialized technical interviews if applying through alternate defence channels.
UGC-NET Examination: This pathway leads to Assistant Professor positions in central universities and colleges across India. NET-qualified candidates receive scholarships of ?31,000/month for 2-year JRF positions with PhD pursuit, transitioning to Assistant Professor salaries of ?41,000/month in government institutions. This route provides long-term academic career security with research opportunities.
Private Sector Technical Roles
M.Sc Physics graduates are increasingly valued in data science, software engineering, and technical consulting. Companies actively recruit physics graduates for software development, where strong problem-solving and logical reasoning translate to competitive packages of ?10-20 LPA. Specialized domains including quantum computing development, financial modeling, and scientific computing offer premium compensation. Your minor in Scientific Computing makes you particularly attractive to technology companies requiring computational expertise.
International Opportunities and Higher Studies Abroad
An M.Sc from Amrita facilitates admission to PhD programs at international institutions. German universities offer tuition-free or low-fee MSc Physics programs (2 years) with scholarships like DAAD providing €850+ monthly stipends. US universities accept M.Sc graduates directly for PhD positions with full funding (tuition coverage + stipend). These pathways require GRE scores and strong Statement of Purpose articulating research interests. Research collaboration opportunities exist with Max Planck Institute (Germany) and CalTech Summer Research Program (USA), both welcoming Indian M.Sc students.
Essential Skills and Certifications to Develop Immediately: Programming Languages: Start learning Python immediately—it's universally used in research and industry. Dedicate 2-3 hours weekly to data analysis, scientific computing libraries (NumPy, SciPy, Pandas), and machine learning fundamentals. MATLAB is equally critical for physics applications, particularly numerical simulations and data visualization. Aim to complete MATLAB certification courses within your first year.
Research Tools: Learn Git/version control, LaTeX for scientific documentation, and data analysis frameworks. These skills are indispensable for publishing research papers and collaborating on projects.
Certifications Worth Pursuing: (1) MATLAB Certification (DIYguru or MathWorks official courses) (2) Python for Data Science (complete certificate programs from platforms like Coursera) (3) Machine Learning Fundamentals (for expanding technical versatility) & (4) Scientific Communication and Technical Writing (develop through departmental workshops)
Strategic Internship Planning: Leverage Amrita's research connections systematically. In your third year, apply to BARC Summer Internship, IISER Internships, TIFR Summer Fellowships, and IIT Internship programs (like IIT Kanpur SURGE). These expose you to frontier research while establishing connections for future PhD or scientist recruitment. Target 2-3 research internships across different specializations to develop versatility.

TO SUM UP, Your Integrated M.Sc Physics degree from Amrita positions you exceptionally well for competitive research careers at IISc/IITs, prestigious government scientist roles at BARC/DRDO/ISRO, and international PhD opportunities. The program's scientific computing emphasis differentiates you in the job market. Immediate priorities: (1) Master Python and MATLAB within the first two years; (2) Engage in research projects starting year 2-3; (3) Target internships at premiere research institutions; (4) Prepare GATE while completing your degree for maximum flexibility in recruitment; (5) Consider UGC-NET for long-term academic stability. Your career trajectory will ultimately depend on developing strong research fundamentals, demonstrating consistent excellence in specialization areas, and strategically selecting internship and research opportunities. The rigorous Amrita program combined with disciplined skill development positions you for exceptional career success across multiple sectors. Choose the most suitable option for you out of the various options available mentioned above. All the BEST for Your Prosperous Future!

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Nayagam P P |10851 Answers |Ask -Follow

Career Counsellor - Answered on Dec 07, 2025

Question by Krishu - Dec 05, 2025Hindi

Career

Maine jee mains session ka form ews apply wale se bhara tha lekin ews nh ban paya aur ab form date bhi khatam ho chuka h aur correction window band ho gya h to kya maine ji form pehle ews wala bhara tha wo form rahega ya rad ho jayega

Ans: Krishu, Your form remains valid for exam participation. NTA doesn't reject forms during registration without certificates. However, during counseling document verification, a missing EWS certificate will automatically shift you to the General category. You cannot change your category now since the correction window closed. Contact NTA immediately for guidance on possible relief measures by mail or by contacting them over phone. All the BEST for a Prosperous Future!

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Radheshyam Zanwar |6736 Answers |Ask -Follow

MHT-CET, IIT-JEE, NEET-UG Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Question by ANSHU - Dec 06, 2025Hindi

Career

I am a neet aspirant Sir meri class 12 m physics m repeat thi aur chemistry bio aur English m pass hu toh mene nios k through physics k exam dia m usmin pass hu toh mere pass 2 marksheet hogyin h toh sir neet counselling m koi problem toh nhi aaegi

Ans: As per my knowledge, you will not face any problem in NEET counselling. Passing Physics through NIOS is valid. Just carry both mark sheets for verification. Yet, it is highly recommended to have a single marksheet for PCB to avoid any complications. You did not anything about when you cleared the 12th grade and NIOS examination. It is also not clear that when you are appearing to NEET. Whether you are are fresher or repeater is also not clear. Recommending asking the question in English with clarity to answer it correctly.

Good luck.
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Radheshyam

Asked on - Dec 06, 2025 | Answered on Dec 07, 2025

Sir I completed my 12 in 2024 and I gave my nios exam in oct 2024 in nios marksheet I am passed in physics and sir I am a droper student

Ans: OK. Appear for NEET 2026 and aim to score higher first, and forget what has happened in the past. Think about the verification process after the examination is over; until then, remain cool, calm, and quiet, and focus only on NEET. Best of luck for your bright future ahead.

Dr Nagarajan J S K |2576 Answers |Ask -Follow

NEET, Medical, Pharmacy Careers - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Question by swarnesh - Dec 04, 2025Hindi

Career

hi sir, wish to know the careeer option for my daughter after 12th PCB, apart from NEET what are the other ExamsPCB stream , she can appear. please guide .

Ans: Hi Swamesh,
Please wait a few more days; changes have occurred in the education sector, particularly regarding NEET. Several courses have been added, and you need to obtain eligibility through NEET to pursue them. I will share the details within a few days.
BEST REGARDS

Mihir Tanna |1090 Answers |Ask -Follow

Tax Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 04, 2025Hindi

Money

Tax returns ka confirmation nahi aya it department se

Ans: It may be under review. Many returns are still under process.

Ramalingam Kalirajan |10872 Answers |Ask -Follow

Mutual Funds, Financial Planning Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 06, 2025Hindi

Money

Dear Sir/Ma'am, I need some guidance and advice for continuing my mutual fund investments. I am a 36 year old male, married, no kids yet and no debts/liabilities as such. I have couple of savings in PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and long term investing in direct stocks. I recently started below mentioned SIPs for long term to grow wealth. Request you to review the same and let me know if I should continue with the SIPs or need to rationalize. Kindly also advice on how to invest a lumpsum amount of around 6lacs. invesco small cap 2000 motilal oswal midcap 2700 parag parikh flexicap 3000 HDFC flexicap 3100 ICICI prudential largecap 3100 HDFC large and midcap 3100 HDFC gold etf FOF 2000 ICICI Pru equity and debt fund 3000 HDFC balanced advantage fund 3000 nippon india silver etf FOF 2000

Ans: You already built a solid foundation. Many investors delay planning. But you started early at 36. That gives you a strong advantage. You have no liabilities. You have long term thinking. You also have diversified savings like PPF, NPS, Emergency funds and direct stocks. That shows clarity and discipline. This approach builds wealth with less stress over time.

You also started systematic investments in equity funds. That is a positive step. Your selection covers multiple categories like large cap, mid cap, small cap, flexi cap, hybrid and precious metals. So the intent is right. You are trying to create a broad portfolio. That gives balance.

» Your Portfolio Composition Understanding
Your current SIP list includes:

Small cap

Mid cap

Flexi cap

Large cap

Large and mid cap

Hybrid category

Gold and Silver FoF

Equity and Debt allocation fund

Dynamic hybrid fund

This shows you are trying to cover many segments. But too many categories can create overlap. When there is overlap, you get confusion during review. It also makes portfolio discipline difficult. You may think you are diversified. But the holdings inside may repeat. That reduces efficiency.

Your portfolio now looks like:

Equity dominant

Hybrid for stability

Metals for hedge

So the broad direction is fine. But simplifying helps in long-term habit building.

» Fund Category Duplication
You hold:

Two flexi cap funds

One large and mid cap fund

One pure large cap fund

One mid cap fund

One small cap fund

Flexi cap funds already invest across large, mid, small. Then large and mid also overlaps. So the large cap exposure gets repeated. That may not add extra benefit. But it increases monitoring complexity.

So I suggest rationalising. Keep one fund per category in core. Keep satellite space for only high conviction.

» Core and Satellite Strategy
A structured portfolio follows core and satellite method.

Core portfolio should be:

Simple

Long term

Stable

Satellite portfolio can be:

High growth

Concentrated

Based on your thinking level, you can structure like this:

Core funds:

One large cap

One flexi cap

One hybrid equity and debt fund

One balanced advantage type fund

Satellite funds:

One mid cap

One small cap

One metal allocation if needed

This division gives clarity. You can continue SIPs with review every year. No need to stop and restart often. That reduces behavioural mistakes.

» Your Current SIP List Review with Suggested Streamlining

You can consider continuing:

One flexi cap

One large cap

One mid cap

One small cap

One balanced advantage

One equity and debt hybrid

You may reconsider keeping both flexi caps and both gold silver funds. One of each category is enough. Because too many funds do not increase returns. It complicates tracking.

Precious metal funds should not be more than 5 to 7 percent in your portfolio. This is because metals are hedge assets. They do not create compounding like equity. They act as protection during cycles. So keep them small.

» How to Use the Rs 6 Lakh Lump Sum
You asked about lump sum investing. This is important. Lump sum should not go fully into equity at one time. Markets move in cycles. So use a staggered method. You can invest the lump sum through STP (Systematic Transfer Plan). You can keep the amount in a liquid fund and set STP toward your chosen growth funds over 6 to 12 months.

This reduces timing risk. It also creates discipline. So your Rs 6 lakh can be deployed gradually. You may use 50% towards core equity funds and 30% toward satellite growth category. The remaining 20% can go into hybrid category. This gives balance and comfort.

» Regular Funds Over Direct Funds
One important point many investors miss. Direct funds look cheaper. But they demand deep knowledge, discipline, and behaviour control. Most investors lose more through emotional selling and wrong timing than they save on expense ratio.

With regular funds through a Mutual Fund Distributor with Certified Financial Planner qualification, you get guidance, structure and correction. The advisory discipline protects you during market extremes. That is more valuable than a small saving in expense ratio.

A personalised planner also tracks portfolio drift, rebalancing need and category shifts. So regular fund investing gives long-term benefit and behaviour coaching.

» Actively Managed Funds over Index or ETF
Some investors choose index funds or ETF thinking they are simple and cheap. But they ignore drawbacks.

Index funds or ETF will not avoid weak companies in the index. They will invest whether the company grows or struggles. There is no fund manager decision making. So when markets are at peak, index funds continue aggressive exposure. In downturns also they fall fully. There is no cushion.

Actively managed funds work with research teams. They can avoid bad sectors. They can shift allocation based on market and economy. Over long term, this gives better alpha and stability. So continuing with actively managed funds creates better wealth compounding.

» SIP Continuation Strategy
Once the rationalisation is done, continue SIPs every month without interruption. Pause and restart behaviour damages compounding power. SIP works best when you go through all market cycles. You benefit more during corrections because cost averaging works.

So continue SIP amount. You can also review SIP increase every year based on income. Increasing SIP by 10 to 15 percent every year helps you reach large corpus faster.

» Asset Allocation Based Approach
One key point in wealth creation is having the right asset mix. Equity gives growth. Hybrid gives balance. Metals give hedge. Debt gives safety. Your asset allocation should stay aligned to your risk profile and time horizon.

Since you are young and have long term horizon, higher equity allocation is fine. But as time moves, rebalancing is important. Rebalancing protects gains and restores allocation.

So review your asset allocation every year or during major life events like child birth, home buying or retirement planning.

» Behaviour Management
Many portfolios fail not due to bad funds. They fail due to bad decisions. Selling during correction. Stopping SIP when market falls. Chasing past return performance. These mistakes reduce wealth.

Your discipline so far is good. Continue to stay patient during volatility. Equity rewards patience and time.

» Financial Goals Clarity
Since you have no children now, you can decide your long-term goals. Typical goals may include:

Retirement

Future child education

Dream lifestyle purchase

Health care reserves

When goals are clear, investment purpose becomes stronger. So you can map each fund category to goal horizon. Short-term goals should not use equity. Long-term goals should use equity with hybrid support.

» Role of Review and Monitoring
Review once in a year is enough. Frequent review can create anxiety. Annual review helps check:

Fund performance

Expense drift

Category relevance

Allocation balance

Then adjust only if needed. This progress helps you stay confident and aligned.

» Taxation Awareness
Equity mutual funds taxation rules are:

Short term (below one year holding) taxable at 20 percent

Long term (above one year holding) gains above Rs 1.25 lakh taxable at 12.5 percent

Debt mutual funds are taxed as per your income slab.

So always hold equity funds for long term. That reduces tax impact and gives better growth.

» SIP Increase Plan
You can create a simple plan to increase SIP over time. For example:

Increase SIP at every salary increment

Increase SIP during bonus time

Use rewards or extra income for investing

This habit accelerates wealth. So by the time you reach 45 to 50 years, your investments could reach a strong level.

» Insurance and Protection
Before investing large, ensure you have term insurance and health insurance. If not already done, it is important. Insurance protects wealth. Without insurance, even a small medical event can impact investment plan. So review this part also. Since you are married, cover both.

» Wealth Behaviour Mindset
You are already disciplined. Just keep these simple principles:

Invest without stopping

Review once a year

Avoid funds overlap

Follow asset allocation

Avoid reacting to media noise

This helps you reach long term milestones.

» Finally
You are on the right track. Only fine tuning and simplification is needed. Your discipline is visible. Your portfolio will grow well with structure, patience and periodic review. Use the Rs 6 lakh with STP approach. And continue SIP with rationalised categories.

With time and consistency, wealth creation becomes effortless and peaceful. You just need to stay committed and avoid overthinking during market movements.

Best Regards,
K. Ramalingam, MBA, CFP,

Chief Financial Planner,

www.holisticinvestment.in

https://www.youtube.com/@HolisticInvestment

Radheshyam Zanwar |6736 Answers |Ask -Follow

MHT-CET, IIT-JEE, NEET-UG Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Asked by Anonymous - Dec 04, 2025Hindi

Career

Hello sir, i am a NEET aspirant and in 11th........but these past months i have left one coaching to join other but have not been able to accomodate so now i will be starting fresh and doing self study.....i want to go to afmc....pls guide me regarding everything....pls pls really urgent, would appreciate it.

Ans: Starting afresh in 11th class is completely fine, but initially focus on strong NCERT fundamentals for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology through daily self-study, consistent revision, and weekly mock tests. Aim for the NEET cutoff plus medical fitness standards for AFMC, build physical fitness alongside academics, and maintain discipline with a clear daily routine to stay on track. Usually, switching between coaching institutes is not recommended, but if there are serious issues with teachers, it's understandable to make a change. However, success does not solely depend on the coaching institute; dedicated studying is essential. Self-study with passion, consistency, completing the syllabus on time, extensive revision, and practising past papers are crucial for cracking the exam. If you have that strong desire, you can attempt NEET; otherwise, choose your path without hesitation. NEET is not the ultimate measure of success in life.

Good luck.
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Radheshyam

Radheshyam Zanwar |6736 Answers |Ask -Follow

MHT-CET, IIT-JEE, NEET-UG Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Question by Shriyansh - Dec 04, 2025Hindi

Career

I am aiming pec chd cse data science which on josaa shows to open at 16000 and closed at 19000 ews rank. How hard is to achieve this rank. Is it possible with boards prep? Do consider these are ews category ranks not crl rank , so any guess about crl and overall percentile?

Ans: Getting an EWS rank of 16k–19k is moderately tough and usually needs 90–93 percentile (90k–110k CRL), which is very difficult with only boards preparation and typically requires focused JEE-level practice. One should have a burning desire, dedicated motivation, and a target to achieve the goal. Without these parameters, not possible to achieve success in JEE. Hence, around 95% studentsare are unable to achieve the target of cracking the examination. From your question, it is not clear that where you are aiming for 2026 or 2027 examination.

Good luck.
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Radheshyam

Radheshyam Zanwar |6736 Answers |Ask -Follow

MHT-CET, IIT-JEE, NEET-UG Expert - Answered on Dec 06, 2025

Question by Amit - Dec 05, 2025Hindi

Career

My son while filling the application form for JEE Mains2026 , has inadvertently added the prefixes Mr. and Mrs. before his parents’ names. However, in both the Aadhaar card and the Matriculation certificate, the names of his parents appear without any prefixes. He missed to do the correction in the correction window timeline. Will he be allowed to sit in the exam and any challenge during JOSSA counselling, if yes, what is remedial action for this.?

Ans: Please do not worry. He will be allowed to appear for JEE Mains and will be allowed to participate in JoSAA counselling. Just submit an affidavit/self-declaration with Aadhaar and matric certificates during document verification to clarify the prefix discrepancy. Yet, recommended to fill the application form very carefully by taking the help of an expert. If NTA opens the correction windows once again, then try for the same. Keep a close eye on the NTA JEE site.

Good luck.
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Radheshyam

Dr Dipankar Dutta |1837 Answers |Ask -Follow

Tech Careers and Skill Development Expert - Answered on Dec 05, 2025

Question by Murari - Dec 05, 2025Hindi

Career

Dear Sir, I did my BTech from a normal engineering college not very famous. The teaching was not great and hence i did not study well. I tried my best to learn coding including all the technologies like html,css,javascript,react js,dba,php because i wanted to be a web developer But nothing seem to enter my head except html and css. I don't understand a language which has more complexities. Is it because of my lack of experience or not devoting enough time. I am not sure. I did many courses online and tried to do diplomas also abroad which i passed somehow. I recently joined android development course because i like apps but the teaching was so fast that i could not memorize anything. There was no time to even take notes down. During the course i did assignments and understood the code because i have to pass but after the course is over i tend to forget everything. I attempted a lot of interviews. Some of them i even got but could not perform well so they let me go. Now due to the AI booming and job markets in a bad shape i am re-thinking whether to keep studying or whether its just time waste. Since 3 years i am doing labour type of jobs which does not yield anything to me for survival and to pay my expenses. I have the quest to learn everything but as soon as i sit in front of the computer i listen to music or read something else. What should i do to stay more focused? What should i do to make myself believe confident. Is there still scope of IT in todays world? Kindly advise.

Ans: Your story does not show failure.
It shows persistence, effort, and desire to improve.

Most people give up.
You didn’t.
That means you will succeed — but with the right method, not the old one.

See more questions »

DISCLAIMER: The content of this post by the expert is the personal view of the rediffGURU. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related document carefully before investing. The securities quoted are for illustration only and are not recommendatory. Users are advised to pursue the information provided by the rediffGURU only as a source of information and as a point of reference and to rely on their own judgement when making a decision. RediffGURUS is an intermediary as per India's Information Technology Act.

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